Adverse impact of industrial animal agriculture on the health and welfare of farmed animals

Industrial animal agriculture is grounded in the concept of maximizing productivity and profit. Selective breeding for maximum productivity in one characteristic of the animal (e.g. milk yield in cows, or breast meat in broiler chickens) has resulted in genotypes and phenotypes that may predispose the animals to poor health and welfare. The conditions in which these individuals are kept may also frustrate many inherited behaviors that they are strongly motivated to perform. In order to curb the resulting harmful aberrant behaviors, such as feather‐pecking in chickens, we sometimes resort to mutilating the animals. In many places chickens are routinely de‐beaked by means of a hot metal guillotine. Compassion in World Farming (an international organization that promotes the humane treatment of farm animals) believes that it is unethical to treat sentient beings in such ways. We have a duty to respect farm animals' sentience by providing them with housing conditions that take their needs and wants into account, and by reverting to the use of dual‐purpose, slower‐growing breeds that have the potential for good welfare. Alternatives to current farming practices are available, and we owe it to the animals, and to our consciences, to pursue them.     

高产奶牛福利

近20年，荷斯坦牛成为优势奶牛品种，营养改善促使奶牛产奶量大幅度增加，工厂化管理致使奶牛运动量减少、生产性疾病频发，奶牛康乐受到严重威胁，因此，改善高产奶牛福利的呼声高涨。本文以生产性疾患为中心，从规模化生产、遗传改良、畜舍环境等角度讨论了高产奶牛的福利问题。     

苍梧县公益林经营管理现状与可持续经营探讨

调查分析广西苍梧县生态公益林建设的现状和存在的问题，主要有树种结构欠合理、权益关系不清、经营者的意愿未得到尊重、相关法规不完善等，对该县生态公益林可持续发展对策进行探讨。     

Innovative layer genetics to handle global challenges in egg production

1. In commercial layer breeding, extensive gene pools are tested and selected for market requirements which must be anticipated at least 5 years ahead. Field results confirm a continuous positive genetic trend in egg output and better feed efficiency which can be converted into land savings.

2. Animal welfare and cage-free housing dominate future needs of the market. Nesting behaviour and minimal tendency to develop feather-pecking or cannibalism without beak treatment are key trait complexes. Stronger shells for longer production cycles without moulting have to be combined with better bones.

3. No single big gene effect can be expected to control the multifactorial problem of feather-pecking. Adjusting the shape of the beak, with a heritability of .10–.25, can contribute to reducing the risk of severe cannibalism.

4. For better skeletal integrity, the assessment of bone quality in pedigree birds housed in enriched cages is done by keel bone palpation or ultrasound measurement of the humerus. Both traits show similar heritabilities in the range of .15–.30 and can be included in a balanced selection approach for performance, quality and welfare traits.

5. The combination of performance testing and genome-wide DNA marker analysis is a promising tool to generate more progress for a balanced performance and behaviour profile.     

云和县生态公益林的发展现状与管理对策

对云和县生态公益林的资源和发展现状进行了调查分析,提出了今后云和县生态公益林的发展对策,以实现生态公益林的持续、稳定和健康发展。     

大理市森林资源分布格局及其保护现状分析

基于GIS空间分析技术,分析了大理市森林资源结构及其保护现状.结果表明,大理市林地面积占国土面积的56.70％,主要由有林地和灌木林地组成,占林地面积的94.79％;森林主要由乔木林组成,占比达93.60％;林地资源分布均匀,整体上分布于洱海四周山区,龄组结构合理;林地资源保护强度较高.     

四川生态公益林建设刍议

对生态公益林的区划布局、经营管理、资金筹措等问题作了初步探讨.     

我国全民健身志愿服务现状及发展策略研究*

利用文献资料、经验总结和逻辑分析等研究方法对我国近年来的全民健身志愿服务活动进行全面总结与梳理。结果表明：全民健身志愿服务活动有效促成了群众体育发展的社会化,成为全民健身的重要纽带与桥梁;多种形式与内容丰富的全民健身志愿服务活动带动了社会力量参与到群众体育发展中,科学健身与全民健身深入人心;单一化的志愿服务人群、间断性的活动开展、匮乏的群众体育健身实施、注重城市与农村滞后等问题也同时出现。建议坚持以人为本,全民参与的服务宗旨,加大宣传力度,拓宽志愿服务群体,建立有效的常态志愿服务机制,依托高校体育专业与地方体育管理机构实施全民健身的可持续化与深入化。     

浅谈动物福利与我国现代养猪工艺模式

近年来,我国的猪肉及生猪产品在对外贸易中屡屡受到抵制,主要原因是畜产品的质量问题和动物福利没有得到重视。这一问题将在很长一段时间内影响并制约着我国养猪业的发展和在国际上的竞争力。简要分析阐述了我国目前广泛使用的养猪工艺模式、存在的问题及如何通过改善养猪工艺来提高动物的福利,从根本上改善猪肉产品的质量,为保障猪肉产品安全,提高国际贸易水平提供全新思路。     

国家级公益林区划成果落界探讨——以兰州市为例

按照国家及甘肃省技术要求、工作流程进行了兰州市国家级公益林区划落界工作,结果为兰州市国家级公益林本期区划落界132611.07 hm^2,剔除了2013年上报中的16104.46 hm^2,在林地类型、区位、权属等方面更符合国家级公益林的条件要求,从地类、生态区位等方面还分析了国家级公益林的面积结构。