维生素E对绵羊鲜精及冻精精液品质的影响

日粮中添加维生素E可以提高绵羊鲜精的活率 ,对照组和试验组的活率分别为 0 72± 0 0 7和 0 78± 0 0 6(P <0 0 5 ) ,显著改善鲜精精液品质。采用两步稀释法在绵羊冷冻精液稀释液中添加维生素E ,可以极显著降低冷冻对精子顶体的冷刺激损害程度 ,试验组的活率 ( 0 43 5± 0 0 2 0 )极显著高于对照组 ( 0 3 65± 0 0 2 6) (P <0 0 1) ,精子顶体的总异常率试验组 ( 3 3 72 % )极显著低于对照组 ( 4 4 3 5 % ) (P <0 0 1) ,其中试验组顶体膨胀率和脱落率与对照组分别为 1 2 8%±0 5 8%、2 3 0 8%± 1 45 %与 2 68%± 0 5 9%、2 8 96%± 3 14 %。冷冻精液品质显著改善。     

芸豆凝集素受体在小鼠生殖细胞上的分布及作用研究

[目的]探讨芸豆凝集素（PHA）受体在小鼠精子和卵母细胞上的分布及作用。[方法]应用异硫氰酸荧光素（FITC）标记的芸豆凝集素作为分子探针,确定其PHA受体在小鼠精子和卵母细胞上的分布。通过不同浓度PHA处理精子和卵母细胞,研究PHA预处理对精子获能和顶体反应,以及对卵母细胞FITC—PHA染色的影响。l结果]PHA受体主要表达于小鼠精子整个尾部区域和顶体反应后的头部质膜,2mg／mlPHA预处理有抑制顶体反应的作用;卵母细胞透明带和细胞膜都有PHA受体的存在。不同浓度PHA处理卵母细胞对其透明带阿FTIC—PHA染色影响不大,但对其细胞膜染色有较大影响,且不同浓度之间差异明显。[结论]芸豆凝集素受体是小鼠精子和卵母细胞受体的重要组成部分,且在精卵质膜融合过程中发挥重要作用。     

Effects of acrosomal conditions of frozen-thawed spermatozoa on the results of artificial insemination in Japanese Black cattle

The purposes of this study were to examine the relationship between male artificial insemination (AI) fertility and sperm acrosomal conditions assessed by new and conventional staining techniques and to identify possible reproductive dysfunctions causing low conception rates in AI using frozen-thawed spermatozoa with poor acrosomal conditions in Japanese Black bulls. We investigated individual differences among bulls in the results concerning (1) acrosomal conditions of frozen-thawed spermatozoa as assessed by not merely peanut agglutinin-lectin staining (a conventional staining technique) but also immunostaining of acrosomal tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins (a new staining technique), (2) routine AI using frozen-thawed spermatozoa as assessed by pregnancy diagnosis, (3) in vivo fertilization of frozen-thawed spermatozoa and early development of fertilized eggs as assessed by superovulation/AI-embryo collection tests and (4) in vitro fertilization of frozen-thawed spermatozoa with oocytes. The percentages of frozen-thawed spermatozoa with normal acrosomal conditions assessed by the abovementioned staining techniques were significantly correlated with the conception rates of routine AI, rates of transferable embryos in superovulation/AI-embryo collection tests and in vitro fertilization rates. These results are consistent with new suggestions that the distribution of acrosomal tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins as well as the acrosomal morphology of frozen-thawed spermatozoa are AI fertility-associated markers that are valid for the prediction of AI results and that low conception rates in AI using frozen-thawed spermatozoa with poor acrosomal conditions result from reproductive dysfunctions in the processes between sperm insemination into females and early embryo development, probably failed fertilization of frozen-thawed spermatozoa with oocytes.     

Sperm maturation and capacitation in the open thelycum shrimp Litopenaeus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeoidea)

Transmission electron microscopy was applied to sperm removed from males and females belonging to Litopenaeus vannamei, L. stylirostris and L. occidentalis. It was discovered that a region named filamentous meshwork (FM), located between the nucleus and the hemispherical cap, develops differently in these three closely related species. In L. vannamei, the FM is synthesized in the male reproductive system, but seems to complete its formation after mating. In L. stylirostris, the FM region was not present in spermatophores collected from males or in sperm from the thelycum. In L. occidentalis, the FM region is fully developed in male sperm. It is suggested that completion of the FM is required for acrosome maturation, and the process continues after mating in some species of Litopenaeus. In vitro induction of the acrosome reaction in sperm from males and females of L. occidentalis demonstrated for the first time that reactivity is significantly superior in sperm cells that have been attached to the open thelycum for some hours, as compared to sperm in males (prior to transfer). This finding suggests that matured sperm cells of L. occidentalis become capacitated to react against egg water after mating.     

测定冻精酶活性的高低预测精液品质

[目的]为了通过测定牛冻精谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)的活性高低来预测精液品质.[方法]用人医血清酶类测定的赖氏法测定两种酶的活性.[结果]表明:谷丙转氨酶与精子活率呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01),与顶体完整率呈显著负相关(P＜0.05);谷草转氨酶与精子活率呈极显著负相关(P＜0.05),与顶体完整率呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01).[结论 ]谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性愈高,精子活率和顶体完整率愈低,精子品质下降.     

Acrosome reaction of Chinese mitten-handed crab Eriocheir sinensis (Crustacea: Decapoda) spermatozoa: Promoted by long-term cryopreservation

The effects of three media, two temperatures, and fourteen durations of cryopreservation from 0 h to 450 d on in vitro acrosome reaction (AR) of spermatozoa in Chinese mitten-handed crab Eriocheir sinensis (Crustacea: Decapoda) were investigated. The spermatozoa of good quality were obtained from spermatophores by a glass homogenizer in an ice-bath and centrifugation at 4 °C. At 0 h, 2 h, 1 d, 3 d, 15 d, 30 d, 60 d, 90 d, 120 d, 150 d, 180 d, 270 d, 360 d, and 450 d of cryo-storage in Ca²⁺-free artificial seawater, 10% (v/v) glycerol, and 5% (v/v) dimethylsulfoxide at − 80 °C and in liquid nitrogen (− 196 °C), the changes in spermatozoal morphology, the time of beginning AR, and the time of maximum percentage of AR were observed. The relationships of the changes on AR presented with the different media, temperatures, and durations of cryopreservation were speculated. In this study, the cryopreserved spermatozoa all underwent AR in less than 1 h of settlement under room temperature while the percentage of AR in the control was only about 4.9%. Meanwhile, cryopreservation shortened both the time of beginning AR (from 30.11 min of the uncryopreserved spermatozoa to 0 min of cryopreserved spermatozoa on the 30th day) and the time of maximum percentage (from 59.88 min of the uncryopreserved spermatozoa to 0 min of cryopreserved spermatozoa on the 60th day). Whereas the effect of media on sperm cell AR was negligible (P > 0.05), the treatments of spermatozoa with short- and long-term cryopreservation resulted in extremely significant differences in the time of beginning AR as well as in the time of maximum percentage of AR (P < 0.01). The present data indicate that cryopreservation for long or short periods can promote the AR of sperm cells in E. sinensis and physiologically affect the ability to capacitate. It may be that the mechanism of AR in this study is the direct promotion of membrane fusion of the acrosomal cap, or destruction of the proteins inhibiting AR and activation of the proteins promoting AR, by cryopreservation. In addition, the results also show that cryopreservation can protect the spermatozoa because AR can occur in almost all sperm cells cryopreserved for less than 15 d.     

Biochemical characterization and physiological role of cortical rods in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon

Cortical rods (CRs), precursors of egg jelly investment in many penaeoid shrimp, are composed of different proportions of proteins and carbohydrates, the physiological role of which still requires extensive investigation. In this study, we demonstrated the biochemical properties of the CRs and their role in the induction of the acrosome reaction (AR). Profiles of the isolated CRs revealed a number of major protein bands ranging from 35 to 230 kDa. These CR proteins were extensively glycosylated and sulfated. Lectin-based carbohydrate analysis further revealed the highest reactivity of concanavalin A (Con A) among other lectins used. In addition, the selective interference of Con A binding with mannose but not glucose indicated that CR glycoproteins were of high-mannose type. Using immunoblotting with anti-CR antibody, we further demonstrated that part of egg water (EW, a natural AR inducer) was derived from miscible components of the CRs. Physiological tests of water-soluble CR (wsCR) revealed its high AR inducing competency comparable to that of EW, which was far superior to that of acid-urea treated CR (auCR). Furthermore, the wsCR-induced AR was selectively inhibited by Con A, suggesting the significance of the exposing mannose residues in regulating P. monodon sperm AR response.     

Pentoxifylline induces capacitation and acrosome reaction and improves quality of motility in canine ejaculated spermatozoa

To evaluate effects of different concentrations of pentoxifylline, as phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on quality of motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction, Ejaculated spermatozoa were collected from crossbred dogs. The sperm were incubated at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mM pentoxifylline for 2 h. Conventional assessment was also made on the percentage of motility and quality of motility of spermatozoa; values were expressed as sperm motility index (SMI). Capacitation and acrosome reaction were also evaluated by chlortetracycline fluorescence staining. SMI as quality index of sperm was significantly increased in concentrations of 10 and 100 mM pentoxifylline during 1 and 2 h compared to control. The number of capacitated or acrosome reacted spermatozoa significantly (P < 0.05) were higher than controls at high concentrations of pentoxifylline (10 and 100 mM) during 1 and 2 h. In conclusion, high concentration of pentoxifylline is able to induce capacitation and acrosome reaction and improves quality of motility in canine ejaculated spermatozoa.     

除去精浆、添加维生素E及水浴平衡对莎能奶山羊精液冷冻效果的影响

主要探讨精液离心、添加VE及平衡方法对山羊细管冻精冷冻-解冻后活力、顶体完整率等的影响,为提高山羊精液冷冻保存效果提供依据.试验1:将鲜精稀释后分为3组,第1组为稀释精液1 000 r/min离心6 min,去掉一半的上清液;第2组用相同的方法反复离心3次,完全去掉精浆;第3组不离心,做为对照.试验2:在稀释液中添加15 g/L VE,以不添加组作为对照.试验3:采用纱布包裹和水浴平衡两种方法.试验结果表明,离心去掉部分精浆组和离心去精浆组精子冷冻-解冻后的活力比不离心组高,差异显著(P＜0.05).精子顶体完整率和畸形率有所下降,但与对照组相比较差异不显著(P＞0.05).离心去掉部分精浆组和离心完全去精浆组相比,精子冷冻一解冻后的活力、顶体完整率和畸形率差异不显著(P＞0.05).冷冻稀释液中添加VE组的顶体完整率显著提高(P＜0.05),畸形率变化与对照组无差异(P＞0.05),精子活力提高效果也不明显(P＞0.05).精液冷冻前平衡方法以水浴法为好,与纱布包裹平衡组相比,水浴平衡组的活力和顶体完整率高(P＜0.05),精子畸形率较低(P＜0.05).可见,精液离心后去掉适量精浆可显著提高冷冻后精子的活力;添加VE可显著提高精液冷冻后精子的顶体完整率;与纱布包裹平衡法相比,水浴平衡法可显著提高精液冷冻后精子的品质.     

不同稀释液对猪精液4℃保存效果的影响研究

[目的]利用改进的BF-5稀释液（命名为naBF5）,开发一种4℃液态保存猪精子的方法。[方法]把猪精子在LEN、BF5和mBF5这3种稀释液中4℃条件下保存5d,按照保存天数分别检测精子的活力、顶体形态、活率和ATP浓度并进行比较。[结果]在4℃条件下保存的1～2d,精子的活率在3种稀释液中没有显著的差异;但是第3天开始,3种稀释液中的精子活率有显著差异,在mBF5中保存的精子活率显著地高于在LEN和BF5中保存的精子。第1～5天,在mBF5和B巧稀释液中保存的精子正常顶体的百分率高于LEN稀释液中保存的精予;并且,在4℃保存5d后,在mBF5稀释液中保存的精子正常顶体的百分率要高于在BF5中保存的精子。在4℃条件下保存的第1～5天,mBF5稀释液中的精子活力百分率高于LEN和BF5稀释液保存的精子活力。在3种稀释液中,保存的第1～5天,精子活力的百分率都持续地降低。保存的第1～5天,mBF5稀释液中保存的精子ATP浓度比LEN和BF5稀释液中保存的高。保存5d之后3种稀释液中精子ATP浓度都迅速下降。[结论]在4℃条件下保存5d,与LEN和BF5稀释液相比,保存在mBF5稀释液中的精子表现出较高的活力、正常的顶体百分率、活率和ATP浓度。