地毯草研究进展

地毯草与狗牙根、假俭草以及结缕草等草种相比,地毯草的耐旱性一般,耐寒性也相对较差,因而其分布区比狗牙根、假俭草等草种狭小。但地毯草有比较耐湿、耐荫、耐践踏和耐牧的特性,因而在河滩地等土壤湿度较大的环境下或者比较荫蔽的条件下其自然种群比较容易成为优势种,从而被广泛用于园林绿化以及公路护坡等。现在国内外对地毯草的研究还比较少,本文对地毯草的研究进展做了一些介绍,并对如何更好地研究、利用地毯草提出了建议。     

中国地毯草野生种质资源耐旱性变异的初步研究

对我国不同来源地毯草野生种质资源抗旱性的研究结果表明,各供试地毯草的抗旱性与生境有着直接的关系,基本表现为分布于山坡地和路边等旱生环境中的地毯草,其抗旱性也相对较好,而那些在综合评判中表现为抗旱性较差的地毯草,大多是从河滩等湿生环境中采集到的材料。通过对土壤含水量、水分饱和亏缺指数、叶片保水力、游离脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖等与草坪抗旱有关的几个生理生化指标值的试验分析以及综合评判,将饶平地毯草初步确定为耐旱生态型。该生态型具有植株比较低矮,匍匐茎长短轴的差异不明显,叶片相对较小,匍匐茎生长速度和分蘖能力中等特点。     

地毯草耐盐浓度梯度筛选与临界盐浓度研究

以地毯草(Axonopus compressus)为对象,利用水培法进行耐盐鉴定,初步研究不同盐浓度对地毯草坪用品质、叶色和枯黄率的影响,并对地毯草耐盐性进行了评价。结果表明,不同的处理之间存在显著或极显著性差异,在低浓度处理下（0～120 mmol·L-1）,叶色和坪用品质得分6分以上;而在高浓度处理下（140～180 mmol·L-1）,景观价值低于6分。叶片枯黄率与之正好相反,在低浓度下（0～140 mmol·L-1）,枯黄率较低;而在高浓度下（160～180 mmol·L-1）,枯黄率超过50%,从而导致地毯草草坪观赏价值过低。通过建立回归方程,以枯黄率50%作为确定存活的临界值指标,求得地毯草具有盐半致死临界浓度为141 mmol·L-1。     

Sheep performance under intensive continuous grazing of native grasslands of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paspalum notatum</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Axonopus compressus</Emphasis> in the subtropical region of the Highlands of Central Mexico

Liveweight gain was evaluated in tropical Dorper X Pelibuey lambs under intensive continuous grazing of native grasslands dominated by Paspalum notatum (PN) or Axonopus compressus (AC) in the subtropics of Central Mexico. Two trials were undertaken. Trial 1 lasted 12 weeks with 10 lambs (initial weight 18 +/- 2.57 kg, 3 months old) per treatment in 2002, and Trial 2 for 13 weeks with 8 lambs (initial weight 24.0 +/- 2.0 kg, 4 months old) per treatment. Lambs were weighed once per week, and liveweight change was estimated by linear regression over day of the experiment, using individual regression coefficients as unbiased estimates of daily liveweight change; analysed in a random block design. Lambs on Trial 1 gained 0.061 kg/lamb/day on PN and 0.047 kg/lamb/day on AC (P > 0.05) at an overall mean stocking rate of 25 lambs/ha. In Trial 2, liveweight gain was significantly larger in PN (0.060 kg/lamb/day) than on AC (0.043 kg/lamb/day) (P < 0.05), at a mean stocking rate of 21.5 lambs/ha. It is concluded that intensive continuous grazing of native grasslands in the subtropics of the highlands of Central Mexico enables moderate liveweight gains for weaned lambs during the rainy season; with better results in grasslands dominated by Paspalum notatum.     

地毯草光合速率对多环境因子组合的响应分析

用LI—6400光合测定系统测试地毯草光合速率对不同光照强度、温度、湿度等多环境因子组合的响应试验,并对测试结果进行多元一次、多元二次、多元多次回归分析。结果表明:多元多次回归方程对光照强度、温度、湿度等多因子组合下的光合速率变化描述效果最好(R2=0.976),地毯草光合速率与光照强度呈显著ln曲线相关。     

Microhabitat effects on herbaceous nutrient concentrations at the community and species level in Mediterranean open woodlands: the role of species composition

The presence of a woody canopy in open oak woodlands affects not only the nutrition but also the species composition of the herbaceous community. Yet, the contribution of both effects (changes in nutrient concentrations and species composition) to total resources that are captured by the herbaceous community is not well understood. We assessed the mineral nutrition (N, P, K and Ca) of three herbaceous species and the herbaceous community as well as the species composition in contrasting microhabitats (beneath trees, beneath a leguminous shrub and in open spaces). Both trees and shrubs increased the nutrient concentrations of the herbaceous species that were studied, except for Taraxacum officinale. Their effects were less consistent when the entire community was considered and depended upon the nutrient being analysed. Species richness and N, P and K concentrations were positively associated, suggesting that more nutrients are captured by the herbaceous community as diversity increases. Our results suggest a close relationship between species composition and nutritional value at the community level that may explain the discrepancies observed between both levels of analysis (species vs. community). Thus, farm-level strategies based on the whole herbaceous community may overlook processes operating at the species level, which can be relevant to achieve sustainable management.     

周期性去叶对地毯草克隆生长的影响

以地毯草为研究对象,通过随机区组试验,初步研究不同去叶周期对地毯草克隆生长的影响。结果表明,不同的去叶周期之间存在显著或极显著性差异,中等强度去叶(D20)最适宜地毯草的生长。而过度去叶(D10)或长时间未去叶(D60)都抑制了地毯草的正常生长,从而导致地毯草草坪使用价值下降。因此,中度去叶有利于地毯草的克隆生长,提高成坪速率及其观赏价值。     

地毯草对铝胁迫响应及临界浓度的研究

以地毯草为研究对象,利用水培法进行耐铝鉴定,初步研究不同铝浓度处理对地毯草坪用质量、叶色和枯黄率的影响。结果表明,不同处理浓度之间存在显著或极显著性差异,中等浓度(0.72、0.96、1.20 mmol/L)铝处理下,地毯草坪用价值明显优于低浓度(0、0.24、0.48 mmol/L)和高浓度的铝处理(1.68、1.92、2.16 mmol/L),呈抛物线形状;0.72 mmol/L铝处理最适宜地毯草的生长。其它高浓度或低浓度都抑制了地毯草的正常生长,从而导致地毯草草坪使用价值下降。通过建立回归方程,以枯黄率下降50%作为地毯草存活临界铝离子浓度,可得地毯草具有50%存活的临界铝离子浓度为2.04 mmol/L。     

地毯草种质资源耐盐性初步评价

选取相对总茎长、相对总二级分枝数、根冠比、叶片枯黄率和坪用质量5个指标,对不同地理分布的20份地毯草（Axonopus compressus）种质的耐盐性差异进行初步评价,以明确地毯草种质的耐盐性。结果表明,经浓度150 mmol·L-1的盐处理后,不同种质间的生长存在显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）差异,不同指标间的变异系数范围在9.1%~50.9%,其中根冠比最小,而叶片枯黄率最大;部分指标间的相关性存在极显著差异,相关系数最高达-0.927;聚类分析将20份优良品系（种）分为三大类,即耐盐型、中间型和敏盐型。     

地毯草根际固氮菌的分离及鉴定

结合气相色谱仪,利用乙炔还原等方法对地毯草(Axonopus compressus)根际固氮菌进行分离和鉴定。结果表明,从地毯草根际土壤中分离获得6株固氮菌株,菌株的固氮酶活性相差较大(92.5 C2H4~295.2 C2H4nmol.mL-1.h-1),菌株hnN2及hnN6具有较高的固氮酶活性(>200 C2H4nmol.mL-1.h-1);菌株经鉴定分属Bacillus(2株)、Azotobacte(r 3株)和Pseudomona(s 1株)3个属。