农业保险保费补贴政策是否缓解了农产品市场风险

最近几年的中央一号文件均有涉及深化农业保险发展的内容,在进一步推进农业保险前,探究农业保险保费补贴政策是否有效降低农产品市场风险有显著的政策和现实意义。本文以首批中央财政农业保险保费补贴的农产品水稻、玉米、小麦、大豆和棉花为例,首先利用Chow检验判断中央财政出台农业保险保费补贴政策是否为大宗农产品价格变化的一个间断点,之后利用GARCH模型探究中央财政施行农业保险保费补贴后,农产品市场价格波动的风险是否发生显著变化。结果表明,农业保险保费补贴政策实施后,水稻、玉米、小麦、大豆和棉花价格的变异系数明显下降;中央财政对农业保险保费补贴是这5类农产品价格变动的一个间断点。GARCH模型证实了农业保险保费补贴政策降低了这5类农产品价格的波动程度,即农业保险保费补贴政策缓解了大宗粮棉油农产品市场风险。研究表明,中央财政补贴农业保险保费的政策,实际上是利用市场化手段间接管控农业风险,这种方式是有效的,夯实了农业保险扩面、增品、提标的必要性。     

Validation of the accuracy of household reporting of subsistence fishing catch and effort: a Fijian case study

Abstract  The accuracy of household reporting of subsistence fishing catch and effort and seafood consumption on the Fijian island of Ono-i-Lau was studied. A creel survey was carried out concurrently to validate the household survey data. Reported estimates of fishing participation, effort, and fish consumption were not significantly different to the creel survey estimates. Householder's appeared to overestimate the number of fish from the most abundant family Lethrinidae, and underestimate rarer fish. However, there was no significant difference between the reported and observed contribution of the majority of finfish families and invertebrate taxa. The reported and observed catch rate estimates were not significantly different, indicating that Ono-i-Lau villagers are relatively accurate in their estimation of the number and size of fish from recalled catches.     

A commentary on current approaches to forest population genetics

Some of the most frequently chosen approaches to forest population genetics as reflected in the present volume are discussed, and some topics possibly deserving more attention are addressed. Among the first are studies of self-fertilization as a characteristic of forest tree mating systems, gene markers as indicators of adaptive or phylogenetic differentiation, and methodological aspects of the measurement of genetic differentiation. The latter mainly concern generalizable methods of analysis and the involvement of gene markers in the determination of mating systems, detection of mechanisms of frequency dependent selection, and the incorporation of genetic profiles (characteristics of frequency distributions of genetic types) into population genetic analysis.     

Can carbon sequestration markets benefit low-income producers in semi-arid Africa? Potentials and challenges

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change allows a country that emits C above agreed-upon limits to purchase C offsets from an entity that uses biological means to absorb or reduce greenhouse emissions. The CDM is currently offered for afforestation and reforestation projects, but may apply subsequently to sequestration in agricultural soils. Additionally, markets outside of the Protocol are developing for soil C sequestration.     

海珍品长途活体运输试验

对虾苗、亲虾及商品海珍品进行保活长途运输试验；结果表明，运输成活率与长途运输时间、运输密度及水温之间有密切关系。在正常水温下，虾苗运输时间长短与其运输密度成反比；亲虾运输，每袋以2－3尾亲虾为宜。海珍品运输与水体pH值密切相关；pH值越低，其运输成活率越低。     

临时收储政策退出对玉米期货和现货价格发现功能的影响

借助改进的蛛网模型,分析了临时收储政策退出对我国玉米期货和现货市场价格发现功能的影响机理;并综合运用滚动协整、VECM、BEKK-GARCH与IS模型,系统探究了2009-2019年我国临储政策及其改革对玉米期货和现货市场价格发现功能的影响.研究发现:1)我国玉米期货和现货价格存在相互引导关系.2)BEKK-GARCH...     

Transmission Congestion Management Based on Power Influence Coefficient

Basing eliminating on the idea that the generator who has the most influence on the power flow of line is mostly in favor of transmission congestion, the model of congestion management with the object of minimizing adjustments of bufions varied with generation outputs is proposed. It can eliminate the congestion effectively by judging the generators who should be adjusted and the amounts of adjustment. The test on IEEE-RTS24 buses system and other practical systems show that the proposed method is effective.     

Linking water market functioning, access to water resources and farm production strategies: example from Pakistan

As a response to inadequacy in canal water supplies, farmers in Pakistan have invested in private tubewells to control irrigation water resources. Also, they participate in surface water and groundwater markets that take place within tertiary units of the irrigation system.The present paper describes the functioning and organization of these water markets, using information collected in sample watercourses of the Fordwah Branch irrigation system, South-Punjab, Pakistan. The variability in type and intensity of water markets is investigated with regard to access to water resources and farm production strategies and constraints.     

Spatial integration of freshwater fish markets in the Northern Baltic Sea area

Freshwater fish species and Baltic salmon (Salmo salar) are important to small-scale fisheries in Finland and Sweden. The formerly local markets for these species have expanded as trade has been opened up to international competition. In this study we use cointegration analysis to test the spatial integration of freshwater fish markets in Finland and between Finland and Sweden. The analysed fish species are salmon, perch (Perca fluviatilis), pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), European whitefish (Goregonus lavaretus) and pike (Exos lucius), and the data covers ex-vessel prices from 1993 or 1995 to 2004. We found that the regional prices in Finland were cointegrated. This indicates that the prices are determined on a single market in Finland. Moreover, the study suggests that Finnish and Swedish markets in Baltic salmon, whitefish, pikeperch and perch were partially integrated, while integration of pike markets could not be found. The political implication is that an essential part of the local small-scale fisheries’ operational environment is determined outside the national borders.     

多棘海盘车用作新型海洋食品原料的可行性研究

多棘海盘车（ Ａｓｔｅｒｉａｓ ａｍｕｒｅｎｓｉｓ） 在中国沿海居民中有长期食用的历史,其可食部为生殖腺（ 海星黄） ,但有麻辣感。海星黄含蛋白质达１５ ．４６ ％ ,其氨基酸组成齐全,必需氨基酸间比例合理。海星黄还富含微量元素、维生素、脂肪等营养元素,脂质中不饱和脂肪酸含量尤为丰富。海星黄麻辣味可能由硫酸酯甾体皂甙引起,大部分可通过脱麻辣味及脱毒操作除去。急性毒性试验中,小鼠灌胃８ 和１２ ｇ／ｋｇ 脱毒的海星黄,未见毒性反应;短期喂养试验（１２ ｇ／ｋｇ ,３０ ｄ） 也未见毒性反应。两项试验中,小鼠肝、心、肾、肺和脾均未见异常。建议人的最大无毒剂量１ ｇ／ｋｇ ,最大允许摄入剂量０ ．５ ｇ／ｋｇ 。海星黄经脱麻辣味及脱毒、调味等步骤,制得２ 种食品,具有较好的感观且营养丰富。海星壳所含蛋白质主要为胶原蛋白,以胃蛋白酶促溶蛋白为主,具有典型胶原蛋白氨基酸组成特点,可在食品工业用作明胶。初步结论为,多棘海盘车可用作高营养、无毒、加工利用性好的新型海洋食品原料。