猪多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

用PCR方法配合生化鉴定，从有肺炎症状猪的肺脏及进行性萎缩性鼻炎(Progressive atrophic rhinitis，PAR)症状猪的鼻拭子中分离出66株多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pasteurella multocida，Pm)。然后做了药敏试验，并用PCR方法对这66株Pm进行分型及毒素基因的检测，用豚鼠皮肤坏死试验及小鼠致死试验对产毒素多杀性巴氏杆菌(Toxigenie Pasteurella multocida，T^ Pm)进一步鉴定。结果显示PCR鉴定与生化鉴定Pm结果完全一致；PCR分型表明有46株为D型Pm，18株为A型：Pm，1株为B型Pm，1株无法定型；有8株用PcR检测为T^ Pm；豚鼠皮肤坏死试验及小鼠致死试验对这8株T^ Pm的进一步鉴定也表明均为产毒素菌株。所鉴定的8株T^ Pm都为D型，都分离于有严重PAR症状的猪。     

Identification and molecular characterization of border disease virus (BDV) from sheep in India

Pestiviruses isolated from sheep and goats in India thus far have been bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (BVDV-1) or BVDV-2. During routine genetic typing of pestiviruses in the years 2009-10, border disease virus (BDV) was detected in eight Indian sheep of a flock showing clinical signs of BD by real time RT-PCR. All the samples yielded positive virus isolates in cell culture but were found negative by a BVDV antigen ELISA. A representative BDV isolate was characterized at genetic and antigenic level. Phylogenetic analysis carried out in 5′-UTR, N^pro and E2 regions of genome typed the Indian BDV isolate as BDV-3. A more detailed analysis in N^pro and entire region coding structural proteins showed that the N^pro (168), C (100 aa), E^rns (227 aa), E1 (195 aa) and E2 (373 aa) proteins were of size characteristic for BDV reference strain X818. Antigenic differences were evident between the BDV-3 isolate and previously reported BDV-1, BDV-5 and BDV-7 strains. Although origin of BDV-3 in India is not clear, the results reflect probable introduction through trade in sheep between India and other countries or BDV-3 may be more widely distributed. Additionally, this study suggests that for diagnosis of BDV infection, the commercial BVDV Ag-ELISA should be used with caution. This is the first identification of BDV in sheep in India which highlights the need for continued pestivirus surveillance and assessing its impact on sheep and goat production.     

猕猴桃溃疡病菌biovar 3群体MLVA分型技术的建立与应用

 丁香假单胞菌猕猴桃致病变种生物型3(Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3,Psa3)是猕猴桃溃疡病菌的世界流行群体,但仅在中国存在复杂的遗传多样性。开发适于Psa3群体分型的MLVA(multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis)技术是探索中国Psa3起源与流行学特性的基础。本研究对7个Psa3菌株进行了全基因组测序,结合已公布的86个全基因组数据,进行比较分析发现,中国Psa3至少存在7个亚群;在各亚群间存在多态性的24个串联重复序列中,其中10个可以通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳区分开且变异指数合适,据此建立了适于Psa3的MLVA技术。采用该技术对分别来自贵州和陕西的62和9个Psa3菌株进行群体分型,分型结果与全基因组分析高度一致,证明该MLVA体系分型准确。MLVA分型结果表明:贵州主产区修文县Psa3有3个MLVA群体,其中亚群4的组内分化明显,代表最早发生的群体;而亚群 1和3的结构单一,且多在新果园发现,是新传入群体。总之,本研究建立了一套可用于Psa3群体分型的MLVA技术,将有助于解析中国各猕猴桃产区Psa3群体结构,以及探索中国Psa3的起源、传播和流行学特征。     

Suppurative meningoencephalitis and perineuritis caused by Streptococcus gallolyticus in a Japanese Black calf

A 179-day-old calf, which was weak and stunted, showed neurological signs and was euthanized. Postmortem examination revealed extensive and severe cloudy area in the meninges, and pleural pneumonia. Gram-positive cocci were isolated from systemic organs. Biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses identified the isolate as Streptococcus gallolyticus, and its subspecies was suggested to be gallolyticus (SGG). The isolate was classified as a novel sequence type (ST115) by the multilocus sequence typing scheme for SGG and showed susceptibility to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, florfenicol, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol. Histopathologically, suppurative meningoencephalitis and perineuritis were detected. As SGG has been isolated solely from a cow with mastitis in Japan, this is the first SGG infection in a calf with suppurative meningoencephalitis and perineuritis in this country.     

食品中阪崎克罗诺杆菌的药物敏感性及分子分型研究

克罗诺杆菌是一种革兰氏阴性菌,是配方粉中威胁婴幼儿健康的主要致病菌。近年来,乳制品及食品中常有克罗诺杆菌耐药株的报道,耐药株的出现给临床治疗带来巨大挑战。为探究PFGE型别与耐药表型之间的关联性,采用BD PhoenixTM-100全自动细菌鉴定及药敏系统对食品分离的68株阪崎克罗诺杆菌进行药敏检测,共选择19种抗生素,并采用PFGE对其进行分子分型。结果表明：4株阪崎克罗诺杆菌具有耐药性,耐药率为5.88%。其中,3株对头孢唑啉耐药,1株对四环素耐药。18株菌表现为中介,其中16株对头孢唑啉中介,2株对氯霉素中介。所有菌株对其余16种抗生素均敏感。68株阪崎克罗诺杆菌可分成58个PFGE带型,其中PT037、PT050、PT054、PT007、PT043及PT046带型分别含有4、3、3、2、2、2株菌,其余52个带型各含1株菌,带型较分散。3株头孢唑啉耐药菌株包含3个PFGE带型,18株中介菌株包含16个PFGE带型。检测的阪崎克罗诺杆菌食品分离株耐药率较低,未发现多重耐药菌株,且呈现出高度基因多态性,菌株PFGE带型与耐药性之间无明显相关性。     

基于SNP标记的爆裂玉米农家品种遗传多样性

为了评价广西爆裂玉米农家品种的遗传多样性,利用56K SNP芯片技术对中国广西45个爆裂玉米农家品种、中国2个爆裂玉米杂交种和6个南美爆裂玉米种质进行全基因组扫描,获得多态性标记14 338个,基因分型为6 种类型。其中A/G类型最多,为5 805个;A/T类型最少,为149个。1号染色体的多态性SNP位点最多,为2 302个;10号染色体最少,为848个。45个农家品种间平均遗传相似系数为0.62,变幅为0.41~0.99,总体遗传相似度高。聚类分析将参试品种划分为三大类群,相同来源的农家品种大多聚在一起;主成分分析显示大部分农家品种聚在一起,与杂交品种和南美品种之间没有交集,表明农家品种遗传相似性较高,与杂交品种和南美品种遗传差异较大。     

湘西黄牛粪源大肠埃希菌耐药性分析及多位点测序分型

为了解湘西黄牛粪源大肠埃希菌的耐药情况,从湘西黄牛主产区花垣县和凤凰县6个不同规模的湘西黄牛养殖场采集黄牛肛门拭子样品,用麦康凯培养基和大肠埃希菌特异性引物分离、鉴定大肠埃希菌;采用K–B法对分离的大肠埃希菌进行5类共18种常用抗菌药物的敏感性试验;利用超高通量荧光定量PCR对16株多重耐药大肠埃希菌的7类共22种耐药...     

蜡样芽孢杆菌分型方法的研究进展

蜡样芽孢杆菌是一种可引起食物中毒的机会致病菌,在自然界分布广泛,致病菌株与炭疽杆菌具有相似的毒素,引起中毒的菌株分为呕吐型和腹泻型。研究该菌的分型方法对蜡样芽孢杆菌的溯源和流行病学调查具有重要意义。目前,该菌的分型方法有传统分型和分子分型,传统分型方法包括噬菌体分型、生化分型等;分子分型方法包括重复序列PCR分型、扩增片段长度多态性分型和全基因组测序分型等。本文以蜡样芽孢杆菌为研究对象,对其分型方法进行了综述,说明了不同分型方法的优缺点,以期为该细菌病的防控提供一定的参考。