Conjunctival xanthoma in a blue and gold macaw (Ara ararauna)

A 17-year-old female blue and gold macaw ( Ara ararauna ) presented for evaluation of a discreet, conjunctival mass of the OD. No other abnormalities were found on ophthalmic or physical examination. A heterophilic leukocytosis was present on the complete blood count, and elevated aspartate aminotransferase activity, creatinine kinase activity and cholesterol were present on the plasma biochemistry panel. Surgical removal of the mass was complete and no recurrence has occurred by six months after excision. Reduction of dietary fats was recommended to reduce serum cholesterol levels and reduce the likelihood of future occurrence of xanthomas in this bird.     

The pharmacokinetics of cytarabine administered at three distinct subcutaneous dosing protocols in dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin

The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the standard cytarabine (Ara‐C) protocol (50 mg/m² subcutaneously every 12 hr for 2 days) used for dogs with neuroinflammatory disease and compare it to two more practical protocols (a single 200 mg/m² subcutaneous dose and two 100 mg/m² subcutaneous doses every 12 hr). Four client‐owned dogs previously diagnosed with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin were administered three distinct Ara‐C protocols with a 21‐day washout between each protocol. A complete blood count was performed seven days after each dosing protocol to assess for clinically relevant myelosuppression. No adverse events were observed. Plasma Ara‐C concentrations were measured using a validated liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry assay. The mean maximal concentrations in this study were 4,230, 9,293, and 16,675 ng/ml for a single dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/m², respectively. There was a linear relationship between dose and drug exposure. Drug exposure was similar regardless of the dosing protocol when the total dose was analyzed, with an area under the concentration versus time curve of 37,026, 38,465, and 32,510 ng × hr/ml for 50, 100, and 200 mg/m², respectively.     

Fatty acid profiles of crop contents of free-living psittacine nestlings and of commercial hand-feeding formulas

Research on psittacine nutrition is limited, and nestling requirements are poorly understood. This study analysed fatty acid (FA) profiles of crop contents of free-living scarlet macaws (Ara macao, n = 18), red-and-green macaws (Ara chloropterus, n = 5), Cuban parrots (Amazona leucocephala bahamensis, n = 27), lilac-crowned Amazons (Amazona finschi, n = 33) and thick-billed parrots (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha, n = 32). The same analysis was carried out on 15 commercial parrot hand-feeding formulas. The mean FA concentration of the crop samples of each species ranged from 15% to 53% DM for crop samples and ranged from 6% to 22% for hand-feeding formulas. Long-chain FA represented over 92% of all FA in the crop samples and over 81% of all FA in the commercial formulas. Parrot species shared similarities in saturation profiles of crop samples, ranging between 13%–29% saturated fatty acids (SFA), 12%–40% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and 39%–58% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). All studied psittacines, except for the red-and-green macaw, were within the range of values for hand-rearing formulas. Palmitic acid was the most common SFA in scarlet macaws, red-and-green macaws, Cuban parrot, thick-billed parrot and in all but one commercial formula. Palmitic and stearic acids dominated the SFA in the samples of the Lilac-crowned Amazon. Oleic acid was the most common MUFA in all hand-feeding formulas as well as in the crop samples, except for the lilac-crowned amazon and the thick-billed parrot where vaccenic acid dominated. Linoleic acid was by far the most common PUFA found in the crop samples as well as in the hand-feeding formulas. PUFA were largely dominated by the n6 family, both in the crop samples and the formulas. The data presented on nestling diets of free-living parrot species provide a foundation for future researchers to test whether increasing FA concentration in hand-feeding formulas improves nestling development or if species-specific formulas will be advantageous.     

花生致敏蛋白Ara h1与咖啡酸互作对其抗原性的影响

为探寻适宜的花生脱敏方法,该文研究了花生致敏蛋白Ara h1与咖啡酸互作对其抗原性的影响,利用荧光光谱、紫外光谱和间接ELISA法对碱法、酶法、自由基法处理后的咖啡酸蛋白复合物抗原性变化进行了分析,并对碱法互作反应温度、反应时间、pH值、咖啡酸浓度进行优化。结果表明：在温度33.2 ℃、时间25 h、pH值8.67和咖啡酸浓度1.76 mg/mL时,咖啡酸与花生致敏蛋白Ara h1碱法互作后其抗原性降至69.31%,接枝量为119.16 nmol/mg。碱法处理后,咖啡酸与花生致敏蛋白Ara h1互作能降低致敏蛋白抗原性,研究结果可为花生脱敏处理提供参考。     

60Co-γ辐照对花生过敏原Ara h 2蛋白构象及致敏活性的影响

为探讨辐照处理对花生Ara h 2蛋白结构与致敏活性的影响,采用不同剂量⁶⁰Co-γ辐照处理分离纯化所得到的花生过敏原Ara h 2蛋白,结合紫外扫描光谱、圆二色谱(CD)和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)评估辐照处理后Ara h 2蛋白的结构变化,并用免疫印迹法和间接酶联免疫吸附法检测辐照处理后Ara h 2的抗原性变化。结果表明,⁶⁰Co-γ辐照处理可以显著改变花生Ara h 2蛋白的构象,使其降解、发生交联。随着辐照剂量的增大,Ara h 2蛋白与抗体的结合能力呈逐渐下降趋势,且与蛋白紫外吸光度的增强和α-螺旋含量的降低呈现良好的相关性。当辐照剂量为10 kGy时,可基本破坏 Ara h 2 蛋白的结构和免疫活性。⁶⁰Co-γ辐照处理可以有效降低花生过敏原 Ara h 2 蛋白的致敏性,这为花生脱敏技术的研究提供了新思路。     

新时期中国土壤科学发展现状与战略思考

土壤科学在保障国家农业可持续发展和生态文明建设中具有重要的学科战略地位。本文全面扼要分析了国内外土壤科学研究现状和发展态势,结合未来土壤科学发展的国家战略需求与关键科学问题,梳理了未来5～10年我国土壤科学拟重点发展地球关键带过程与土壤功能演变、农田土壤健康与质量提升理论与技术、区域土壤复合污染过程与绿色修复、土壤生物过程与功能等优先领域和重要方向,以期进一步推动我国土壤科学跨越式发展。     

经基因工程改造的花生主要过敏原Arah2制备及其低致敏原性鉴定

构建经基因工程改造的Ara h 2表达载体,表达并纯化该蛋白,鉴定其过敏原性.将花生主要过敏原Arah2基因序列进行颠换,并将颠换后的序列进行合成,再将合成后的基因克隆到原核表达载体pET -32a(+)上,然后转入Origami宿主表达菌中;利用Isopropyl β-D -1 - Thiogalactopyrano...     

小金刚鹦鹉的饲养与繁育

以广州动物园和广州鹦鹉研究中心饲养的3对小金刚鹦鹉及其于2008-2013年间产下的72枚卵和孵化出的37只幼年鹦鹉为研究对象,探讨了成年小金刚鹦鹉在圈养条件下的饲养和繁殖过程,包括巢箱的设计制作、人工孵化、人工育雏、饲料配方等,并以收集自然育雏条件下雏鸟增重的资料为依据,对人育锥幼年鹦鹉的饲喂量和饲喂方式进行了探讨。结果表明：小金刚鹦鹉自然孵化的时间为28-30 d,种类丰富和营养均衡的日粮有利于小金刚鹦鹉的繁殖;繁殖巢箱的设计与挂置应满足亲鸟的繁殖需求,人工孵育可以提高小金刚鹦鹉繁殖率和成活率,可分别达300%和100%。     

灌浆期小麦籽粒水溶性戊聚糖含量、粘度的动态变化及其相互关系研究

选取豫麦50号、豫麦34号和河北8901三个河南省主栽小麦品种,研究了灌浆期小麦籽粒水溶性戊聚糖(WSP)含量、水溶性戊聚糖阿拉伯糖和木糖比值(Ara/Xyl)以及籽粒提取液粘度的动态变化,并分析了小麦籽粒WSP与籽粒提取液粘度之间的关系。结果表明,在籽粒发育过程中,WSP含量变幅为1.51%~5.91%,呈现先降后略升的变化趋势。Ara/Xyl比值和籽粒提取液粘度均表现先升后降的变化趋势。相关分析表明,籽粒提取液粘度与水溶性戊聚糖含量呈负相关关系,与Ara/Xyl比值呈正相关关系。在供试3个品种中,豫麦34号的粘度值和Ara/Xyl比值均高于其他2个品种。