皱纹盘鲍浅海养殖技术探讨

从北方引进皱纹盘鲍子一代杂交种苗,在罗源湾岗屿周边海域养殖,经过2年的试养取得可喜结果,解决了现有盘鲍种质严重退化的棘手问题,改善了鲍的种质。     

发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长、饲料利用和消化酶活力的影响

为研究发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长、饲料效率、表观消化率和消化酶活力的影响,以枯草芽孢杆菌有氧发酵豆粕替代部分鱼粉配置5组等氮、等能的实验饲料。发酵豆粕的添加量为0%(FM组)、10%(FSM10组)、15%(FSM20组)、20%(FSM30组)、25%(FSM40组),分别替代0%、10%、20%、30%、40%的鱼粉。初始体质量(19.83±0.33) g的大口黑鲈,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,每天饲喂2次(7:00和17:00),养殖75 d。结果显示：各组饲料系数无显著性差异,FSM20和FSM30组的均末重和特定生长率显著高于其他各组;各组蛋白质效率无显著性差异,FSM组的摄食量显著高于FM组,FSM40组的蛋白质沉积率和脂肪沉积率显著低于其他组;各组全鱼粗蛋白无显著性差异,在FSM20组出现最大值;FSM组的全鱼粗脂肪显著低于FM组;各组之间的蛋白质消化率和脂肪消化率无显著性差异,FSM30和FSM40的干物质表观消化率显著低于其他组;低于15%(FSM20组)替代,FSM组与FM组的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力无显著差异。     

海岛棉植株测试推荐施肥技术初步研究

通过膜下滴灌条件下海岛棉多水平氮肥试验,分析了海岛棉倒四叶叶柄硝酸盐浓度、生物量、植株全氮和产量的关系,结果表明:海岛棉倒四叶叶柄硝酸盐浓度能够快速、灵敏地反映作物的氮营养状况,可用作海岛棉的氮素营养诊断及氮肥需要量的测算指标.用一元二次模型模拟氮肥与产量之间的关系,得到经济氮量为206 kg/hm2,相应产量为1 182 kg/hm2,棉株花期叶柄硝酸盐浓度与施氮量和产量之间有显著的相关性,以此为依据建立海岛棉植株硝酸盐诊断的氮肥推荐模型,并计算出花期时不同硝酸盐测试值所对应的氮肥追肥用量.     

2种规格斜带髭鲷形态性状对体质量影响的相关分析

2008年12月至2009年12月期间,随机采集南麂海区养殖的斜带髭鲷(Hapalogenys nitens)1龄鱼211尾,3龄鱼114尾,以体质量(y,g)为因变量,体长(x1,cm)、体高(x2,cm)及尾长(x3,cm)等形态性状为自变量,计算相关系数、通径系数、决定系数及身体状况指数,研究了该鱼体质量与形态性状的内在关系。结果表明:形态性状与体质量的相关系数均达极显著水平(P<0.01),对1龄与3龄鱼体质量的决定系数分别为体长>体高>尾长和体高>体长>尾长,多元线性回归方程分别为:y=-86.259 1+9.370 1x1+6.388 9x2+2.182 6x3(R2=0.904 4**)和y=-652.440 6+17.085 8x1+58.239 8x2+22.089 1x3(R2=0.820 9**)。优度拟合显示:1龄与3龄鱼身体状况指数最佳表示分别为CFJ=M/(HL2)和CFR=M/(H2L)。该研究为斜带髭鲷形态学与选育研究提供参考依据。     

离岸深水抗风浪网箱养殖海鲈体长与体重的关系

探索了离岸深水抗风浪网箱养殖海鲈的生长参数。养殖海域水温全年平均温度为(23.4±5.8)℃,全年平均盐度为(22.9±4.5)‰。在深水抗风浪网箱养殖中,海鲈的饲料系数(FCR)保持在1.78~1.97,整体存活率为(89.3±5.39)%。海鲈体长与体重关系可用W=0.014 9L3.026 5(R2=0.956)表达,所获b值高于长江与珠江口处所报道数值,但低于韩国Baekya岛海域所报道数值。     

海参皂苷的分离提取与生物活性

海参具有较高的营养价值和药用价值.海参皂苷具有抗肿瘤,抗菌等多种生物活性,具有重大的应用价值和广阔的应用前景.本文对海参皂苷的提取、分离纯化、分析方法及生物活性进行初步的介绍.     

Avian predation on wild and cultured sea urchin <Emphasis Type="Italic">Strongylocentrotus intermedius</Emphasis> in a rocky shore habitat

ABSTRACT:   The present study reports the annual variation in consumption of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius by avian predators on a rocky shore where the culture of sea urchins has been conducted. Carrion crow and a few gull species were the most abundant avian predators and consumed a large number of sea urchins. Crows consumed mostly natural sea urchins, approximately 36 kg ww/ha per year on the intertidal rocky bench, but the gull species consumed mostly cultured sea urchins, approximately 100 kg ww/ha per year in the culture area. The seasonal variation in the amount of sea urchins consumed by crows was higher than that by the gull species, presumably because of the difference in foraging behavior in association with the seasonal tidal cycle. The natural sea urchins consumed are an allochthonous input from the subtidal to the intertidal habitat, and thus, crow predation may not affect the natural and the cultured populations of the sea urchin. The gull species consumed much of the cultured sea urchin, and thus, may be regarded as an effective predator causing damage to sea urchin culture. The results suggest that further studies are needed to determine why the gull species selectively feed on cultured sea urchins.     

Fucose-Rich Sulfated Polysaccharides from Two Vietnamese Sea Cucumbers Bohadschia argus and Holothuria (Theelothuria) spinifera: Structures and Anticoagulant Activity

Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (FCSs) FCS-BA and FCS-HS, as well as fucan sulfates (FSs) FS-BA-AT and FS-HS-AT were isolated from the sea cucumbers Bohadschia argus and Holothuria (Theelothuria) spinifera, respectively. Purification of the polysaccharides was carried out by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel column. Structural characterization of polysaccharides was performed in terms of monosaccharide and sulfate content, as well as using a series of non-destructive NMR spectroscopic methods. Both FCSs were shown to contain a chondroitin core [→3)-β-d-GalNAc-(1→4)-β-d-GlcA-(1→]_n bearing sulfated fucosyl branches at O-3 of every GlcA residue in the chain. These fucosyl residues were different in pattern of sulfation: FCS-BA contained Fuc2S4S, Fuc3S4S and Fuc4S at a ratio of 1:8:2, while FCS-HS contained these residues at a ratio of 2:2:1. Polysaccharides differed also in content of GalNAc4S6S and GalNAc4S units, the ratios being 14:1 for FCS-BA and 4:1 for FCS-HS. Both FCSs demonstrated significant anticoagulant activity in clotting time assay and potentiated inhibition of thrombin, but not of factor Xa. FS-BA-AT was shown to be a regular linear polymer of 4-linked α-L-fucopyranose 3-sulfate, the structure being confirmed by NMR spectra of desulfated polysaccharide. In spite of considerable sulfate content, FS-BA-AT was practically devoid of anticoagulant activity. FS-HS-AT cannot be purified completely from contamination of some FCS. Its structure was tentatively represented as a mixture of chains identical with FS-BA-AT and other chains built up of randomly sulfated alternating 4- and 3-linked α-L-fucopyranose residues.     

Secondary Metabolites and Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Analysis of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent-Derived Streptomyces sp. SCSIO ZS0520

Streptomyces sp. SCSIO ZS0520 is a deep-sea hydrothermal vent-derived actinomycete. Our previous metabolism investigation showed that Streptomyces sp. SCSIO ZS0520 is a producer of cytotoxic actinopyrones. Here, another four types of secondary metabolites were identified, including six salinomycin isomers (2–7), the macrolide elaiophylin (8), the triterpene N-acetyl-aminobacteriohopanetriol (9), and the pyrone minipyrone (10). Among them, compounds 2–6 and 10 are new compounds. To understand the biosynthetic pathway of these compounds, a bioinformatic analysis of the whole genome was carried out, which identified 34 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. Next, the biosynthetic pathways responsive to four types of products were deduced on the basis of gene function predictions and structure information. Taken together, these findings prove the metabolite potential of ZS0520 and lay the foundations to solve the remaining biosynthetic issues in four types of marine natural products.