鲁氏耶尔森氏菌外膜蛋白ompF基因的分子克隆、生物信息学与免疫原性分析

为筛选潜在的保护性抗原基因研制鲁氏耶尔森氏菌（Yersinia ruckeri）基因工程疫苗,实验利用特异性引物扩增分离自斑点叉尾（Ictalurus punctatus）的Y.ruckeri外膜蛋白omp F基因并对其进行分子克隆,应用相关软件和程序对其核苷酸及氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析,并进行了omp F蛋白的表达和免疫原性检测。结果显示,omp F基因全长1 095 bp（Gen Bank登录号KP159420）,包含一个编码364个氨基酸的完整开放阅读框,其氨基酸序列具有极高保守性,与Y.ruckeri外膜穿孔蛋白omp F（Gen Bank登录号ADK27779.1）亲缘关系最近,序列一致性为99.2%,进化树聚为一支;具有1个革兰氏阴性菌穿孔蛋白保守结构域,存在1个信号肽和1个跨膜区,是一种跨膜蛋白;具有12个与免疫相关的抗原决定簇区域。SDS-PAGE分析发现该蛋白主要以包涵体形式表达在沉淀,经Western-bolt显示omp F蛋白具有较好的免疫原性。以上结果表明omp F基因可作为Y.ruckeri基因工程疫苗的候选抗原基因。 

     

Therapeutic Intervention with Dietary Chitosan Nanoparticles Alleviates Fish Pathological and Molecular Systemic Inflammatory Responses against Infections

Marine bio-sourced chitosan nanoparticles (CSNP) are antimicrobial and immunomodulatory agents beneficial for fish medicine. Herein, dietary CSNP was investigated for the amelioration of the systemic inflammatory responses of an induced fish model. One hundred and forty-four rainbow trout were assigned to one pathogen-free and non-supplemented group (negative control), and three challenged groups: non-supplemented (positive control), CSNP-preventive, and CSNP-therapeutic. After a feeding experiment extended for 21 days, the organosomatic indices (OSI) and molecular aspects were assessed. After a challenge experiment extended for further 28 days, CSNP-therapeutic intervention was assessed on fish survival and systemic inflammatory responses on pathology, histo-morphology, and molecular aspects. With CSNP administration, OSI nonsignificantly decreased and the relative expression of targeted inflammatory-mediator genes was significantly increased. The CSNP-therapeutic fish showed an RPS of 80% as compared to the positive control group, and CSNP-therapeutic administration retained the highest gene expression augmentation up to 28 days after the challenge. Notably, the splenic reticulin fibers framework of the CSNP-therapeutic group retained the highest integrity among the groups during the infection. After recovery, reticulin fibers density in the CSNP-therapeutic samples was significantly higher than in the negative control group, which indicates high innate immunity. Thus, CSNP showed promising biotherapeutic features enhancing fish resistance against infections.     

中草药添加剂对鲁氏耶尔森菌感染虹鳟血液生化指标的影响

为研究复方中草药对鲁氏耶尔森菌(Yersinia ruckeri)感染虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)后其血液生化指标的影响,在虹鳟饲料中分别添加两种复方中草药(复方1组、复方2组),持续投喂28 d。在第28天感染鲁氏耶尔森菌,检测感染后72 h的血清生化指标,并统计各组存活率。结果显示:复方中草药组对虹鳟增重无抑制作用。添加复方中草药可提高虹鳟感染鲁氏耶尔森菌后的存活率,其中复方2组的保护效果最好。感染72 h后,复方2组总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇含量和碱性磷酸酶活性均高于对照组。复方2组谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性低于对照组,乳酸脱氢酶活性显著低于对照组。复方1组和复方2组尿酸含量显著低于对照组。复方中草药组总胆红素、尿素氮、肌酐和血糖含量与对照组相比无显著性差异。结果表明,添加复方中草药能提高鲁氏耶尔森菌感染后虹鳟的存活率,其中复方2组的保护效果最好。     

Host factors associated with the detection of Aeromonas salmonicida and Yersinia ruckeri in Ontario, Canada government fish hatcheries

This paper presents an epidemiological investigation of Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Fish Health Laboratory data from 1981 to 1997, to determine whether fish species and age were associated with lot-level detection of Aeromonas salmonicida and Yersinia ruckeri in hatchery fish. In stepwise logistic regression, the species brook trout and back-cross (lake trout crossed with the hybrid “splake”) were more likely to test A. salmonicida-positive compared to all other species reared in the hatcheries. Similarly, the species brook trout was significantly more likely to test Y. ruckeri-positive compared to all other species. For both pathogens, the 1–5-month age group was associated significantly with detection. These findings suggest that purposive sampling of higher-risk fish lots could increase the likelihood of detecting both study pathogens.     

Efficacy of lipopolysaccharide antigen of Yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout by intraperitoneal and bath immersion administration

In this study, Intraperitoneal (IP) and bath immersion (BI) vaccine trials were conducted in fish with a mean weight of 6.3 g. Rainbow trout vaccinated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was 50 mg/L protein concentration and challenged by IP injection with 9.8 × 10⁶ cell/ml of Yersinia ruckeri at 45 days post-immunization had a relative percent survival (RPS). To obtain an effective bath immersion vaccine against yersiniosis, LPS preparation was obtained from the Y. ruckeri and with the LPS antigen. After 28 and 60 days vaccinated fish with first and second immunizations by LPS were challenged via intraperitoneal injection with 9.8 × 10⁶ cell/ml of Y. ruckeri for evaluating the mortality rates and calculating the relative percentage of survival (RPS). RPS value of experimental groups, which was significantly (P < 0.05) larger than that of the control group.     

大口黑鲈鲁氏耶尔森氏菌的分离鉴定、主要毒力基因及致病性研究

为探明2021年3月福建某水库养殖大口黑鲈疾病暴发的原因,实验从患病大口黑鲈肝脏、肾脏、脾脏中分离优势菌,通过人工感染实验确定病原菌,并综合16S rDNA基因序列分析、生理生化和质谱特征等技术对该病原菌进行种属鉴定,同时,进行毒力基因检测、药物敏感性实验以及组织病理学观察。结果显示,从病鱼脾脏中分离获得1株优势菌并鉴定为鲁氏耶尔森氏菌;该菌株对大口黑鲈的半致死剂量为3.8×10⁵ CFU/尾;该菌株携带yrP1、yhl A、yhl B等毒力基因,对恩诺沙星、盐酸多西环素、氟甲喹、硫酸新霉素、氟苯尼考等5种药物相对敏感。组织病理学观察发现,鲁氏耶尔森氏菌的感染造成大口黑鲈肝脏、肾脏、脾脏不同程度的损伤,表现为明显的变性、坏死及炎症细胞的浸润等。本研究首次报道了鲁氏耶尔森氏菌对养殖大口黑鲈的致病性,可为养殖大口黑鲈鲁氏耶尔森氏菌病的诊断和药物防治提供参考依据。     

中草药与复方对鲁氏耶尔森菌的体外抑菌作用

采用试管二倍稀释法测定了16种中草药单方及5种复方制剂对鲁氏耶尔森菌（Yersinia ruckeri）的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果表明,黄芩（Radix Scutellariae）和诃子（Fructus Chebulae）对鲁氏耶尔森菌的抑菌作用最强,MIC均为0.028g·mL^-1,可作为防治水产养殖动物耶尔森菌病害的主要备选中草药;大黄（Radix et Rhizoma Rhei）的抑菌作用较强,其MIC值为0.227g·mL^-1,也可作为候选药物;青蒿（Herba Artemisiae）、金樱子（Fructus Rosae Laevigatae）、连翘（Fructus Forsythiae）、茵陈（Herba Artemisiae Scopariae）、五倍子（Galla Chinensis）及金银花（Flos Lonicerae）的抑菌作用较弱,其MIC值均为0.455g·mL^-1。5种复方制剂中,大黄、黄柏（Cortex Phel-lodendri）和黄芩3种中草药以5：3：2的比例配伍对鲁氏耶尔森菌具有最佳抑菌作用,其MIC值为0.057g·mL^-1,抑菌效果弱于黄芩,但远强于大黄单独使用,可为该细菌性疾病的防治提供复方配伍参考。     

对虾耶尔森氏菌病病原及血淋巴生理指标研究

自山东省寿光市海产公司对虾养殖场病虾体内分离出３种不同菌落的细菌。其中，９４０１菌能造成对虾死亡，经鉴定为鲁克氏耶尔森氏菌，能引起对虾血淋巴中总蛋白等发生病理变化。该菌对卡那霉素、新霉素等有较强的敏感性；对青霉素、苯唑青霉素等不敏感。