Presence of Antimicrobials in Postrace Samples in Japanese Thoroughbred Racing

Ever since ‘One Health’ concept was introduced in early 2000s, judicious use of antimicrobials by veterinarians has become an issue of great concern. Recently, findings of anti-inflammatory effects in certain types of antimicrobials have raised a subject for discussion among racing authorities. Regulatory framework of antimicrobials in racing should be based on best interest of horse welfare and doping control perspective, but basic data on prevalence of antimicrobials are lacking. Analysis of 100 postrace urinary samples collected from 10 Japanese racecourses by targeting 21 antimicrobials using ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry resulted in detection of ceftiofur, cefalotin, cefalotin metabolite, dihydrostreptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, and oxytetracycline. Detection of antimicrobials critically important for resistance in human medicine was limited to a single sample. Oxytetracycline, which is known to possess anti-inflammatory effects, was detected in three samples. This may suggest the need for establishing a regulatory framework from doping control perspective and further studies to clarify pharmacologically relevant concentration of antimicrobials with such properties.     

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterococcus strains isolated from poultry faeces

We have investigated the resistance of Enterococcus isolated from poultry faeces to antibiotics commonly used as therapy of enterococcal infections. Identification was made by the method of Facklam and Collins. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin and teicoplanin were determined and high level aminoglycoside resistance was investigated. Genes codifying high level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) were determined by PCR. Fifty five Enterococcus strains were isolated (63.6% E. faecalis, 12.7% E. mundtii, 9.1% E. faecium, 7.3% E. casseliflavus, 3.7% E. durans and 3.6% E. hirae). None of the strains were resistant to VAN, TEC, P or AM. HLAR was found in 34.5% of strains for SM, 27.3% for KM and 7.3% for GM. The gene for the bifunctional enzyme was found only in one strain, that showed HLAR to GM and KM. Fourteen strains harboured the gene aph(3')-III, being 11 resistant to KM and STR, and three resistant to GM, KM and STR. The remaining six strains showed HLAR to STR, but were negative for the three genes tested by PCR. The gene ant(4'4") was not detected in any of the strains. No unexpected vancomycin resistance was detected. The resistance rates among poultry strains were lower than those found among human strains isolated from hospital patients in recent Canary studies.     

Effect of Momordica charantia L. in the resistance to aminoglycosides in methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

In this study the ethanol extract (EEMC) of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) was tested for its modifying antibiotic activity against a MRSA strain. The growth of an MRSA (SA358) in the absence and presence of aminoglycosides was evaluated. A potentiating effect between this extract and all aminoglycosides was demonstrated. Similarly, the same effect was shown by chlorpromazine on kanamycin, gentamicin and neomycin, indicating the involvement of an efflux system in the resistance to these aminoglycosides. Extracts from M. charantia could be used as a source of plant-derived natural products with resistance-modifying activity. This is the first report about the modifying antibiotic activity of M. charantia, constituting a new weapon against multi-resistant bacteria such as MRSA.     

动物源性食品中氨基糖苷类药物残留检测研究进展

氨基糖苷类药物是畜牧业中广泛应用的一类抗生素,在动物源性食品中的残留可能给人体健康带来严重危害。本文综述了动物源性食品中氨基糖苷类药物残留的主要检测方法,并展望了其发展方向。     

患病和痊愈牦牛源大肠杆菌对氨基糖苷类和磺胺类耐药性比较分析

[目的]为了探讨患病和痊愈牦牛源大肠杆菌的抗菌药物及其耐药性之间的相关性。[方法]采用微量肉汤稀释法对91株牦牛源大肠杆菌进行氨基糖苷类药物(链霉素和庆大霉素)和磺胺类药物(磺胺甲噁唑和磺胺二甲基嘧啶)敏感性试验,同时采用PCR方法检测氨基糖苷类相关耐药基因aac(6’)-Ib、aac(3’)-IV及磺胺类相关耐药基因sul2、sul3的携带情况。[结果]结果表明：39株患病牦牛源菌株对链霉素、庆大霉素、磺胺甲噁唑和磺胺二甲基嘧啶的耐药率分别为30.77%、5.13%、61.54%和87.18%,aac(6’)-Ib、aac(3’)-IV、sul2和sul3的检出率分别为43.59%、25.64%、38.46%和41.03%;52株痊愈牦牛源菌株对链霉素、庆大霉素、磺胺甲噁唑和磺胺二甲基嘧啶的耐药率分别为42.30%、21.15%、94.23%和71.15%,aac(6’)-Ib、aac(3’)-IV、sul2和sul3的检出率分别为71.15%、19.23%、69.23%和51.92%。[结论]试验结果表明,痊愈牦牛源大肠杆菌对氨基糖苷类和磺胺类药物耐药率及相关耐药基因检出率均高于患...