不同种类杀虫剂对斜纹夜蛾的药效评价

通过室内测定和田间药效试验，评价了有机磷、拟除虫菊酯、氨基甲酸酯、昆虫生长调节剂、苯基吡唑类、抗生素及植物性农药等７大类杀虫剂对斜纹夜蛾的效应，结果表明，毒死蜱、保得、万灵及抑太保对斜纹夜蛾具有优良的防效，可作为首选杀虫剂进行交替使用     

1.2%苦·烟乳油防治青海云杉梢斑螟的药效试验

应用1.2%苦.烟乳油与0号柴油混合进行喷烟防治青海云杉梢斑螟幼虫,结果表明1.2%苦.烟乳油与0号柴油的配比在1：9以上,用药量13.3ml hm-2以上进行喷烟防治,梢斑螟的虫口减退率可达85%以上,最高可达90%。     

几种除草剂对春麦田禾本科杂草的防除效果

野燕麦、旱雀麦是青海春麦田主要的禾本科杂草,发生普遍,危害严重.为控制其危害,对目前开发出来的6种防除麦田禾本科杂草的除草剂进行了田间药效试验,结果表明:50g/L炔草酸·唑啉草脂EC 600mL/hm2、150g/L麦极WP 300g/hm、69g/L骠马EW 750mL/hm2对野燕麦的防效分别达到98.80%、9...     

1．6％胺鲜酯对水稻生长影响及增产作用研究

[目的]研究1．6％胺鲜酯对水稻生长和增产作用。[方法]在田间小区试验条件下,研究试验药剂不同使用剂量对水稻生长、增产效果和田间应用安全性。[结果]1．6％胺鲜酯水剂制剂稀释1000—1500倍,连续用药2次,水稻增产率达6．51％以上,与对照药剂相当,对环境和作物安全。[结论]1．6％胺鲜酯水剂是调节水稻生长性状和增产增效较为理想的药剂。     

生物农药对鲜食玉米田玉米螟的防效试验

针对当前鲜食玉米生产中过量施用高毒高残留农药等问题,本试验选用Bt、苦参碱、米乐尔、杀虫双、毒死蜱和辛硫磷6种药剂,研究了不同药剂对鲜食玉米田玉米螟的防治效果。结果表明,6种药剂均能显著降低玉米的被害株率,Bt与苦参碱对玉米螟的防治效果最好,其最终防效分别为90.2%、86.3%;其次为米乐尔和杀虫双,防效分别为80.4%和74.5%;毒死蜱与辛硫磷防效较差,防效分别为66.7%和62.7%。     

不同种类杀虫剂对小菜蛾的防治效果

通过室内测定和田间药效试验,对有机磷、拟除虫菊酯、氨基甲酸酯、昆虫生长调节剂、抗生素等９大类１９种杀虫剂防治小菜蛾的效果进行了评价。结果表明,有１４种常用杀虫剂对杭州地区小菜蛾的防效不理想,虫螨光、锐劲特、除尽、Ｂｔ和宝路等５种杀虫剂具有优良的防效,可作为首选药剂在生产上推广使用。     

2.5%保得乳油对小麦蚜虫控制作用的研究

对不同剂量的2.5%保得乳油防治麦蚜的效果进行了评价。结果表明,2.5%保得乳油施用有效成分为7.50、6.25g/hm2时,其防效均极显著优于对照药剂处理的防效,持效期达7d以上,对小麦生长安全无害。     

Pyrantel resistance in two herds of donkey in the UK

Resistance to currently available anthelmintics is a serious phenomenon which is prevalent globally. Cyathostomins are one of the major parasites, and are of primary concern in donkeys. There have been reports of emerging resistance to pyrantel, but the status of pyrantel resistance in donkey populations in the UK is largely unknown. This report investigates pyrantel resistance in two geographically isolated donkey herds in the South West of England. The first herd had suspected pyrantel resistance, with already established resistance to other anthelmintics. In the second herd the efficacy of pyrantel was not suspected at the time the study took place. Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) was carried out, revealing large scale resistance. Eighty one percent of the first herd and 73% of the second herd had a FEC of less than 95% after treatment, and anthelmintic resistance was confirmed using the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology guidelines. These findings indicate that anthelmintic resistance to pyrantel exists in both tested donkey populations and illustrate the continuing development of resistance through different classes of chemotherapeutics.     

High level of treatment failure with commonly used anthelmintics on Irish sheep farms

Background

In 2013 a Technology Adoption Program for sheep farmers was established to encourage the implementation of best management practices on sheep farms in Ireland. There were 4,500 participants in this programme in 2013. As part of this programme, farmers had the option to carry out a drench test to establish the efficacy of their anthelmintic treatment.

Results

Flock faecal samples were collected before and after treatment administration and gastrointestinal nematode eggs enumerated. In total there were 1,893 participants in the task, however only 1,585 included both a pre- and post-treatment faecal sample. Of those, 1,308 provided information on the anthelmintic product that they used with 46%, 23% and 28% using a benzimidazole (BZ), levamisole (LEV) and macrocyclic lactone (ML) product respectively. The remaining farmers used a product inapplicable for inclusion in the task such as a flukicide or BZ/LEV combination product. Samples were included for analysis of drench efficacy if the pre-treatment flock egg count was ≥200 eggs per gram and the interval post-sampling was 10–14 days for BZ products, 4–7 days for LEV products and 14–18 days for ML products. These criteria reduced the number of valid tests to 369, 19.5% of all tests conducted. If the reduction post-treatment was ≥95% the treatment was considered effective. Only 51% of treatments were considered effective using this criterion. There was a significant difference in efficacy between the anthelmintic drug classes with BZ effective in only 30% of treatments, LEV effective in 52% of cases and ML effective in 76% of cases.

Conclusions

Gastrointestinal nematode anthelmintic treatments, as practiced on Irish farms, have a high failure rate. There was a significant difference between the efficacies of the anthelmintic classes with BZ the least effective and ML the most effective.