Mid-storage and pre-sowing seed treatments for lettuce and carrot

Mid-storage hydration-dehydration treatments with medium-vigour lettuce seed very effectively reduced physiological deterioration in storage and ultimately showed better field emergence and final yield. Soaking-drying treatment of high-vigour lettuce seed was not effective. Pre-sowing treatment of medium-vigour lettuce seed, though less effective than mid-storage treatment, gave better field performance, but high-vigour seed did not benefit from the treatment. For carrot, both mid-storage and pre-sowing seed treatments proved beneficial, with the former showing better performance than the latter. Unlike lettuce, well-preserved carrot seed responded positively to the pre-sowing treatment.     

Study on Site-specific Nutrient Management in Cotton Field

The study on the characteristics of spatial variability of soil nutrients and fertilizer recommendations in cotton field under certain conditions of agricultural management was conducted with GIS and systematic approach for soil nutrient constrains. The results showed that of the spatial variability of soil nutrient was greatly related to the management condition of previous crops. Grid sampling and variable rate application technology (VRAT) were the tools that would hopefully increase fertilizer efficiency. The fertilizers were applied where they were needed and at proper rate. Balance fertilization demonstration showed that fertilizer recommendations according to the available nutrient level in soil could decrease fertilizer cost with 657.4 yuan / ha and increase seed cotton yield by 19.8%. A net profit of the balanced fertilization was 5314.9 yuan / ha higher than that of local fertilization practice.     

The Effect of Detopping the Field Bean Plants (Vicia faba L. minor) and Lack of the Pod Setting on the Symbiosis with Root Nodule Bacteria

The plants of field bean var. Nadwiślaνski were detopped after about 1 month since the beginning of flowering and after that all flower buds were removed from some plants. The effect of a change in the trophic balance on the setting and subsequent growth of root nodules was studied.
The removal of pods had the greater effect on the increase in the weight of the remaining organs than the detopping of plants. Detopping retarded the ageing of the plants and delayed the phase of the greatest reduction of the number of pods. The detopping of plants revealed their considerable compensative possibilities in terms of production of the pod weight and the potential of leaves for biomass production. The data obtained indicate that plant detopping may disturb the root–bacteria exchange of signals, necessary to initiate the nodule development, while the further growth of nodules depends, above all, on the amount of available photosynthates.
A very high correlation between the dry weight of the whole plant to the dry weight of leaves ratio and the weight of nodules was observed. It proves the importance of the trophic balance of the plant for the root nodule weight production.     

乙草胺防除辣椒田杂草的药效试验

50 %乙草胺EC 12 0 0、15 0 0ml/hm2 在辣椒苗移栽前 1d对土壤用药 ,对辣椒安全 ,除草效果在 75 .0 %～ 82 .6 %之间 ;乙草胺对禾本科杂草的防效好于阔叶草     

Application of acoustic Doppler current profiler combined with a scientific echo sounder for krill Euphausia pacifica density estimation

ABSTRACT:   An application of the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP, 153.6 kHz) in combination with a scientific echo sounder (EK60, 38 and 200 kHz) was investigated to estimate the density of krill Euphausia pacifica . The acoustic backscattering strength from sound scattering layers was compared with biomass estimates from midwater trawls. Euphausia pacifica was targeted among mixed species populations in the sound scattering layer in the offshore Funka Bay area of Hokkaido, Japan. The frequency characteristics of acoustic backscattering by krill were calculated using a distorted wave Born approximation scattering model at three frequencies. Krill aggregations identified from the EK60 data were extracted as the mean volume backscattering strength difference between two frequencies. They were then used to identify similar aggregations in the ADCP data by matching observation times and depths for the two methods, which were applied simultaneously. Results from the comparison of the mean volume backscattering strength and the density calculated from the ADCP and EK60 showed that ADCP can be used to measure density and spatial–temporal distribution of krill aggregations. Current speed and direction at the study site were found to be 16.1 cm/s and 187.0°, respectively, and krill speed and direction (including the current component) were found to be 19.8 cm/s and 172.2°, respectively. Based on the ADCP data, the net speed and direction of the krill aggregations were found to be 5.9 cm/s and 128.0°, respectively.     

作物秸秆综合利用三原则——就地、大量、简易还田

中国年产作物秸秆7.0×108 t,是一笔宝贵的自然资源.但由于利用主体方向不明确,配套措施不力,致使大量秸秆被随地焚烧,严重污染环境,影响了农业的可持续发展.本文从分析秸秆焚烧现象的严重性入手,综述了秸秆利用的现状,提出了秸秆资源利用的三项原则,并推出了一项省工节本高效的秸秆利用新技术.     

May the Force (Field) Be with You: On the Importance of Conformational Searches in the Prediction of NMR Chemical Shifts

NMR data prediction is increasingly important in structure elucidation. The impact of force field selection was assessed, along with geometry and energy cutoffs. Based on the conclusions, we propose a new approach named mix-J-DP4, which provides a remarkable increase in the confidence level of complex stereochemical assignments—100% in our molecular test set—with a very modest increment in computational cost.     

LED水下集鱼灯光场分布数值模拟分析

为探究LED水下集鱼灯光色、功率、放置深度和海水叶绿素质量浓度对光场分布的影响,基于蒙特卡罗模拟方法建立了水下光束传输数值计算模型,通过控制变量法计算了不同条件下的水下光场分布,并提出以0.1～10.0 lx等值线所包围的面积与计算截面面积比值为相对有效光照范围(relative effective illumination range, REIR)。以REIR为评价指标,对不同条件下的光场分布进行了分析。结果显示：(1)相同功率条件下,REIR依次为绿光>白光>蓝光,以功率420W、叶绿素质量浓度0.1mg/m³为例,3种光色的REIR比值为1.58∶1.31∶1;(2)相同光色条件下,当叶绿素质量浓度为0.1mg/m³时,集鱼灯功率由420W增至1200W,蓝、绿、白3种集鱼灯的REIR分别由31.68%、50.27%、41.78%增至38.59%、56.91%、50.15%,功率增加近3倍,但REIR增幅有限;(3)随着集鱼灯放置深度增加,REIR先增加后稳定;以叶绿素质量浓度1.0mg/m³、功率为4...     

15%高·辛微乳剂防治蔬菜田害虫的药效试验

通过田间药效试验,验证了15%高.辛微乳剂对蔬菜害虫防治效果,确定了最佳使用剂量。结果表明,15%高.辛微乳剂对菜青虫和斜纹夜蛾的最佳用量为80～100mL/667m2,施药后5d,防效达90%以上,持效期可达7d以上,各处理对蔬菜安全。     

暗黑链霉菌PY-1活性产物分析及其对葡萄霜霉病田间防效评价

为探究暗黑链霉菌Streptomyces atratus PY-1对葡萄霜霉病菌Plasomopara viticola的抑制作用,通过扫描电镜观察PY-1发酵滤液对葡萄霜霉病菌孢子囊的影响,检测PY-1的活性物质种类,并测定其对葡萄霜霉病的田间防效。结果表明,PY-1发酵滤液能够导致葡萄霜霉病菌孢子囊和孢子囊梗出现褶皱、破裂和畸形,进而使其丧失侵染功能。PY-1菌株代谢产物中包含几丁质酶、蛋白酶、嗜铁素、1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸脱氨酶、氰化氢、吲哚乙酸,不含纤维素酶。PY-1菌株对葡萄霜霉病具有较好的田间防效,发酵原液对葡萄霜霉病的田间中期防效可达到89.17%以上,末期防效达86.28%以上,比52.5%噁唑菌酮·霜脲氰2 000倍液的防效略低,但显著高于58%甲霜·锰锌1 000倍液的防效;PY-1菌株发酵液稀释700倍后对葡萄霜霉病的末期防效与甲霜锰锌1 000倍液防效相当。表明PY-1菌株具有研制防治葡萄霜霉病生防制剂的潜力。