再生稻根干物质量及根系活力与产量的相关性研究

对不同施N水平、不同品种再生稻根干物质量及根系活力与产量的相关性研究结果表明 ,再生稻头季稻产量与根系干物质量及根系活力密切相关 ;再生稻再生分蘖的生长发育依赖于头季稻残留的根系 ,再生季稻穗数及产量与头季稻成熟期和再生季稻齐穗期的根系机能呈极显著线性正相关 ,并与芽肥施用量呈抛物线形相关     

豇豆CAT活性的研究

[目的]对豇豆过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性进行研究。[方法]以豇豆中的过氧化氢酶为材料,测定其活力、最适温度与pH值,及各因素对活力的影响。[结果]豇豆中过氧化氢酶的最适pH值为8.0,最适温度为25℃。甲醇和乙醇对豇豆中过氧化氢酶活性的影响均表现为低浓度具有激活作用,高浓度转为抑制作用。金属离子Cu2＋对该酶有不用程度的激活作用,而Mg2＋和Na＋则对该酶有一定程度的抑制作用。[结论]该研究为豇豆过氧化氢酶的进一步研究提供了理论依据。     

干旱胁迫对大豆苗期叶片保护酶活性和膜脂过氧化作用的影响

[目的]探讨干旱胁迫对大豆幼苗的伤害与膜质过氧化的关系以及保护酶系统与抗旱性的关系。[方法] 以2个不同耐旱性的大豆品种为试材,研究干旱胁迫对大豆苗期叶片保护酶活性和膜脂过氧化作用的影响及其与抗旱性的关系。[结果]随着干旱胁迫的加强,质膜透性和丙二醛（MDA）含量逐渐增加,超氧歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性表现为先升后降的趋势。轻度胁迫下质膜透性和MDA含量增幅较小,重度胁迫时增幅达显著或极显著水平,且MDA含量与质膜透性呈极显著正相关。SOD和CAT活性分别在胁迫的第2天和第3天达到峰值,尔后下降,第6天酶活性明显低于对照;而POD活性在第3-4天达到峰值,尔后下降,第6天仍略高于对照。耐旱性品种比不耐旱性品种具有较低的质膜透性和MDA含量,同时具有较高的SOD、CAT和POD活性。[结论]为大豆抗旱机理的研究提供了理论依据。     

不同提取方法对土壤中活性部分重金属提取能力的对比研究

采集不同酸碱度的4种土壤样品,采用人工外源添加方式配制As、cu、Ni、Pb和zn污染土壤,并应用Tessier、BCR和TCLP对土壤中重金属的活性部分进行提取,结果表明,BCR能较合理地提取出酸性土壤中的活性部分重金属,Tessier能较合理地提取出碱性土壤中的．活性部分重金属;对不同性质土壤中重金属进行形态提取应采用不同的提取方法。     

浒苔多糖降血脂活性的研究

用热水浸提法提取浒苔多糖(EP),以不同剂量的EP对高脂喂养小鼠灌胃4周,考察其血脂相关指标。结果显示:EP能有效地降低高血脂症小鼠血清中总胆固醇(TCHO)、甘油三酯(TG)的含量,提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的含量,但对低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量的降低作用不显著。     

枣果中多酚物质的体外活性研究

通过酒石酸铁法对枣果中多酚类物质的含量进行了测定,并利用化学发光分析法测定了枣果中多酚物质间苯三酚和邻苯二酚的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:枣果中多酚类物质间苯三酚和邻苯二酚对·OH、NO2-具有较明显的抑制作用,为枣产品保健功能的开发利用提供了新的研究方向和理论基础。     

氮磷配施的氨挥发规律及机理研究

[目的]探讨氮磷配施的氨挥发规律及机理。[方法]设置5个施磷水平,通过大田试验、盆栽试验和土壤培养试验,研究氮磷配施的氨挥发规律。[结果]磷作基肥氮作追肥时,不同施磷处理的氨挥发速率先从低到高逐渐增至峰值,然后降低,峰值随施磷量增加而增高,最高峰值为2.36 kg/(hm2.d);追施氮肥3、7、12 d后,随着施磷量的增加,土壤中铵态氮含量增加,氨挥发强度增强;土壤脲酶活性比氮磷同为基肥时增强,随施磷量增加呈明显增加趋势。氮磷同为基肥时,单施氮处理不施磷处理的土壤脲酶活性比氮磷同施处理高,随着施磷量的增加,氮磷同施处理的脲酶活性略有增加趋势。[结论]土壤铵态氮含量与氨挥发速率、土壤脲酶活性均有较好的相关性。     

Behavioural interactions of seabirds with suspended mussel longlines

Increased abundances of a number of seabird species have been found in areas of mussel longline aquaculture (compared to control sites) in a recent study at Bantry Bay, southwest Ireland. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this form of mussel aquaculture also affects the activity budgets and foraging behaviour of these seabirds. Scan-sampling was used to compare seabird activity budgets between three areas of mussel longline aquaculture and three control sites. Foraging activities of Great-Northern Divers Gavia immer, an Annex 1 species under the Euopean Union's Birds Directive, were also compared between sites using focal sampling. The behaviour of gulls (Larus sp.), Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo, Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis and Great-Northern Divers (but not auks, Alcidae) differed significantly between areas of mussel aquaculture and control sites in this study. Mussel suspension buoys were heavily utilized by gulls, cormorants and shags as safe perching platforms for preening activities. Gulls also fed extensively on epifauna attached to the buoys. Great-Northern Divers spent more time snorkelling (head submerged in search of food) in mussel sites than in the control sites, however dive duration and visible foraging success rates did not differ significantly between sites. Overall, the environmental impact of mussel suspension culture appears to be positive or neutral on marine bird species occurring at this study site.     

Behavioral responses of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to acute fluctuations in dissolved oxygen levels as monitored by computer vision

Behavioral and ventilatory parameters have the possibility of predicting the stress state of fish in vivo and in situ. This paper presents a new image-processing algorithm for quantifying the average swimming speed of a fish school in an aquarium. This method is based on the alteration in projected area caused by the movement of individual fish during frame sequences captured at given time intervals. The image enhancement method increases the contrast between fish and background, and is thus suitable for use in turbid aquaculture water. Behavioral parameters (swimming activity and distribution parameters) and changes in ventilation frequency (VF) of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) responded to acute fluctuations in dissolved oxygen (DO) which were monitored continuously in the course of normoxia, falling DO level, maintenance of hypoxia (three levels of 1.5, 0.8 and 0.3 mg l⁻¹) and subsequent recovery to normoxia. These parameters responded sensitively to acute variations in DO level; they displayed significant changes (P < 0.05) during severe hypoxia (0.8 and 0.3 mg l⁻¹ level) compared with normoxic condition, but there was no significant difference under conditions of mild hypoxia (1.5 mg l⁻¹ level). There was no significant difference in VF between two levels of severe hypoxia 0.8 and 0.3 mg l⁻¹ level during the low DO condition. The activity and distribution parameters displayed distinguishable differences between the 0.8 and 0.3 mg l⁻¹ levels. The behavioral parameters are thus capable of distinguishing between different degrees of severe hypoxia, though there were relatively large fluctuations.     

西宁市不同功能城区土壤重金属镉含量及形态研究

采取Tessier连续提取法,对西宁市不同功能城区土壤重金属镉的含量及形态分布进行研究。结果表明：西宁市各功能区土壤的全镉含量是全国土壤几何平均值的7.4-11.1倍,重金属镉污染比较严重;不同功能区中,不同形态的Cd分布有较大的差异;Cd以残渣态为主;矿冶区和开发区Cd的金属活性相对较强,具有一定的生物有效性和潜在的生态危害性。