汽提污水中有机物的GC／MS分析

应用了ＧＣ／ＭＳ方法分析炼油厂汽提污水中的有机物，其结果可作为实用除油技术的依据。     

梳脱式联合收割机脱粒与输送装置模糊控制系统

建立了梳脱式联合收割机脱粒与输送装置的动力学模型，应用Fuzzytoo1box设计了模糊控制器。当作物属性变化等因素而引起该装置的工作负荷发生较大变化时，模糊控制器能够对机组前进速度傲出相应的调整，使被控量迅速恢复到设定值附近，且能保持稳定，有利于发挥机器的最大的工作潜能，提高机器的可靠性，降低机器故障率。     

土壤铅和镉溶出伏安法检测中影响因素及其削弱方法研究进展

溶出伏安法具有分析速度快、成本低、灵敏度高等优点被广泛应用于检测土壤重金属含量,但在检测土壤重金属时,溶出伏安检测精度会受到多方面因素的影响。该文在介绍溶出伏安法工作原理的基础上,从伏安参数、试验条件和土壤物质成分三方面阐述溶出伏安法检测土壤Pb2+和Cd2+为的影响因素,解析各因素的影响机理,归纳影响削弱方法的研究进展。研究结论为：方波脉冲阳极溶出伏安法最常用于检测土壤Pb2+和Cd2+,伏安参数包括脉冲幅值、电压增量和脉冲频率,试验条件包括沉积时间、沉积电压和支持电解质种类及其pH值,土壤成分主要干扰因素包括非目标重金属和有机质。针对伏安参数和试验条件的影响可以设计优化试验有效削弱。针对非目标重金属和有机质的干扰影响,目前研究还没有提出有效的削弱方法。最后,展望了溶出伏安法检测土壤重金属的未来发展方向。     

玉米梳齿摘穗单体机构设计与试验

针对现有玉米收获机摘穗机构行距固定,难以实现按需调整以适应各类行距的问题,设计了一种玉米梳齿摘穗单体机构。该机构主要由梳齿滚筒、梳齿杆、梳齿杆安装座及传动轴等组成。相邻两梳齿杆的间隙小于玉米果穗大端的直径且大于玉米茎秆的直径,利用冲力将玉米果穗强制摘下。初步试验表明,玉米梳齿摘穗单体机构能够可靠地完成玉米摘穗作业。在玉米籽粒含水率为35.5%,玉米梳齿摘穗单体机构转速为110~170 r/min时,工作状况较好,籽粒破碎率的范围为0.14%~0.48%,落地籽粒损失率范围为0.03%~0.17%。正交试验结果表明,当转速为110 r/min,梳齿杆圆弧半径为240 mm,梳齿传动轴位于果穗大端下方100 mm时工作情况较好,籽粒破碎率为0.09%,落地籽粒损失率为0.04%,果穗损失率为1.96%。     

近水平复合煤层露天矿备采煤量留设位置与保有期优化

为了确定经济合理的露天矿备采煤量留设位置和保有期,运用露天开采基本原理与统计分析方法,分析新时期露天煤矿的发展变化特点及其对备采煤量留设位置和保有期的影响;以经济效益最优为判断准则,研究复合煤层露天矿备采煤量留设位置与内排运距的关系,建立备采煤量留设位置优化模型;研究季节性剥离露天矿备采煤量保有期与剥离成本、运输成本以及资金时间价值的关系,建立备采煤量保有期优化模型。以内蒙古东部地区某露天矿为研究实例,确定了该矿经济合理的备采煤量保有期为6.5个月,备采煤量应全部留在1号煤层。研究结果表明：该优化模型可用于指导露天矿生产,有效降低剥离成本,提高经济效益。     

两段式花生摘果特性试验研究

为探明两段式收获条件下花生摘果特性,提高花生联合收获机的收获质量,以江苏宿迁地区天府9号为试验对象,应用室内与田间试验相结合的研究方法,研究收获期影响摘果特性的主要因素,揭示花生荚果含水率、晾晒时间、果柄力学特性和摘果作业质量的内在关系。结果表明:基于不同的试验条件与方法,果柄拉断力有所差异,但随晾晒时间(含水率)变化趋势一致,在晾晒2~3天时,果柄拉断力达到峰值,且秧柄节点拉断力大于果柄节点;确定最佳摘果时间为晾晒5~6天,并经捡拾联合收获机摘果试验验证。研究结果为摘果装置的结构参数和运动参数提供了直接依据,并为两段式收获模式下最佳捡拾摘果时间提供了参考,同时为深入研究摘果效率与摘果损失提供了参考。     

不同剥制机械对苎麻纤维产量及品质的影响

为明确不同纤维剥制机械对苎麻纤维产量和品质的影响,以苎麻品种‘中苎3号’为试验材料,研究了3种剥制机械（简易刮麻器、回拉式剥麻机、反拉式剥麻机）对原麻颜色、出麻率、单纤维强力和含胶量的影响。结果表明,不同机械剥制原麻产量与品质存在显著差异。3种机器剥制的原麻颜色均偏黄色,简易刮麻器剥制的麻纤维明度最亮,反拉式剥麻机剥制的原麻红色最深。简易刮麻器剥制麻与回拉式剥麻机剥制麻出麻率无显著差异,显著低于反拉式剥麻机剥制麻,但反拉式剥麻机出麻率较高,原因主要是总胶质含量显著较高（28.21%）。不同剥制机械所获原麻的单纤维强力也存在显著差异,由高到低依次为简易刮麻器＞回拉式剥麻机＞反拉式剥麻机。综上所述,简易刮麻器剥制原麻质量最好,回拉式剥麻机优于反拉式剥麻机。上述结果为苎麻剥麻机的选择提供理论依据。     

应用气提原油稳定工艺提高轻烃回收率

对中原油田采油一厂文一联，文三联负压原油稳定装置存在的问题进行分析，利用ASPEN－PLUS软件对原油稳定塔内的平衡汽化，平衡冷凝过程进行模拟计算，确定量佳工艺参数，在此基础上对负压原油稳定装置进行了改造，介绍了履行后的气提原油稳定轻烃回收技术的作用的效益。     

Concentration of selected heavy metals in spices,dry fruits and plant nuts

Different spices, dry fruits and plant nuts commonly consumed in Pakistan were assayed for the heavy metals cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, iron and manganese by the potentiometric stripping analysis and AA spectrophotometry. The results revealed wide variation in heavy metal content among different biological materials. Mixed spices generally exhibited higher value for trace metals specially lead (6.6–9.2 µg/g), cadmium (0.65–1.34 µg/g), iron (142.3–285.0 µg/g) and zinc (64.2–65.8 µg/g). Dry fruits contained relatively lesser amounts of heavy metals than plant nuts. Almonds contained higher levels of lead (1.02 µg/g) and cadmium (0.24 µg/g) than other nuts and dry fruits.     

Variation of pesticide concentration in sheep dips operated according to traditional and revised methods

OBJECTIVE: To quantify stripping in traditional dipping operations and to revise dipping methods, based on prediction of stripping so that a more stable concentration of pesticide in the dipwash is achieved. DESIGN AND METHODS: Plunge and shower dips were operated sequentially according to traditional and revised dipping instructions. Dips were operated by continuous and intermittent replenishment. Samples of mixed dipwash were collected periodically and assayed for pesticide (diazinon) concentration. RESULTS: Diagrammatic representations of pesticide concentration versus number of sheep dipped indicated traditional dipping leads to wide variations in the concentration of pesticide in dipwash during dipping. Intermittent replenishment led to a 'saw-tooth' pattern in the pesticide concentration. Traditional continuous replenishment (using the starting concentration of pesticide) indicated both the rate and extent of stripping was higher in shower dipping. If sufficient sheep were dipped, equilibrium was reached between the rate of pesticide replenishment and removal. An alternative method of dip operation by continuous replenishment, using a low starting concentration of pesticide and a replenishment concentration high enough to offset the pesticide loss through stripping resulted in a more stable concentration of pesticide in the dip. CONCLUSION: Revision of dipping instructions can lead to exposure of sheep to stable concentrations of stripping pesticide during dipping.