Study on the Change Rule of Egg Yolk Antibody in Laying Hens after First Immunization by Japanese Encephalitis Virus

The purpose of this experiment was to study the immunization rule of the egg yolk antibody affected by different vaccines,immunization dose and injection ways and further to discuss the optimal immunization procedures of the laying hens for the preparation of egg yolk antibody against swine Japanese encephalitis virus.180 brown laying hens without any vaccines were selected and divided into 18 groups randomly,each group of 10 hens.Groups 1,2 were the control groups,injected with the sterile saline;Groups 3 to 10 were injected with subcutaneous or intramuscular injection,and the vaccine was injected with 0.2,0.5,1.0 and 1.5 mL successively.Groups 11 to 18 were also adopted two kinds of injection,followed by the same dose of vaccine immunization.Six eggs of each experimental group were gathered before immune day and after 3,7,10,14,18,21 and 28 days,the egg yolk antibody was extracted and the titer was determined.As a result,the egg yolk antibody titers of groups 1 to 6,11 and 12 were all 0,and no significant immune response produced;The hens from 7 to 10 groups were injected with the inactivated vaccine.After 7 days,the average antibody titer reached the peak,and the duration of the antibody was 14 days.The hens from 13 to 18 groups were injected with the attenuated virus vaccine.After 14 days,the average antibody titer reached the highest value,and the duration of the antibody was 21 days.The egg yolk antibody titers were not significantly different in the two compared experiment groups with the same injection dose but with different injection ways (P>0.05).With the same injection way of each experiment group,and the difference was significant (P>0.05).Compared with some groups with the same injection and vaccine,the titer of yolk antibody was gradually increased with the increase of the immune dose,and the difference was significant (P<0.05).The results showed that,no matter intramuscular or subcutaneous injection,in order to produce a significant immune response to hens,the immune antigen dose was 1.0 mL inactivated vaccine or 0.5 mL attenuated vaccine at least.Compared with the attenuated and inactivated vaccine,inactivated vaccine stimulated the body to produce the antibody faster,but the maintenance time was shorter;The lower dose of attenuated vaccine could stimulate the body to produce antibodies,but the speed was slower,the maintenance time was longer.     

咸蛋黄快速腌制过程中理化性质变化规律

该研究以新鲜蛋黄为原料,利用快速腌制模具,探究在咸蛋黄的上表面添加食盐单侧腌制过程中,食盐添加量和腌制时间对咸鸡蛋黄快速腌制过程中形貌特征和理化性质变化规律的影响。借助多种仪器分析手段对蛋黄腌制过程中形貌与物性的变化、水分及盐分的迁移规律进行了表征。低场核磁及成像结果表明：在腌制过程中,蛋黄中的水分不断向外迁移,含水率显著降低,当增加食盐的添加量和延长腌制时间,会加快水分的迁移速率;原子吸收结果表明：增加食盐添加盐量越多和腌制时间越长盐分迁移速率越快,质构、色差结果共同表明咸蛋黄腌制过程中,由于水分的向外迁移和盐分的向内渗入,使得蛋黄的蛋白质发生聚集使颜色加深;同时与市售整个腌制后分离的鸡蛋黄产品相比,当腌制时间为7d,添加盐量为3%;腌制时间为3d,添加盐量为5%时,所得的样品与市面的成品咸鸡蛋黄的感官品质及量化指标差异不显著（P<0.05）,为咸蛋黄单侧腌制技术提供理论的可行性。     

固始鸡孵化期间蛋黄胆固醇、粗脂肪和锌含量分析

对固始鸡种蛋孵化期间蛋黄中胆固醇、粗脂肪和锌含量的测定表明,胆固醇含量0～6胚龄明显升高,以后出现阶段性降低;粗脂肪含量0～6胚龄无明显变化,6胚龄以后逐渐降低;锌含量0～3胚龄和6～12胚龄明显升高,3～6胚龄和12～21胚龄降低.     

Comprehensive lipidomics and volatile compounds profiling reveals correlation of lipids and flavors in DHA-enriched egg yolk

DHA-enriched eggs have gained popularity due to their unique nutritional value, but their flavor can be challenging for some consumers to accept. The study analyzed the correlation of lipids and flavors in DHA-enriched egg yolks using comprehensive lipidomics and volatile compound analysis. The results showed that 411 lipids were detected in two egg yolk samples. Among them, 148 lipid species, including 48 DHA-containing lipids, were significantly higher in DHA-enriched egg yolks than in Common ...     

外源性卵黄蛋白对鳗鲡GTH细胞和卵母细胞超微结构的影响

外源性卵黄蛋白与鲤鱼垂体（CPG）加绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）混合注射（试验组）对鳗鲡具有明显的催热作用，卵巢成热系数平均为56．17±11．74％，是对照组（CPG加HCG组）的2．87倍。试验组脑垂体促性腺激素细胞（GTH细胞）中除含有数量较多的小分泌颗粒外，球状分泌颗粒增加，内质网池扩大；卵母细胞直径为450．0微米，双层滤泡膜和放射带充分发育。对照组GTH细胞的球状分泌颗粒直径和内质网扩大均小于试验组；卵母细胞直径为270．0微米。而饲养在海水中75天，未经注射催情药物的雌鳗，脑垂体GTH细胞仅有小分泌颗粒，未见球状分泌颗粒，卵母细胞的放射带正在形成，胞内开始出现脂肪油球。试验结果表明，外源性卵黄蛋白与CPG加HCG混合注射有明显协同作用，对卵母细胞成热有显著促进作用。     

高效液相色谱法测定蛋清和蛋黄中五种磺胺类药物残留

建立了一种高效液相色谱法测定蛋清和蛋黄中5种磺胺类药物(磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲氧达嗪、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑)残留的分析方法。蛋清和蛋黄样品经乙腈提取后,上清液氮气吹干,用流动相溶解残渣,蛋黄用正己烷去脂净化后,用HPLC测定,蛋清提取液浓缩定容后,用HPLC测定。测定条件为,色谱柱:20RBAX SB-C185μm,250 mm×4.6 mm(i.d);流动相:甲醇/1%冰乙酸(蛋清:28/72,V/V;蛋黄:23/77,V/V);检测器:紫外检测器;检测波长270 nm。在0.02-5.0μg/ml范围内,标准曲线呈线性关系。在0.5,0.1,0.05 mg/kg 3个添加水平,该方法在蛋清中的回收率为84.3%-100.4%,变异系数为1.1%-7.0%;蛋黄中的回收率为80.0%-91.8%,变异系数为1.1%-11.5%;蛋清中的检测限为0.01 mg/kg,蛋黄中的检测限为0.03 mg/kg。     

SC-CO_2脱除蛋黄粉中胆固醇机理研究

 研究了在超临界二氧化碳 ( SC- CO2 )脱除蛋黄粉中胆固醇时 ,萃取温度 ( 33℃和 45℃ )和萃取压力 ( 2 0 MPa,2 5MPa和 30 MPa)对蛋黄粉成分和微观结构的影响 ,并对不同萃取温度和压力条件下 SC- CO2 对蛋黄粉中脂类、胆固醇和磷脂溶解的选择性进行了探讨 ,结果表明 ,蛋黄粉中的胆固醇与磷脂在 SC- CO2 中的溶解性规律大体呈相反趋势。对 SC- CO2 处理的蛋黄粉扫描电镜结果表明 ,SC- CO2 具有较强的渗透性和溶解能力 ,可将蛋黄粉颗粒内部的脂类选择性地溶解 ,这样导致蛋黄粉颗粒的破裂 ,其破裂程度与 SC- CO2 的密度和溶解能力有关。     

Influence of Dietary Isoflavonoids on Stability of Egg Yolk Lipids

An experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary tea polyphenol (TP) and daidzein (DA) on lipid stability of egg yolk. Two-hundred and seventy 27-week-old Hisex Brown laying hens were divided into nine groups, fed a diet supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg kg-1 TP and 5, 10, 20, 40 mg kg- 1 DA respectively for a period of 8 weeks ad libitum. The dietary addition of TP and DA both could reduce egg yolk LPO content significantly at the end of 4-week experiment (P ＜ 0.05) and keep egg yolk lipid stable at the supplemental dose of 10 mg kg- 1 diet respectively. A significant liner reduction in egg yolk LPO content was found with the increasing of dietary TP and DA. The egg yolk LPO content was decreased by 23.1 and 27.0% (P＜ 0.05) with the supplementation of TP and DA respectively at 40 mg kg-1 diet. The LPO contents in liver, plasma and egg yolk were decreased significantly with the dietary addition of TP or DA respectively ( P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference between the effects of TP and DA on improvement of layers‘ antioxidative capacity. The dietary TP and DA both could improve the bird‘s antioxidative level directly irrelevant to SOD and GSH-Px actiVities.     

抗奶牛乳房炎高免卵黄抗体的研制

奶牛乳房炎是影响奶牛的三大主要疾病之一,临床上将本病分为临床型及隐性型。本试验将2种临床类型中4种病原菌按比例配制成复合菌苗,对60只390日龄的健康蛋鸡进行免疫接种,提取卵黄制成抗奶牛乳房炎卵黄抗体。并进行了初步临床应用试验,结果显示高免卵黄抗体对奶牛乳房炎的治疗有较好的效果。