Genome wide association studies (GWAS) of element contents in grain with a special focus on zinc and iron in a world collection of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Genome wide association studies (GWAS) were carried out to map Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) associated with element contents in the grain using 336 spring barley. Of the elements analyzed, Fe content ranged from 21.9 to 91.0 mg kg⁻¹, Zn from 10.4 to 54.5 mg kg⁻¹, Ba from 0.2 to 8.9, Ca from 186.4 to 977.5, Cu from 1.5 to 9.8, K from 353.2 to 7721.5, Mg from 1049.8 to 2024.2, Mn from 8.1 to 22.9, Na from 55.9 to 627.9, P from 2272.9 to 5428.8, S from 880.7 to 1898.0, Si from 19.1 to 663.2, and Sr from 0.35 to 2.62 mg kg⁻¹. GWAS were carried out using 6519 SNP markers and multiple elements in MLM:PCA + K model in TASSEL software. Population analyses showed two sub-populations, primarily based on row types. GWAS for row types showed association with INTERMEDIUM-C, a modifier gene for lateral spikelet fertility in the 4H chromosome, validating current GWAS approach. GWAS also showed that 2 QTL for Ba, 2 for Ca, 4 for Cu, 11 for Fe, 2 for K, 3 for Mg, 6 for Mn, 4 for Na, 3 for S, 5 for Si, and 3 for Zn were mapped in barley chromosomes. The QTL identified in the current study are valuable for breeding nutrient dense barley cultivars in the future, especially Zn and Fe.     

锌对雏鸭外周血T-淋巴细胞的影响

15 0只 1日龄天府肉鸭健雏随机分为 3组 ,分别喂给缺锌 (每千克日粮含 Zn 2 2 .9mg)、对照 (每千克日粮含 Zn10 0 mg)和锌中毒 (每 kg日粮含 Zn130 0 mg)日粮 7周或 4周 ,以酸性 - α-醋酸萘酯酶 (ANAE)染色法观测外周血 T-淋巴细胞的动态变化。结果锌缺乏组和锌中毒组雏鸭外周血 T-淋巴细胞的 ANAE阳性率显著低于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,表明锌缺乏或锌中毒可抑制 T-淋巴细胞的生成 ,降低其在外周血中的数量。本试验还对锌缺乏和锌中毒引起的外周血 T-淋巴细胞减少的机理进行了探讨     

Zn distribution and bioavailability in whole grain and grain fractions of winter wheat as affected by applications of soil N and foliar Zn combined with N or P

A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar Zn combined with N or P on Zn concentration and bioavailability in wheat grain and its milling fractions under different soil N levels. At maturity, grains were harvested and fractionated into flour and bran for nutrient analysis. Both high soil N supply and foliar Zn-enriched fertilizer applications greatly increased Zn concentration and bioavailability in both whole grain and grain fractions. Compared with foliar Zn alone, foliar Zn combined with N increased Zn concentration and bioavailability, whereas foliar Zn combined with P decreased Zn concentration and bioavailability. However, foliar Zn combined with P slightly increased the protein concentration compared to foliar Zn alone. Protein concentration significantly increased, whereas phytate concentration decreased, in whole grain and flour, both in soil N and foliar Zn-enriched N treatments. Therefore, foliar Zn plus N (with appropriate soil N management) may be a promising strategy for addressing dietary Zn micronutrient deficiencies, especially in countries where flour is a significant component of the daily diet.     

Mechanism of Fuzilizhong decoction alleviating inflammatory damage of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

AIM To observe the effect of Fuzilizhong decoction on the inflammatory damage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） rats and to explore its mechanism. METHODS SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups： control group, model group, high dose （20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）, middle dose （10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）, low dose （5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） Fuzilizhong decoction group and Yishanfu （30 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）group, 8 rats in each group. A NAFLD rat modelwas established by intragastric administration of fat emulsion for 4 weeks. Then the drug was given for 4 weeks in each treatment group. HE staining was performed to observe the histopathological changes of the rat liver.The serum levels of interleukin-2（IL-2）, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） were measured by ELISA. The expression of toll like receptor 4（TLR4） and NF-κB p65 in liver tissues at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-qPCR and Western bolt,respectively. RESULTS Compared with control group, the inflammatory damage of liver tissue was more serious, the serum levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α, the mRNA expression TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in liver tissues were significantly increased in model group（P<0.05）. However, compared with model group, the liver pathological changes in each treatment group were significantly relieved, the serum levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α, the mRNA expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in liver tissues were significantly reduced（P<0.05）.In addition, the changes of TLR4 and p-NF-κB p65 protein levels in liver tissue were consistent with the changes of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 mRNA. CONCLUSION Fuzilizhong decoction attenuates the inflammatory damages of NAFLD in rats by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway.     

黄芪多糖在LPS诱导的DF-1细胞炎症反应中的抗炎作用及其调节机制

为探讨黄芪多糖(Astragalus polysaccharide,APS)在LPS(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的鸡胚成纤维细胞系DF-1(chicken embryonic fibroblast cell line,DF-1)炎症模型中对IL-1β和TNF-α表达的影响,以及细胞因子信号转导抑...     

土壤Pb,Zn复合污染对作物吸收重金属的影响

以褐土为供试土壤,用小白菜作指示植物,通过模拟试验研究了土壤Pb,Zn复合污染对植物吸收重金属的影响。结果表明,在土壤Pb,Zn复合污染条件下,土壤中Pb的存在对蔬菜吸收Zn未产生明显影响,而土壤中Zn的存在则对蔬菜吸收Pb产生抑制作用。同时,分析复合污染条件下Pb,Zn在蔬菜体内的分布,表明小白菜主要将重金属Pb积累于根部,而Zn则是更多的被小白菜积累在地上部位。     

蚯蚓与植物联合去除猪粪中的Cu,Zn污染研究

由于饲料添加剂的使用,畜禽粪便中的重金属污染已非常普遍,尤其是Cu,Zn污染最为显著。为此,利用蚯蚓对腐熟猪粪进行处理,再通过植物对蚓粪中Cu,Zn吸收的方法,进行了消除猪粪中重金属的研究。结果表明,蚯蚓对猪粪Zn有较强的吸收能力,富集系数为1.43;而对Cu的吸收能力相对较弱,富集系数为0.61。植物对Cu,Zn的吸收贡献不大,但可以作为饲料返回到动物体内,从而减少饲料添加剂中Cu,Zn的含量。通过蚯蚓与植物的联合处理,能有效地降低腐熟猪粪中Cu,Zn的含量。     

氮锌配施对不同玉米品种灌浆期生理特性和籽粒氮锌含量的影响

提高粮食作物中可食部分的锌生物有效性是解决人体缺锌的重要措施。为研究氮锌肥料施用对玉米籽粒锌营养的影响,本研究以郑单958和谷神玉66为试验材料,在大田条件下研究3个氮水平(90、180 和225 kg N·hm^-2)和2个喷锌处理(0和4.5 kg·hm^-2 ZnSO₄·7H₂O)下玉米籽粒产量和氮锌含量以及灌浆期叶片生理特性的变化。结果表明,吐丝后,与施氮量90 kg·hm^-2处理相比,施氮量180和225 kg·hm^-2处理提高了吐丝后穗位叶SPAD值及硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、碳酸酐酶(CA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和灌浆后期PSⅡ综合性能指数(PI),降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量。施锌能提高吐丝后穗位叶CA、SOD、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和灌浆后期SPAD值和PI,降低MDA含量。2个品种相比,谷神玉66灌浆后期穗位叶SPAD值、叶片初始荧光(F_o)和最大荧光(F_m)较高,而灌浆前期穗位叶PI和吐丝后NR、CA、SOD以及POD活性则以郑单958较高。施氮量为90 kg·hm^-2时,玉米籽粒产量平均为8.55 t·hm^-2,随着施氮量增加,玉米籽粒产量显著提高。籽粒中氮含量以施氮量180 kg·hm^-2时最高,为14.85 g·kg^-1。施氮量90和180 kg·hm^-2时,籽粒锌含量平均为27.2 mg·kg^-1,显著高于施氮量225 kg·hm^-2处理。与不施锌相比,喷锌后玉米籽粒产量未有显著变化,籽粒中氮、锌含量分别增加了11.7%和18.0%。郑单958籽粒产量较谷神玉66提高了3.8%,籽粒氮锌含量则分别减少了11.9%和5.3%。综合来看,施氮量为180 kg N·hm^-2时,与喷施ZnSO₄·7H₂O 4.5 kg·hm^-2 配合施用能够增强玉米灌浆期叶片SPAD和荧光特性,提高氮锌代谢关键酶活性,增强氧自由基清除系统酶活性,减弱膜脂过氧化作用的伤害,促进籽粒中氮、锌的吸收和累积。本研究结果可为玉米生产中优化锌生物强化措施提供理论依据。     

重金属锌对猪粪堆肥过程中氧化还原类酶活性的影响

以猪粪和秸秆为主要试验材料,添加不同浓度重金属Zn,采取发酵罐处理方法,在好氧高温条件下研究了重金属Zn对猪粪堆肥过程中多酚氧化酶、脱氢酶活性的变化,以及堆腐过程堆体温度、堆料pH值、胡敏酸E4/E6值的变化。结果表明：（1）低量重金属Zn处理（L）较不添加重金属Zn（CK）和添加高量重金属Zn（H）堆料升温快、温度高、高温持续时间长。（2）重金属Zn的加入对堆料的pH值影响不大,不是影响堆肥进程的直接原因。（3）H处理在整个堆肥过程中E4/E6值均高于L和CK,表明高浓度Zn处理抑制腐殖质的缩合和芳构化。（4）L处理的多酚氧化酶活性大多数时间高于H处理的活性,说明低量重金属Zn更好地促进了木质素的降解及其产物的转化。（5）从整个堆肥过程来看,3个不同处理的脱氢酶活性表现出一定的不稳定性,可能是重金属对脱氢酶活性有抑制作用的同时发生＂抗性酶活性＂现象。     

锌污染对猪粪堆腐过程中微生物群落的影响

利用Biolog微平板技术,对不同浓度重金属Zn影响下堆料微生物群落多样性进行了研究。结果表明,较低浓度Zn处理（Zn含量为400mg·kg^-1）的堆料升温快,高温持续时间长。微生物群落多样性指数和微生物群落主成分分析（PCA）指标均表明不同浓度重金属处理的堆料微生物群落有明显不同,Zn含量为400mg·kg^-1的堆料微生物活性高,有利于增加群落的丰富度和功能多样性,与Zn含量为1000mg·kg^-1的堆料、对照组堆料起分异作用的碳源主要为多聚物类和糖类。