海贝柱自动晾晒设备设计

针对当前传统人工晾晒海贝柱效率低下、容易造成污染等问题。设计了海贝柱自动晾晒机械,采用阶梯式晾晒生产线对湿海贝柱分级晾晒,多条晾晒生产线分时、高效的工作,机器上方设有遮板以保证晾晒作业不被污染而且不受天气条件的影响。整机采用stm32单片机、传感器等技术实现自动化作业,机器控制系统监测到生产线发生故障或海贝柱出现堆积时会立即停止工作以便于检查故障、减少损失。试验结果表明:机械晾晒不会造成海贝柱内的营养成分的流失,机械晾晒海贝柱的干基含水率达到30%仅需12h,机械晾晒海贝柱能节省大量的干燥时间,显著的提高了晾晒效率,避免了人工晾晒过程导致的二次污染和损失。该研究为海贝柱自动晾晒机械的研制提供了技术参考。     

扇贝加工废弃物蛋白酶解及其酶解产物分子量分布的研究

对用复合酶酶解扇贝加工废弃物制备水解蛋白的工艺进行了研究,通过正交试验方法确定了用两种复合酶酶解的最适水解条件。结果表明,用枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶和风味酶复合酶酶解的最佳酶解参数为:加酶量比为2∶1,温度为65℃,pH为7.0,时间为5 h,水解液氨基酸态氮含量为50.3%,蛋白质水解度为95.5%。用木瓜蛋白酶和风味酶复合酶酶解的最佳酶解参数为:加酶量比为2∶1,温度为65℃,pH为7.0,时间为5 h,水解液氨基酸态氮含量为43.2%,蛋白质水解度为85.0%。用SephadexG-15葡聚糖凝胶柱层析法对水解产物的分析结果表明,两种混合酶的酶解产物为蛋白肽和游离氨基酸,其相对分子质量均集中分布在585和150左右。     

扇贝种间杂交的可行性及幼体早期发育的初步研究

用栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri、海湾扇贝Argopecten irradians、虾夷扇贝Patinopecten yessoensis和华贵栉孔扇贝Chlamys nobilis进行多种杂交组合及自交,试验分为8组,即海湾扇贝♀×虾夷扇贝♂、虾夷扇贝♀×海湾扇贝♂、虾夷扇贝♀×华贵栉孔扇贝♂、虾夷扇贝♀×栉孔扇贝♂、栉孔扇贝♀×虾夷扇贝♂5个杂交组和虾夷扇贝、海湾扇贝、栉孔扇贝3个自交组,在不同温度下比较了各杂交组配子的亲和力,同时对胚胎发育及早期幼虫的生长结果进行比较。结果发现,在适温范围内各杂交组正、反交均可受精,其中栉孔扇贝♀×虾夷扇贝♂、虾夷扇贝♀×栉孔扇贝♂杂交组受精率较高,可达80%以上;杂交子一代的D型幼虫大小性状与母本相似。另外还对杂交组合受精率、成活率较低的成因进行了探讨。     

华贵栉孔扇贝数量性状的相关性及通径分析

为查明华贵栉孔扇贝（Chlamys nobilis）数量性状间的相关性,随机选取526只扇贝,对其形态性状（壳高、壳长、绞合线长和壳厚）和质量性状（总质量、贝柱鲜质量、鲜肉质量、干肉质量和贝柱干质量）进行测量,采用多元回归与通径分析方法研究了5个易测数量性状（壳高、壳长、绞合线长、壳厚和总质量）对鲜肉质量、贝柱鲜质量和贝柱干质量的影响。结果表明,总质量与鲜肉质量、贝柱鲜质量和叭柱干质量呈极显著的正相关（P〈0．01）。多元回归与通径分析显示,这5个易测数量性状指标中,总质量对3个经济性状的正面影响非常大,其他指标的影响较小甚至不明显。     

流沙湾养殖华贵栉孔扇贝体色多态性研究

对雷州半岛西部流沙湾养殖的华贵栉孔扇贝（Chlamys nobilis）群体进行了体色多态性研究。结果显示,在调查的10个苗种来源不同、总抽样数量为5 954个个体的养殖群体中,壳色可分为6类,分别是橘黄色（62.31%）、枣褐色（14.51%）、紫白色（12.46%）、橘黄间紫色（6.43%）、紫顶枣褐色（3.46%）和黄顶紫黄色（0.82%）;6类壳色群体的闭壳肌颜色均存在白、黄2色,且白色比例均显著高于黄色,其中黄色闭壳肌比例最高的是橘黄色（18.79%）;华贵栉孔扇贝成熟的生殖腺颜色分为黄、乳白2色,分别代表雌性和雄性,性比与闭壳肌颜色相关。研究表明,华贵栉孔扇贝壳色以橘黄色为主（P〈0.05）,闭壳肌颜色以白色为主（P〈0.05）;壳色与闭壳肌颜色存在一定的相关性,带“黄”壳色个体黄色闭壳肌比例较高（P〈0.05）;黄色闭壳肌群体雌性比例显著高于雄性（P〈0.01）。     

Culture of mantle epithelial cells expressing shell matrix proteins from scallop Patinopecten yessoensis

ABSTRACT:   In molluscs, mantle epithelial cells secrete organic matrix proteins to form shells. In this study, we established a culture of mantle epithelial cells by using the mantle pallial layer of scallops. We aimed to identify the mantle epithelial cells expressing scallop shell matrix proteins and establish a culture system of epithelial cells. After the mantle pallial layer was carefully isolated from the mantle tissue, explant culture was performed at 4°C. Most cells that migrated from the explant tissue were round cells. Most of the adhered cells retained round morphology, while some of the cells adhered to the dish and showed morphology similar to that of epithelial-like and fibroblast-like cells. When the cultured cells were immunostained with a polyclonal antibody against the shell matrix protein, the antibody recognized many of the adhered cells. An estimation of the number of epithelial cells revealed that approximately 70% of the adhered cells were epithelial cells. This is the first report to describe epithelial cells in cultured mantle cells, which express shell matrix proteins. This culture system may be a useful method for characterization of the mantle epithelial cells.     

Efficacy of Netminder® silicone release coating for biofouling reduction in bay scallop grow‐out and comparative effects on scallop survival,growth and reproduction

Netminder^®, a water‐based silicone barrier release coating, was highly effective in reducing biofouling of lantern nets during grow‐out/overwintering of bay scallops, Argopecten irradians irradians, in a large‐scale restoration programme in New York, USA. Compared with untreated nets, scallops held in Netminder^®‐coated nets experienced reduced survival after 8 months, probably due to higher loads of epibionts on their shells. However, this was countered by higher reproductive and overall condition of scallops in treated vs. untreated nets; there were no consistent differences in shell growth in different net treatments. Although further testing is recommended under a wider range of conditions, we conclude that for the purposes of our scallop restoration work, coating nets with Netminder^® would eliminate the need for a gear change in spring, thus reducing labour costs; the coating process should be refined so that Velcro closures of nets do not become sealed shut.     

Comparison of early life history stages of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians: Effects of microalgal diets on growth and biochemical composition

The culture of bay scallops, Argopecten irradians, is limited by a reliable and affordable supply of spat and the ability to ensure that animals attain market size within a single growing season. The main goals of our study were thus: (1) to develop growth-optimizing algal diets for implementation in hatcheries, and (2) to identify and compare bay scallop postlarval and juvenile dietary requirements, especially of lipids and fatty acids, which if met may enhance production. Nutritional needs of postlarval bay scallops (present study) are compared with those of sea scallops, Placopecten magellanicus, offered the same diets in a previous companion study. To this end, postlarval (initial shell height, SH = 240 μm) and juvenile (initial SH = 10 mm) bay scallops were offered 6–7 microalgal diet combinations at 20 °C, for 3 weeks. A similar growth ranking among diets was observed between the two developmental stages. A combination diet of Pavlova sp. (CCMP 459) and Chaetoceros muelleri was far superior to any other diet tested, yielding growth rates of 58 and 357 μm day^− 1 which were 65% and 25% higher than the next highest performing diet of Tetraselmis striata/C. muelleri in postlarvae and juveniles, respectively. The T. striata/C. muelleri diet, which is limited in the n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), yielded very poor growth of sea scallop postlarvae in a prior study, indicating that bay scallops may have less stringent requirements for DHA than sea scallops. The Pav 459/C. muelleri diet, which also supported the highest growth of sea scallop postlarvae, is characterized by elevated levels of the n-6 fatty acids, arachidonic (AA) in C. muelleri and 4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic (DPA) in Pav 459. The two diets deficient in AA and n-6 DPA, Pavlova lutheri/Thalassiosira weissflogii and P. lutheri/Fragilaria familica, yielded the lowest growth rates in both bay scallop postlarvae and juveniles. Tissue enrichment of these two fatty acids relative to the diet, as well as overall enrichment in ∑n-6 fatty acids was observed across developmental stages and dietary treatments. A similar pattern has previously been observed in sea scallop postlarvae, suggesting a dietary requirement for n-6 fatty acids in pectinids that has often been overlooked in the past.     

栉孔扇贝秋季苗种培育、生长特性的初步研究

2004年9月20日～2005年5月9日,在红岛蛤原良种开发有限公司贝类育苗场进行了栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri秋季苗种培育及其生长特性的研究。2004年11月中旬得到的壳高约0.1cm的秋季苗种2.2×106粒,在育苗池中暂养,12月份当水温降到8℃左右时移秋季苗种到保温效果比较好的藻类培育池中培养,苗种可安全过冬。次年5月当海区水温回升到10℃左右时将该苗种移到海上养殖区。2005年5～12月,通过对秋季苗种进行定点采样调查和生物学特性测定,结果表明,扇贝壳高的特定生长率SGR(%/d)在0.22±0.30～3.18±0.41之间,壳高与壳长的关系式为L=0.8101H-0.076,壳高、壳长与体重的关系式分别为W=0.1521H2.6268,W=03625L2.2191,成活率(%)在85±2.45～97.2±2.0之间。5～12月栉孔扇贝没有出现大量死亡现象,顺利地度过了夏季高温期。