地参多糖对D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用研究

[目的]研究地参多糖(LLP)对D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用。[方法]取昆明种小白鼠50只,随机分为5组。除正常对照组外,其余各组每天于颈背皮下注射D-半乳糖80 mg/kg,连续42 d,造成亚急性衰老模型。在注射D-半乳糖的同时,试验组每天分别灌胃给予地参多糖(LLP)300、200和100 mg/kg,正常对照组及模型对照组给予等量生理盐水。末次给药12 h后,分离血清及肝组织,分别测定各组小鼠衰老相关生化指标。[结果]LLP能拮抗D-半乳糖所致的小鼠衰老,使小鼠血清及肝组织SOD和GSH-Px活性明显回升,MDA的水平下降。[结论]LLP具有一定的抗氧化和抗衰老作用。     

农村老年人社会适应状况调查分析

主要采用问卷调查法,对589位农村老年人进行社会适应性方面的调查分析。结果表明,在农村老年人中,对适应现代老年生活感到困难的老年人占相当大的比例;年龄并不是导致老年人社会适应困难的直接因素,相较而言,身体状况、心理态度等因素对老年人社会适应的影响更大;农村老年人适应社会的主动性不够,在遇到困难时,绝大多数等待外在的支持和帮助而非自身调适。     

Protective effect of folate and vitamin B12 on Alzheimer-like pathological changes in brain of aged rats with hyperhomocysteinemia

AIM:To explore the effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on the Alzheimer-like pathological changes in the brain of aged rat. METHODS:The rats were treated with homocysteine(Hcy) by intravenous injection through vena caudalis with or without a simultaneous supplementation of folate and Vitamin B₁₂(FB) in the drinking water for 28 weeks. The distribution and aggregation of tau protein were detected by Bielschowsky silver staining. Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels of tau phosphorylation, glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK-3β) and protein phosphatase 2A(PP2A). RESULTS:Treatment with Hcy induced hyperhomocysteinemia in aged rats and resulted in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Supplementation of FB effectively reduced the tangles. Hyperhomocysteinemia also induced Alzheimer-like tau hyperphosphorylation at multiple sites(Ser^199/202and Ser³⁹⁶). Hyperhomocysteinemia activated GSK-3β and inhibited the activity of PP2A. Supplementation of FB alleviated the changes of tau and the activities of GSK-3β and PP2A. CONCLUSION:Supplementation of FB ameliorates the hyperhomocysteinemia-induced Alzheimer-like pathological changes of tau protein possibly through regulating the activity of GSK-3β and PP2A in aged rats.     

漳州主要长期蕉园土壤肥力分析与施肥建议

对漳州市种植年限10 a以上主要蕉园土壤养分状况进行调查及评价,为漳州市香蕉园的土壤管理、合理施肥和香蕉产业的可持续发展提供参考。结果表明：漳州市蕉园土壤酸性较强,有机质含量处于中等偏下水平;92.31％的蕉园土壤碱解氮偏低;92.31％的有效磷含量处于极高水平;84.62％的蕉园土壤速效钾处于较高水平。对于中微量元素而言,84.62％的蕉园土壤交换性钙、92.31％的有效硫含量处于适宜香蕉生长的范围,30.77％的土壤交换性镁处于缺乏状态;土壤微量元素中有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌含量丰富,但92.31％的蕉园土壤有效硼含量低于临界值,硼素缺乏严重。因此,为了实现蕉园合理施肥和可持续发展,漳州市长期蕉园应施用石灰类物质或其他碱性肥料提高土壤pH,增施有机肥培肥地力;在施用化肥时,重施氮肥,适量施用硼砂和有机硼肥,适当减少钾肥用量,部分地区增施镁肥。     

PEG浸老化种子对茎瘤芥幼苗株高的影响

[目的]分析聚乙二醇（PEG）浸老化种子对茎瘤芥幼苗株高的影响。[方法]使用不同浓度PEG 6000（5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%）,以不同处理时间（4、8、12、16、20、24 h）浸茎瘤芥老化种子后,测量其幼苗株高。[结果]与对照相比,5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%PEG 6000以不同处理时间,浸茎瘤芥老化种子后,其幼苗株高均显著增加（P〈0.05）。[结论]25%PEG 6000浸茎瘤芥老化种子12 h,其幼苗株高最高。     

青霉素和多效唑对西葫芦陈种子发芽及田间成苗的影响

[目的]为西葫芦的高产栽培提供理论依据。[方法]选用已经保存4年的西葫芦品种西葫芦1号种子为供试材料,用不同浓度的青霉素、多效唑进行浸种处理,并采用青霉素200 mg/L分别和不同浓度多效唑混配处理,以清水为对照,进行室内发芽和田间种植试验,研究青霉素和多效唑对西葫芦陈种子发芽及田间成苗的影响。[结果]用青霉素200 mg/L、多效唑500 mg/L处理对西葫芦种子发芽率、幼苗根系活力、叶片叶绿素含量和田间成苗效果较好,二者复配青霉素200 mg/L＋多效唑500 mg/L处理效果最好,与对照差异达到显著水平。[结论]选择适宜浓度的青霉素、多效唑以及二者复配,可促进西葫芦种子新陈代谢系统的修复和恢复,使幼苗达到正常常规种子生长的指标,建议在农业生产实践中应用。     

高氟低碘对老年大鼠肝脏细胞DNA损伤的影响

[目的]研究高氟低碘对大鼠肝脏细胞DNA损伤的影响。[方法]离乳Wistar大鼠21只,随机分为4组：①CK（5只）,饲喂大鼠标准饲料,饮自来水;②高氟组（5只）,饲喂大鼠正常饲料,饮100mg/L氟化钠（NaF）去离子水;③低碘组（5只）,饲喂低碘饲料（定做）,饮去离子水;④高氟低碘组（6只）,饲喂低碘饲料,饮100mg/L氟化钠（NaF）去离子水。在大鼠20月龄时,处死取肝脏组织,检查其DNA的损伤情况。[结果]与①CK相比,②、③和④的老年大鼠肝细胞拖尾率显著增高（P〈0.01）;②、③和④的老年大鼠肝细胞的拖尾长度亦显著增长（P〈0.01）;肝细胞DNA损伤分级结果显示,②（高氟组）老年大鼠肝细胞DNA损伤主要是Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级。③（低碘组）肝细胞DNA几乎全部损伤,主要是Ⅲ级损伤。④（高氟低碘组）的细胞损伤以Ⅲ级损伤为主。[结论]高氟、低碘、高氟低碘都影响了大鼠肝脏细胞DNA的损伤。     

Stabilization Properties of Aged refuse in Semi aerobic and Anaerobic Landfills

The stabilization properties of aged refuse in five year old semi aerobic and anaerobic landfills were compared, such as volatile solid (VS), total organic carbon content (TOC), humic matters, and so on. It was found that VS and TOC content in aged refuse were obviously lower than those in fresh refuse after five years disposal. However, the VS and TOC content of aged refuse in semi aerobic landfill were slightly lower than anaerobic ones, whilst the difference was not significant. Surface settlements of semi aerobic landfills were higher than that of anaerobic ones (P<0.05). Moreover, there was negative correlation between VS content and surface settlements. Both leachate and water recycling methods did not lead to significant VS content difference, while leachate recycling would cause obviously uneven surface settlement. Biological degradable materials (BDM) value of aged refuse in semi aerobic landfill and anaerobic one was similar. Furthermore, BDM value increased with the increase of air pipe distance and depth. The greater the air pipe distance is, the bigger the difference of BDM value between the layers is. In addition, total extraction ratios of humic matters and HA/FA in semi aerobic and anaerobic landfill aged refuse had no significant differences.