Chemical composition and pharmacological activity of essential oil of Canarium schweinfurthii

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the resin of Canarium schweinfurthii growing in Central African Republic, was analysed by GC and GC/MS and its analgesic and antiinflammatory effects were studied. The major constituents of the essential oil were octylacetate (60%) and nerolidol (14%). At the doses of 1, 2 and 3 ml/kg i.p. essential oil shows a significant analgesic effect using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate methods. However, its was unable to reduce inflammatory process in cotton pellet induced granuloma method.     

千年健镇痛抗炎药理研究

[目的]研究千年健药材水提物和醇提物的镇痛抗炎作用。[方法]采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀模型观察千年健的抗炎作用;冰醋酸致小鼠扭体试验观察千年健的镇痛作用。[结果]与正常对照组相比,千年健水提和醇提部位的高、低剂量组能明显降低小鼠耳廓的耳肿胀度,且有显著性差异(P<0.05);千年健水提和醇提部位的高、低剂量组能明显减少0.7%冰醋酸致小鼠的扭体反应次数,且有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。[结论]千年健药材具有良好的镇痛抗炎作用。     

复方牛山参口服液镇痛抗炎作用药化试验研究

[目的]为复方牛山参口服液的临床应用提供参考。[方法]以昆明种小白鼠为试验动物,10ml／kg生理盐水处理为空白对照,研究25ml／kg消炎痛及2．5、5．0、10、20g/kg复方牛山参口服液灌胃处理对小白鼠扭体反应和耳廓肿胀的影响,考察复方牛山参口服液镇痛抗炎作用的量效、时效关系。[结果]25ml／kg消炎痛及2．5、5．0、10、20g／kg复方牛山参口服液对小白鼠扭体次数的抑制率分别为81．73％、33．65％、38．46％、50．48％、76．73％,对小白鼠耳廓肿胀的抑制率分别为15．14％、6．23％、5．20％、18．20％、27．22％;5．0g／kg复方牛山参口服液灌胃处理0、1、2、3、6．5h后,扭体鼠发生率分别为50％、50％、10％、10％、0。[结论]复方牛山参口服液的镇痛作用较消炎痛稍差,但其对小白鼠耳廓肿胀的抑制作用优于消炎痛。     

中药清温消热饮的抗炎镇痛活性研究

为了研究清温消热饮的抗炎、镇痛作用,选择清洁级昆明系小鼠144只作为试验对象,采用小鼠炎性肿胀、疼痛反应模型对其进行药效学综合分析,结果显示,清温消热饮对小鼠的耳廓肿胀和足趾肿胀的4 h抑制率分别为23%和59.34%,与西药对照组地塞米松治疗效果无差异性(P0.05),与空白对照组比较差异极显著(P0.01)。同时,清温消热饮组能延长小鼠疼痛反应时间和有效减少小鼠扭体反应次数,表现出与空白对照组显著差异(P0.01)。结果表明清温消热饮抗炎效果显著,并具有良好的镇痛作用,试验为该中药方剂的进一步研发提供了支持。     

Effect of the analgesic butorphanol on activity behaviour in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)

During fattening, the bodyweight of modern broad-breasted turkeys increases considerably within a very short space of time. In particular, the breast muscles increase disproportionately. This leads to a disadvantageous distribution in weight, and as a consequence, to a disturbed leg position and skeletal deformations like antitrochanteric degeneration, tibial dyschondroplasia, bending, twisting and rotation of the tibia, osteochondrosis, osteomyelitis, rickets, and epiphyseolysis of the femoral head increases. This cases of degenerative joint disease cause severe pain in humans and there are indications that this is also true for turkeys. The purpose of this study was to determine if behaviour indicative of such pain in turkeys of the B.U.T. Big 6 breeding line could be attenuated by administering a quick-acting analgesic, butorphanol. Twelve pairs of turkeys were tested at the ages of 7 and 12 weeks. One bird in each pair received an analgesic opioid injection, while the other one received a control injection of physiologically balanced saline solution. The time the birds spent putting weight on their legs, i.e., 'walking' and 'standing' and the distance covered by the birds were recorded during the 30 min periods before and after the application of the drug. At week seven the treated birds spent significantly more time putting weight on their legs than control birds. At week 12, the same tendency was observed. No significant differences were found in the distances covered by the animals. It is concluded that fattening turkeys reduce the time they are putting weight on their legs because these behaviours may be associated with pain.     

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the ethanolic extract and its fractions of Cleome rutidosperma

Oral administration of the ethanolic extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o) and its fractions (200 mg/kg each) of the aerial parts of Cleome rutidosperma produced significant analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion tests, anti-inflammatory effect against carrageenin induced inflammation and adjuvant induced polyarthritis and antipyretic activity against yeast-induced pyrexia. Fractionation of the ethanolic extract potentiated the activities.     

Evaluation of Plasma Detectable Concentrations of Two Lidocaine Transdermal Formulations and Their Analgesic Effect in the Horse

Transdermal absorption of four lidocaine (L) patches (5%) was compared with the transdermal absorption of L cream (5%) to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the two formulations applied on the same anatomic region under dressing in eight horses. The animals were also assessed for antinociceptive effect after removal of the patches and cream, using a psychophysical method visual analog scale, by pricking the patient's skin to test the response to pain. Horses were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: in groups I and II, four L patches were applied for a period of 24 hours with and without alcohol precleaning, respectively; in group III, 5% L cream was applied every 2 hours over a 24-hour period on the same anatomic site. Group IV was the control. No clinical side effects were noted with either formulation. L was detectable in plasma 6 to 24 hours after application of the patches, and the highest plasma concentrations were reached between 12 and 18 hours. The use of alcohol to preclean the skin appeared to reduce the transdermal drug absorption over time. After L cream application, the peak plasma drug concentration occurred at 24 hours. Nociception assessment after L patch or L cream application showed a decreased response when the L cream was used. The results of this study showed that there was minimal absorption from the L patches compared with the L cream in horses. Also, the L cream treatment reduced significantly the intensity of nociception quality as measured by the visual analog scale.     

苗药铁筷子挥发油镇痛作用及急性毒性研究

[目的]研究苗药铁筷子挥发油的镇痛及急性毒性作用。[方法]采用小鼠扭体致痛法和热板致痛法考察苗药铁筷子挥发油的镇痛作用,并采用改良寇氏法测定其LD50及95%可信区间。[结果]铁筷子挥发油对由冰醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应有明显的抑制作用,可以提高小鼠热板法的痛阈值;铁筷子挥发油对小鼠灌胃的LD50为8.50 ml/kg,95%的可信区间为7.20～10 ml/kg。[结论]铁筷子挥发油具有明显的镇痛作用,且毒性相对较低。     

Neolignans and flavonoids from the root bark of Illicium henryi

Two new neolignans (1 and 2) were isolated from the root bark of Illicium henryi, along with four known neolignans and seven known flavonoids (3–13). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods. The absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by the CD spectrum.