THE INSENSITIVITY OF 99mTc PERTECHNETATE FOR DETECTING METASTASES OF A FUNCTIONAL THYROID CARCINOMA IN A DOG

This report describes the use of ^99mtechnetium pertechnetate (^99mTcO₄⁻) and ¹³¹[for imaging of a metastatic thyroid carcinoma in a dog. The ¹³¹] imaging showed metastatic lesions undetected by the ^99mTcO₄⁻ imaging on 2 separate occasions. The possible mechanisms for the discrepancies between ¹³¹I and ^99mTcO₄⁻ imaging of thyroid carcinomas are discussed. The use of ¹³¹I for the imaging of functional thyroid carcinomas in the dog is recommended.     

SLeX和CK19表达与甲状腺乳头状癌浸润转移的关系

目的探讨SLeX和CK19蛋白在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及其与癌组织浸润转移的关系。方法应用免疫组化染色EliVisionTMplus两步法检测127例甲状腺乳头状癌组织和30例癌旁甲状腺组织中SLeX和CK19蛋白的表达状况。结果甲状腺乳头状癌组织SLeX和CK19总体阳性表达率分别为70.1%和96.1%,显著高于癌旁甲状腺组织(P0.05);存在浸润和伴有淋巴结转移者,SLeX和CK19阳性表达率显著高于无浸润和无淋巴结转移者(P0.05);SLeX与CK19表达具有一定正相关性(r=0.30)。结论 SLeX和CK19在甲状腺乳头状癌组织中多数呈强阳性表达,两者与癌组织浸润转移密切相关。     

Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy in dogs with thyroid carcinoma

Currently, a histological diagnosis of highly vascularized canine (c) thyroid carcinoma (TC) is primarily obtained following excisional biopsy (EB) through thyroidectomy. Non-EBs are contraindicated in unresectable invasive cTCs due to their highly vascularized nature, which subsequently, lack histological diagnosis. We hypothesised ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (UGCNB) to be a safe biopsy technique to obtain an accurate histological diagnosis in unresectable TCs. Nine client-owned dogs with suspected naturally occurring TC, presented for surgical excision, were included. First, a UGCNB was taken from the cervical tumour, followed by EB. Haemorrhage following UGCNB was evaluated preoperatively and once the tumour was surgically exposed by visual inspection and ultrasonography. Histological analysis, including cell organisation, tumour capsular and vascular invasion, and immunohistochemistry were performed and compared between both biopsy specimens (i.e., UGCNB and EB) of the same dog. Pre- and peroperative visual inspection revealed minor, localised haemorrhage, subsequent to the UGCNB, in 7/9 dogs. Histology of the EBs confirmed TC in 8/9 dogs and was inconclusive in 1/9 dogs. Histology of the UGCNBs revealed neoplastic thyroid tissue in 7/9 UGCNBs and was inconclusive in 1/9 UGCNBs. The remaining UGCNB contained no mass related tissue and was, therefore, excluded. Histological parameters (i.e., cell organisation, tumour capsular and vascular invasion) were not concordant between 6/8 included UGCNBs and their respective EB. Immunolabelling for thyroglobulin and calcitonin was concordant between all eight included UGCNBs and their respective EB. The remaining evaluated immunohistochemical markers (i.e., cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2], P-glycoprotein and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) were concordant between the included UGCNBs and the EBs in 6/8 dogs. To conclude, UGCNBs can be safely obtained in suspected cTCs and enable a reliable diagnosis of the thyroid origin, thyroid cell origin and potential therapeutic markers such as COX-2, P-glycoprotein and VEGF. Subsequently, UGCNB enables clinicians to establish an individually tailored treatment plan in dogs with unresectable TC.     

双低菜籽粕对草鱼和鲤甲状腺、肝、肾组织结构的影响

以组织学方法,研究了投喂不同含量双低菜籽粕对草鱼和鲤甲状腺、肝、肾组织的影响。结果表明:在试验的前28 d,双低菜籽粕各不同含量的日粮(17%、34%、51%、68%)对草鱼甲状腺、肝脏组织没有影响,但菜籽粕含量为68%的试验组草鱼肾小管上皮出现颗粒变性。第42天后,菜籽粕含量为68%的试验组草鱼甲状腺滤泡上皮轻度增生,滤泡结构不规则;菜籽粕含量等于或大于51%的试验组草鱼肝脏出现颗粒变性和空泡变性,肾小球有透明变性,肾脏轻度淤血。在试验的第28天,双低菜籽粕含量等于或大于52.2%的试验组鲤甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞的高度增加,肝细胞空泡变性,有轻微的肾小球透明变性。第42天后菜籽粕含量等于或大于34.8%的试验组鲤甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞的高度增加,滤泡胶质的边缘出现缺刻;肝脏出现淤血,部分肝细胞坏死;肾小球透明变性,肾脏淤血。     

Review and analysis of the potential for glyphosate to interact with the estrogen,androgen and thyroid pathways

Glyphosate was recently evaluated for its potential to interact with the estrogen, androgen and thyroid (EAT) hormone pathways, including steroidogenesis, under the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP), then by Germany, the rapporteur Member State who led the European Annex 1 renewal for glyphosate, and then by the European Food Protection Agency (EFSA) also as part of the Annex 1 renewal for glyphosate. Under the EDSP, 11 Tier 1 assays were run following the USEPA's validated 890‐series test guidelines and included five in vitro and six in vivo assays to evaluate the EAT pathways. Steroidogenesis was evaluated as part of the estrogen and androgen pathways. An up‐to‐date critical review has been conducted that considered results from the EDSP Tier 1 battery, guideline regulatory studies and an in‐depth analysis of the literature studies that informed an endocrine assessment. A strength of this evaluation was that it included data across multiple levels of biological organization, and mammalian and nonmammalian test systems. There was strong agreement across the in vitro and in vivo Tier 1 battery, guideline studies and relevant literature studies, demonstrating that glyphosate does not interact with EAT pathways including steroidogenesis. Based on an analysis of the comprehensive toxicology database for glyphosate and the literature, this review has concluded that glyphosate does not have endocrine‐disrupting properties through estrogen, androgen, thyroid and steroidogenic modes of action. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

甲状腺素与硫尿嘧啶处理第13天鸡胚对其生长发育的影响——Ⅰ.血清甲状腺激素含量及体重的变化

本文应用放射免疫方法,研究了不同甲状腺功能状态下,小鸡出壳前后,血清甲状腺激素含量和体重的变化.结果表明:在孵化中期即可检测出鸡胚血清中 T_4、T_3、rT_3的含量,并分别在孵化的第12,17,19天升到峰值,然后迅速下降.甲状腺素处理第13天鸡胚可使其血清T_4、T_3、rT_3平均含量稍有降低(p>0.01),而硫尿嘧啶却使血清 T_4、T_3含量短暂降低后,有较大升高(p<0.01),同时 rT_3含量也升高。T_4、T_3峰值时间推迟.上述处理对小鸡出壳前后体重无显著影响.     

中国美利奴成母羊促甲状腺激素受体基因的克隆与组织表达

[目的]探讨绵羊TSHR基因序列及组织表达特征,为进一步研究TSHR在绵羊季节性繁殖中作用的分子机理奠定基础.[方法]利用RT-PCR技术克隆绵羊TSHR基因,并对序列进行生物信息学分析;采用半定量RT-PCR技术检测TSHR在绵羊不同组织的表达情况.[结果]以中国美利奴羊卵巢组织cDNA为模板,获得了3 276 bp的TSHR cDNA序列,包括全部编码区序列(Coding Sequence,CDS)长2 295 bp,编码764个氨基酸.TSHR蛋白结构经预测发现存在多个磷酸化位点和蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点.半定量RT-PCR结果显示,绵羊TSHR基因在所检测组织中均有表达,其中在下丘脑、松果体和垂体中呈高丰度表达,在甲状腺、子宫等组织呈中等丰度表达.[结论]从绵羊卵巢组织中克隆到TSHR基因并进行了序列分析;TSHR基因在绵羊各组织中广谱表达,但在下丘脑、松果体、垂体、甲状腺中表达水平较高,提示TSHR在绵羊季节性繁殖等重要生理活动的神经内分泌调节过程中发挥重要作用.     

褐牙鲆早期发育阶段CRH基因表达及 受甲状腺激素的影响

[目的]探析褐牙鲆仔鱼早期发育阶段促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素基因(CRH)的表达情况及受甲状腺激素的影响作用,为开展牙鲆的人工繁育提供科学依据.[方法]通过实时荧光定量PCR检测褐牙鲆早期发育阶段CRH基因表达量,以ELISA测定褐牙鲆仔鱼甲状腺激素(T3和T4)水平,并测定经外源T3浸泡处理后早期发育褐牙鲆仔鱼CRH基因表达量的变化情况,探究CRH和甲状腺激素在褐牙鲆早期发育阶段的影响及作用关系.[结果]1~8日龄褐牙鲆仔鱼CRH基因相对表达量呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,在5日龄达最高值,显著高于其他日龄的仔鱼(P<0.05,下同).10~42日龄褐牙鲆仔鱼CRH基因主要在其头部表达,尾部CRH基因的相对表达量随着生长发育的进程而逐渐增加.褐牙鲆仔鱼变态前期甲状腺激素T4含量逐渐增加,变态高峰期迅速升高,在变态后期呈下降趋势.较其他早期发育时期,甲状腺激素T3在褐牙鲆变态期维持高水平,但含量低于甲状腺激素T4.22日龄褐牙鲆仔鱼经50 nmol/L外源T3处理2 h后,其头部和尾部CRH基因的相对表达量显著升高;但以外源T3处理8 h后,无论是头部还是尾部,CRH基因的相对表达量均呈显著下降趋势.[结论]褐牙鲆早期变态发育需CRH基因高表达及甲状腺激素积累,二者对褐牙鲆早期变态发育阶段具有重要作用并呈互相代偿效应.     

中华蟾蜍蝌蚪变态过程中甲状腺的组织学变化

【目的】研究中华蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans)蝌蚪在不同发育阶段甲状腺的组织学变化。【方法】以处于变态高峰前后5期（28,33,38,42,46期）的中华蟾蜍蝌蚪为试验材料,用Motic BA300光学显微镜对各个发育时期蝌蚪的甲状腺进行组织学观察,测定蝌蚪的全长、体质量和肝质量等形态指标,并分析这些形态指标与甲状腺直径、滤泡平均直径及最大直径的线性相关性。【结果】在28期时,中华蟾蜍蝌蚪甲状腺出现但无分泌甲状腺激素的功能;33期时,甲状腺具备了分泌甲状腺激素的能力;此后甲状腺进一步发育,在蝌蚪前肢展开期甲状腺活性达到最强;至尾完全吸收期,甲状腺机能减弱。蝌蚪全长、体质量及肝质量与甲状腺直径及滤泡直径呈正线性相关。【结论】具有分泌机能的甲状腺出现的发育时期,与两栖动物变态类型相关;分泌高峰期出现的发育时期与幼体持续时间密切相关。中华蟾蜍蝌蚪的全长可以直观地反映其甲状腺的机能活性。     

Changes in thyroid hormone levels in eggs and larvae and in iodide uptake by eggs of coho and chinook salmon,Oncorhynchus kisutsch andO. tschawytscha

Developmental profiles of thyroxin (T₄), triiodothyronine (T₃) and radioactive iodide uptake were established for eggs and T₄ and T₃ profiles were established for larvae (whole-body, yolk-only and body-only) of coho and chinook salmon. T₄ and T₃ were consistently present in all samples. In eggs, hormone levels remained fairly constant in all cohorst for at least the first three weeks of incubation, but then fluctuated in both directions in some sample groups. Large increases in T₄ (from 9 ng/g to 245 ng/g) were seen in 1985 chinook eggs 28 days after fertilization. Radioactive iodide uptake (which was used as a possible indicator of thyroxinogenesis) increased at least 10-fold in both 1986 coho and chinook eggs from 23–30 days after fertilization. T₄ (62 ng/g) and T₃ (393 ng/g) were found in the bodies of 28-day-old 1986 chinook embryos. In whole larvae, hormone levels varied depending upon the cohort studied. In general, initial body-only concentrations of both T₄ and T₃ decreased as body weight increased, but before yolksac resorption was completed, both thyroid hormone content and concentration increased (except for chinook T₃). T₄ and T₃ content in larval yolk stayed constant as yolksac size decreased, resulting in increased thyroid hormone concentration in the yolksac. All of these data suggest that the initial source of thyroid hormones in coho and chinook salmon eggs is maternal, but that by approximately 3–4 weeks after fertilization, the developing embryos begin to produce their own thyroid hormones. After hatching, increases in tissue T₄ and T₃ concentration coupled with constant T₄ and T₃ content in diminishing yolksacs suggest that larvae also produce their own thyroid hormones; yolksac content then may reflect both the original maternal hormones and the larva-producted hormones.