一株高病毒载量 PCV2 毒株的基因组特征及序列分析

【目的】了解广东省某猪群中猪圆环病毒 2 型（Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2）流行毒株的遗传进化情况,丰富 PCV2 分子流行病学数据,为当地 PCV2 疫苗候选株的选用和研发提供参考。【方法】使用 qPCR 方法对疑似 PCV2 的样品进行检测,发现 1 株具有高病毒载量的 PCV2 毒株,命名为 GD222858。通过 PCR 方法进行全基因组分子克隆及遗传进化分析。使用 MegAlign 软件将该毒株 ORF1、ORF2 基因编码的氨基酸序列与 PCV2 同亚型参考毒株进行比对,分析氨基酸序列的相似性;采用 DNAStar 预测该毒株的 Cap 蛋白二级结构及 B 细胞表位,并与 4 株疫苗株 DBN-SX07-2（HM641752）、LG（HM038034）、SH（HM038027）、ZJ（AY686764）的 Cap 蛋白抗原指数进行比对分析。【结果】GD222858 毒株基因组长度为 1 767 bp。遗传进化分析表明该毒株属于 PCV2d 亚型。与国内外 82 株参考毒株的核苷酸相似性为 91.4%~99.6%,与越南毒株 Han8（GenBank 登录号：JQ181600）的亲缘关系最近。在 ORF1 编码的 Rep 蛋白处发现多个特异性突变位点 F70Y、F77L、W202R、N256S;ORF2 编码的Cap 蛋白相对保守。Protean 预测 Cap 蛋白的氨基酸第 5~18、24~25、39~41、48~49、57~65、99、101、112~114、139~140、145~150、162~165、175~181、188~189、205~211、227~232 位 置 处 均 可 能 存 在 潜 在 的 B 细 胞 表 位。GD222858 毒株的 Cap 蛋白抗原指数与 4 株疫苗株均有差异,在氨基酸 45~57、124~132、223~233 位置处抗原指数明显高于 4 株疫苗株,且与疫苗株 HM038034 差异最大。【结论】GD222858 毒株感染猪群的原因可能是 Rep 蛋白多个位点发生特异性突变及疫苗株选用不当所致。     

PEDV N蛋白的原核表达纯化及B细胞抗原表位预测分析

本研究旨在对猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)N基因进行克隆构建、表达与其B细胞抗原表位性质的预测。将PEDV的N基因进行PCR扩增,克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a(+)中,经酶切验证获得阳性克隆,将阳性克隆在表达菌E. coli BL21(DE3)中表达。通过对表达条件及纯化条件的优化,获得高纯度表达蛋白。利用生物信息同源模型化软件Swiss-Pdb Viewer建立PEDV-N蛋白的3D结构,并根据生物信息学软件DNA-Star预测PEDV-N蛋白的二级结构、抗原性、亲水性和表面可及性分析,综合分析预测其B细胞抗原表位。经预测PEDV-N蛋白氨基酸序列中存在13个B细胞优势抗原表位区域。研究结果将进一步为PEDV-N蛋白体外表达产物的应用及研制基因工程疫苗提供理论基础。     

利用三维超声VCI—C与MRI观察胎儿小脑蚓部发育不良对比研究

目的探讨三维超声容积对比成像C平面技术（Volume Contrast Imaging—Cplane,VCI—C）与MRI两种影像学方法在评估胎JLd,脑蚓部发育不良的价值．方法对小脑蚓部发育正常组胎儿30例和小脑蚓部发育不良组胎儿14例分别行VCI．C及MRI检查,测量胎儿小脑蚓部的高度、前后径和面积;测量脑干-小脑蚓部夹角（brainstem—vermis angle,BV角）、脑干一小脑幕夹角（brainstem—tentorium angle,BT角）,采用配对t检验评估两种影像手段的一致性．结果VCI—C技术与MRI两种方法在测量正常对照组胎儿小脑蚓部的高度、前后径和面积及BV角、BT角差异不具有统计学意义（P〉0．05）,可认为两种影像学方法在测量正常对照组胎儿小脑蚓部的高度、前后径和面积及BV角、BT角方面具有一致性;VCI－C技术与MRI两种方法测量小脑蚓部发育不良组胎儿小脑蚓部的高度、前后径和面积及BV角、BT角差异不具有统计学意义（P〉0．05）,可认为两种影像学方法在测量小脑蚓部发育不良组胎儿小脑蚓部的高度、前后径和面积及BV角、BT角方面具有一致性．结论两种方法在评估胎儿小脑蚓部发育不良方面具有一致性,VCI—C技术可作为产前诊断与鉴别诊断胎儿小脑蚓部发育不良的常规检查手段．     

An oculo-cerebellar syndrome caused by congenital bovine viral diarrhoea virus-infection

An epizootic characterized by birth of calves severly ataxic and blind were encountered in 3 herds 7–8 months after outbreaks of bovine virus diarrhoea. Serological and virological investigations indicated introduction of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) into previously virus-free herds, followed by transplacental virus infection of the fetuses of cows in the first trimester. Clinical, pathological, serological, and microbiological examinations were performed on 10 calves. Pathological findings included microcephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia, ocular malformations, and thymic hypoplasia. BVDV was isolated from tissue and blood of 7 calves, and 4 calves, 1 of which had not received colostrum, had virus-specific neutralizing antibodies.This is the first report on natural occurrence of congenital bovine infection with BVDV among Danish cattle herds resulting in abortion and birth of calves with severe debilitating congenital anomalies. It draws attention to the importance of this virus for bovines of all age groups.     

Etiology of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is the most common congenital heart disease in dogs and usually causes heart failure and death unless corrected at a young age. Previous histologic studies in a line of dogs derived from Miniature Poodles with hereditary PDA identified varying degrees of hypoplasia and asymmetry of ductus-specific smooth muscle and the presence of aortalike elastic tissue in the ductus wall sufficient to cause patency. To determine if similar structural abnormalities cause PDA in other dogs, serial-section, 3-dimensional histology of ductal architecture was studied in 8 non-Poodle purebred dogs with PDA with no immediate family history of PDA. Morphologic abnormalities were observed in 7 of 8 dogs with PDA and essentially were the same as those in dogs known to have a hereditary form of PDA. These findings suggest that apparently sporadic PDA in these breeds is caused by a genetic defect in the structure of the ductus arteriosus that is similar or identical to that in the Poodle. The relatives of dogs with PDA, particularly parents, offspring, and siblings, should be screened for evidence of PDA. Dogs with PDA should not be used for breeding, regardless of breed.     

猪流行性腹泻病毒S2基因B细胞表位的筛选及其单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的 应用生物学软件与单克隆抗体技术相结合的方法鉴定PEDV S2基因B细胞表位肽。方法 利用CLC Sequence viewer 6.8软件及在线数据库IEDB筛选出PEDV S2基因B细胞表位,并人工合成表位肽。将表位肽与钥孔血蓝蛋白（KLH）耦联后作为抗原,免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠,通过ELISA法筛选出抗体效价较高的小鼠进行1次加强免疫,3 d后取脾脏制备脾细胞悬液进行细胞融合。经HAT选择培养基培养筛选有效杂交瘤细胞,采用ELISA法筛选阳性克隆继续进行扩大培养。将部分阳性杂交瘤细胞进行小鼠腹腔注射,并收集腹水。通过ELISA方法分别检测小鼠腹水和单克隆细胞株培养上清液抗体效价,确定最高效价作为后备细胞株。结果 筛选出B细胞表位肽序列为:MQYVYTPTYYML;免疫多肽抗原后融合前血清抗体效价达到1:2 000;BALB/c小鼠腹水及单克隆细胞株培养物上清液ELISA检测结果显示抗体效价达到1:4 000。结论 筛选出了PEDV S2基因B细胞表位,为PEDV表位肽疫苗载体构建研究提供参考。     

VH1-44 gene usage defines a subset of canine B-cell lymphomas associated with better patient survival

The use of specific immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (VH) genes has been associated with increased patient survival in human B-cell lymphomas (hBCL). Given the similarity of human and canine BCL (cBCL) in morphology and clinical treatment, we examined the choice of VH in cBCL and determined whether VH gene selection was a distinct feature associated with survival time in dogs. VH gene selection and mutational status in 52 cBCL, including 29 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (cDLBCL, the most common subtype of cBCL), were analyzed by comparison with the 80 published canine germline VH gene sequences. We further examined the prognostic impact of the subgroups defined by these features on canine survival. We found that VH1-44 was preferentially expressed in the majority of the 52 cBCLs (60%) as well as in the majority of the cDLBCL subset (59%). VH1-44 gene expression was associated with a statistically better overall survival (p = 0.039) in cBCL patients, as well as in the cDLBCL subset of patients (p = 0.038). These findings suggest that VH gene selection in cBCL is not random and may therefore have functional implications for cBCL lymphomagenesis, in addition to being a useful prognostic biomarker.     

B细胞淋巴瘤-2家族蛋白与细胞凋亡简

细胞凋亡是由多基因控制的细胞自主有序的死亡,以维持内环境稳定。其在多细胞生物的组织分化、器官发育、机体稳态的维持中有重要意义。细胞凋亡可促进因感染、损伤所致的细胞死亡并被机体清除,临床上细胞凋亡与许多疾病有直接关系。B细胞淋巴瘤-2（Bcl-2）家族蛋白是参与细胞凋亡的重要调节分子,既可抑制也可促进细胞凋亡。作者概述了Bcl-2蛋白家族成员、结构特点、Bcl-2蛋白家族与细胞凋亡的关系及生物学意义。     

USE OF INTRAOPERATIVE MESENTERIC PORTOVENOGRAPHY IN CONGENITAL PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNT SURGERY

A retrospective study of the use of intraoperative mesenteric portovenography (IOMP) in the surgical management of congenital portosystemic shunts in 100 dogs and cats was performed. Each portovenogram was scored using a subjective visual analogue scale (VAS) and was assessed for the presence of portal atresia or hypoplasia. VAS scores and portal hypoplasia assessments were obtained for portovenogram images obtained for each animal both before shunt manipulation (preligation) and following the temporary, complete ligation of the vessel (postligation). In each patient, surgical records were reviewed to ascertain the degree of shunt attenuation that was achieved at surgery. Hepatic portal vasculature was significantly different on postligation compared with preligation IOMP. Sixty-two percent of animals had apparent portal hypoplasia or atresia on their preligation IOMP. The majority of these (81%) had an improvement in portal vasculature on postligation IOMP. It was concluded that both preligation and postligation IOMP provided valuable information regarding the morphology of congenital portosystemic shunts. An accurate assessment of an animal's portal vasculature could only be made following the interpretation of a postligation portovenogram, and these findings significantly influenced the surgical management of the patient. Although individuals with high postligation VAS scores were more likely to achieve full shunt attenuation at surgery, there was no quantifiable relationship between IOMP findings and the degree of shunt attenuation achieved.     

提高细胞融合率和杂交瘤细胞过量生长的方法

B淋巴细胞促分裂素—鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium,STM)细胞壁水溶性蛋白提取物的应用,以及延迟使用HAT的选择性培养基等条件的改进,使细胞融合率提高到90％以上。分泌特异性抗体的杂交瘤细胞系阳性率提高到50％以上。并得到了不同类和亚类的单克隆抗体。本文也对某些影响杂交瘤细胞生长的因素和条件作了讨论。