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动物胚胎移植实际是生产胚胎的供体和养育胚胎的受体分工合作繁殖后代的过程。其目的是使经济效益低、生产性能不高、不符合社会需要和人们生活需求的母畜作为受体生产出经济效益高、生产性能好、符合社会和人们需求的良种后代,以便迅速增加良种畜禽的数量,大大提高受体母畜的繁殖效率和经济效益。本文就国内外和甘肃省的胚胎移植技术发展概况进行阐述,并从胚胎移植推广应用角度分析了胚胎移植技术存在的主要问题。 相似文献
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环境铅镉污染对动物健康影响的研究 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
分析了白银矿区周围农田土壤、灌溉用水、牧草、农作物、粮食和动物全血、被毛及组织中12种矿物元素的含量,并检测了当地动物组织器官机能和结构的变化。结果表明,工厂在冶炼过程中已造成Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn对周围环境不同程度的污染,其含量极显著高于对照区(P <0.01),其中牧草中Pb、Cd的平均含量是对照区的9和680倍,粮食中为10和35倍,并通过食物链系统导致马和羊发生Pb-Cd联合中毒,呈现典型的低色素小红细胞性贫血和肝脏、肾脏及肺脏等实质器官结构和功能的损伤。同时,动物性食品中Pb、Cd蓄积直接威胁食用者的健康安全。提示动物体内Pb、Cd含量的分析可作为监测环境重金属污染的标识。 相似文献
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水电站开发在解决能源问题、促进经济发展的同时,给库区的陆生动植物带来了深远的影响.对水电站开发对流域内陆生动植物的影响进行了阐述,并提出了生态影响削减和恢复的几点建议,以期为水电站开发提供理论依据. 相似文献
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以海南高速公路(G98)白莲立交至白马井立交段改建工程动物影响后评估为例,探讨了公路改建工程动物影响后评估的方法。结果表明,评价区总体上环境组成相对简单,在水田湿地、旱地和部分灌草丛生境中分布有19种国家级或海南省级重点保护动物,由于原公路工程规划上存在异质性生境附近缺乏有效的防护和隔离措施、缺乏为动物通行的涵洞通道等缺陷,对野生动物的影响较大。在对原公路进行改建过程中,应按照"以新带老"原则,通过适当增加建设防护网、涵洞通道等措施,防止动物在穿越高速公路时产生的碾压、撞死事件或大大降低事件发生的频率。 相似文献
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镰刀菌毒素对动物毒性作用的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
镰刀菌是污染粮食和饲料的主要真菌菌属之一,可产生多种高毒性、低分子量的代谢产物,如玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、T-2毒素等,这些毒素严重威胁动物和人类的健康。摄入镰刀菌毒素可对动物造成多种毒性作用,包括生殖毒性、免疫毒性、肠道毒性、肝肾毒性、细胞毒性及致癌性等。不同类型镰刀菌毒素引起的毒性作用不尽一致,且不同毒素间存在互作效应。为此,本文对单一或混合镰刀菌毒素毒性的研究进展进行了总结和归纳,为镰刀菌毒素的深入研究提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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Tidal Breathing Flow‐Volume Loop Analysis for the Diagnosis and Staging of Tracheal Collapse in Dogs
D. Pardali K.K. Adamama‐Moraitou T.S. Rallis D. Raptopoulos D. Gioulekas 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(4):832-842
Background: Tracheoscopy is generally used for the diagnosis of tracheal collapse (TC) in dogs; yet, it is costly, requires anesthesia, and can irritate the airway. The tidal breathing flow‐volume loop (TBFVL) is a safe, quick, and noninvasive pulmonary function test currently used in humans. Hypothesis: TBFVL will differentiate dogs with TC from healthy controls and contribute to disease grading. Animals: Twenty‐eight dogs with naturally occurring TC and 10 healthy controls. Methods: Cross‐sectional, prospective clinical study: The 38 dogs were assigned to one of 4 groups based on tracheoscopy results: group A (n = 10, healthy controls), group B (n = 10, grade I TC), group C (n = 10, grade II TC), and group D (n = 8, grade III TC). The TBFVL measurement was performed on all dogs and loops were assessed for their shape. Forty‐four TBFVL parameters were calculated. Results: Two types of TBFVL shapes were identified: Type I, representative of the 10 healthy controls, and Type II, representative of the 28 dogs with TC. Statistical analysis showed the dogs could be differentiated into healthy or affected by TC by 3 indices, TE/TI (expiratory time divided by inspiratory time), TI/TTOT (inspiratory time divided by total respiratory time), and EF75/IF75 (expiratory flow at end tidal volume plus 75% end tidal volume divided by inspiratory flow at end tidal volume plus 75% end tidal volume). The TC could also be graded as mild‐moderate (grades I and II) or severe (grade III), showing a diagnostic value of 97.4%. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: TBFVL is accurate, quick, noninvasive, and safe and can contribute to the diagnosis of TC in dogs. 相似文献
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