半滑舌鳎源美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种的分离鉴定

2016年5月河北省秦皇岛市昌黎县某海水养殖基地半滑舌鳎突发大批死亡,为了确定引起死亡的病原菌,无菌采集心血进行病原菌分离鉴定,16S rDNA基因序列分析与GenBank中公布的美人鱼发光杆菌参考株序列同源性为99.6%,被鉴定为美人鱼发光杆菌;进一步通过生化特性分析,被确认为美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种。动物回归试验结果表明,其对舌鳎鱼具有很强的致病性,其LD_(50)为3.1×10~4CFU/mL,且对哺乳动物具有致病性。药敏试验结果显示,分离菌对诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星,乙酰甲喹高度敏感;对多西环素、阿米卡星中敏感;对庆大霉素、头孢曲松、替米考星等不敏感。     

Salmonella Gallinarum field isolates and its relationship to vaccine strain SG9R

1. The aim of the present study was to determine if the 9R-strain of the Salmonella Gallinarum live vaccine was responsible for having fowl typhoid outbreaks in chicken flocks from both chicken and turkey breeders as well as to verify the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates from the outbreaks.

2. The triplex polymerase chain reaction, standard antimicrobial test, beta-lactamase genes identification and Ion Torrent PMG whole-genome sequence were used in the field isolates and in the vaccine strain of S. Gallinarum.

3. The 60 tested isolates were not from vaccine origin and manifested high resistance to drugs from macrolide and quinolone groups. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis on selected isolates for core genes from Salmonella enterica confirmed the wild origin of these isolates and showed two possible sources of S. Gallinarum in the studied outbreaks.

4. S. Gallinarum isolated from fowl typhoid outbreaks in the studied period were not caused by the use of the SG9R live vaccine. The source of strains sequenced was diverse.     

Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella on midwest and northeast USA dairy farms

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolated from dairy herds in New York, Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin, USA. Serogroup and antimicrobial susceptibility characteristics were determined for Salmonella from cattle and environmental samples collected during August 2000–October 2001 as part of a longitudinal study where 129 herds were visited at 2-month intervals. Salmonella isolates were tested (using a broth microdilution method) for susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Of the 1506 isolates tested for minimum inhibitory concentrations to these 14 antimicrobial agents, 81.2% were pan-susceptible and for most herds (81.6%) the predominant antimicrobial resistance pattern was pan-susceptible. At least 1 Salmonella isolate resistant to 5 or more antimicrobial agents was found on 23.6% of herds. This resistance phenotype was most common among serogroups B and E1 and among samples from calves and farmer-designated sick cows. Resistant samples most frequently exhibited resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, and/or ampicillin. No samples were resistant to ceftriaxone (though 13 were in the intermediate range), and very few samples were resistant to ciprofloxacin (n = 1), nalidixic acid (n = 5), or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 7).     

黄芪多糖和2株益生菌体外抑菌作用研究

采用吸光度法研究了黄芪多糖在体外对2株益生菌(乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌)和3株致病菌(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌)的作用,以及2株益生菌对3株致病菌的作用。结果表明:10 mg/L,20 mg/L和40 mg/L的黄芪多糖对2株益生菌均有显著抑制作用(P<0.05),对3株致病菌,除10 mg/L浓度对大肠杆菌作用不显著(P>0.05)外,其余均显著抑制了致病菌生长(P<0.05),且以20 mg/L效果最佳;乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌对3株致病菌均有显著抑制作用(P<0.05)。试验结果显示:黄芪多糖和2株有益菌在体外均能抑制致病菌的生长,且黄芪多糖对2株益生菌存在抑制作用。     

食品抗菌包装系统的研究与展

由于人们对食品安全、货架期延长、成本效益、环境问题和消费便利性要求的提高,食品包装技术也得到了充分的发展,为了提高包装的性能,满足人们的需求,活性包装技术便应运而生.食品抗菌包装技术是活性包装技术的一种, 它可以有效地抑制食品表面的微生物,延长食品的货架期,保证食品品质.本文主要论述了抗菌包装技术类型以及它们在食品中的应用,并对抗菌包装系统中无机抗菌剂、有机抗菌剂和天然抗菌剂作了概括.最后,本文对抗菌包装技术未来发展趋势作了描述.     

白绒红蛋鸟巢菌发酵液提取物的抑菌活性

对白绒红蛋鸟巢菌[Nidula niveotomentosa(P.Henn)Lloyd]发酵液的正丁醇提取物进行抑菌试验,结果显示:正丁醇提取物对土曲霉、绳状青霉、产黄青霉、宛氏拟青霉和青霉均有较强的抑制作用。不同浓度处理时,提取物对霉菌的抑制作用呈极显著差异。且抑菌作用随浓度的增大而增强。结果还显示:提取物对细菌和植物病原菌无抑菌活性。且提取物对土曲霉、绳状青霉、产黄青霉的MIC为6.25 mg/mL,对宛氏青霉和青霉的MIC为12.5 mg/mL。     

丁香油抑菌成分研究

利用滤纸片法和固体稀释法对丁香油进行了抑菌活性测定,结果表明丁香油对5种植物病原菌有不同程度的抑制作用,其抑菌成分为丁香酚。丁香油对白菜黑斑、小麦纹枯的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.625mg/mL,对玉米大斑、葡萄炭疽、番茄黑霉的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.3125 mg/mL。     

牙鲆抗菌肽hepcidin基因在成鱼组织和不同发育时期胚胎中的表达分析

抗菌肽hepcidin是由hepcidin基因编码产生的小分子多肽,是机体天然免疫的重要因子。本文利用RT-PCR的方法分析表明,抗菌肽hepcidin基因在牙鲆成鱼不同组织和不同发育时期胚胎中普遍表达,但是表达水平存在着明显的差异。