不同杀菌工艺对延长货架期牛乳品质的影响

比较传统高温热杀菌、蒸汽浸入式杀菌、膜过滤结合巴氏杀菌对延长货架期牛乳品质的影响,测定不同热处理工艺对微生物指标、货架期、活性物质乳铁蛋白和免疫球蛋白G(immunoglobulin G,IgG)损失率及糠氨酸含量的影响,并优化蒸汽浸入式杀菌、膜过滤结合巴氏杀菌的工艺参数。结果表明：与传统高温杀菌工艺比较,蒸汽浸入式杀菌（147℃、0.09 s）产品货架期更长,品质更稳定,杀菌后糠氨酸含量较低且保留少量的活性物质;膜过滤结合72℃、15 s杀菌能更好地保留活性物质乳铁蛋白和IgG,但是该工艺对贮藏温度要求较高,全程贮藏温度需低于6℃,才能够确保产品在货架期内的品质稳定。     

甜玉米蔬菜间套复种模式产值效益研究

为进一步提高蔬菜作物间套复种的经济效益,采用田间小区试验,研究甜玉米与蔬菜间套复种的8种种植模式的产值效益。结果表明：甜玉米与不同蔬菜间套作的总产量和总产值均高于蔬菜单作;其中,2004年2∶4带型处理年总产值最高,平均比单作增加49.1%;2005年夏播模式2行甜玉米‖4行甘蓝/4行莴笋（2∶4带型）的经济效益均高于其它处理,其作物总产值达到67 377 元·hm^-2,比当季蔬菜单作增加96%;2005年甜玉米间作蔬菜（2∶4带型）的秋播模式2行萝卜‖11行大蒜/2行莴笋模式总产值达64 667 元·hm^-2,比蔬菜单作增加161%,其年总产值比蔬菜单作平均增加299.5%。说明甜玉米与不同蔬菜间套作有利于提高农作物的经济效益,而2∶4带型的 种植模式可在蔬菜农业生产中推广应用。     

利用酵母双杂交膜系统筛选与小麦蓝矮植原体免疫膜蛋白互作的异沙叶蝉蛋白

正小麦蓝矮病(Wheat blue dwarf,WBD)是我国西北麦区一种重要植原体病害,在我国西部地区危害严重。该病害由异沙叶蝉(Psammotettix alienus L.)专化性传播,介体传毒成为病害流行的重要中心环节[1]。本实验室前期通过免疫荧光标记研究发现WBD植原体免疫膜蛋白(immunodominant membrane protein, IMP)与介体异沙叶蝉肌动蛋白互作,说明IMP在植原体传播和致病过程中起关键作用。     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌JDF-6液态发酵条件优化及抑菌蛋白的分析

为探讨解淀粉芽胞杆菌JDF-6液体发酵条件及抑菌蛋白性质,以菌量和抑菌蛋白粗提液活性为指标,采用单因素和正交试验对菌株的最适发酵培养基成分及发酵条件进行优化,同时通过硫酸铵沉淀法提取抑菌蛋白粗提液,并进行稳定性试验。结果表明,菌株JDF-6最适培养基配比为3.0%蔗糖,1%酵母粉,2%茶渣饼,0.3%硫酸锰;最适发酵条件为发酵时间120 h,发酵温度30℃,初始p H 6.5~7.0,接种量5%,250 m L装液量为100 m L。优化后菌株JDF-6抑菌活性提高51.6%,经50%饱和度硫酸铵沉淀获得的抑菌蛋白的粗提液对蛋白酶、高温(100℃以上)、紫外光(光照8 h以上)敏感,抑菌活性均下降。     

无公害蔬菜生产技术措施

阐述了无公害蔬菜生产的必要性和生产原则,并对无公害蔬菜生产的技术措施和监管制度提出了具体建议。     

Ethoxylated rapeseed oil derivatives as novel adjuvants for herbicides

Ethoxylates of rapeseed oil and of methylated rapeseed oil were synthesized and tested as adjuvants for 2,4-D and phenmedipham. Provided they had less than 6 units of ethylene oxide (EO), 1.0 to 10 g litre(-1) ethoxylates in water induced droplet spreading on barley leaves. In an acetone-based medium all derivatives strongly promoted the foliar uptake of 2,4-D, with no clear influence of the ethoxylation degree. In the same medium there was a negative influence of ethoxylate chain length on the foliar uptake of phenmedipham. In a water-based medium, phenmedipham applied with rapeseed oil emulsified with ethoxylated (20 EO) rapeseed oil displayed uptake rates close to a commercial preparation. The same was true for phenmedipham applied with ethoxylated (2 EO) methylated rapeseed oil. In bioassays, phenmedipham prepared with methylated rapeseed oil emulsified with ethoxylated (20 EO) rapeseed oil was as efficacious on barley as a commercial formulation. The same was true for phenmedipham prepared with ethoxylated (2 EO) methylated rapeseed oil. However, neither rapeseed oil nor methylated rapeseed oil emulsified with ethoxylated (2 EO) methylated rapeseed oil conferred good efficacy to phenmedipham. Hence, ethoxylated rapeseed oil derivatives are promising adjuvants or formulants for herbicides.     

First report of the Q biotype ofBemisia tabaci in Japan by mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequence analysis

The recent upsurgence ofBemisia tabaci (Genn.) as an important insect pest and vector ofTomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is directly linked to serious damage to tomato crops grown throughout Japan. The molecular genetic identification and phylogenetic relationships of 12B. tabaci populations collected from representative locations in Japan were determined based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) sequence. Phylogenetic analysis of the whitefly mtCOI sequence indicated that both the invasive B and Q biotypes now occur in Japan. The Q biotype was found at four locations: Mihara in Hiroshima, Nishigoshi in Kumamoto, Miyanojo and Okuchi in Kagoshima prefectures; the remaining eight collections were identified as the B biotype. This is the first report of the introduction of Q biotype in Japan. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 21, 2006.     

山西菜田捕食性食蚜蝇优势种及其对菜蚜的控制效果

对山西菜田捕食性食蚜蝇优势种及对菜蚜的控制效果进行了研究，菜田常见捕食性食蚜蝇有黑带食蚜蝇，大灰食蚜蝇，斜斑鼓额食蚜蝇，野食蚜蝇，四条小食蚜蝇，短翅细腹食蚜蝇6种，以黑带食蚜蝇种群数量最大，平均占全年发生总量的36.3%，通过对食蚜蝇产卵量，卵化率，幼虫期捕食量和羽化率测试，筛选出的黑带食蚜蝇，大灰食蚜蝇，斜斑鼓额食蚜蝇幼虫对菜蚜均有较强的捕食能力，其中黑带食蚜蝇为山西菜田菜蚜捕食性食蚜蝇优势种，用黑带食蚜蝇三龄幼虫对菜蚜进行防治试验，结果以1：180防效最佳，72h后控制效果达93.5%。