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Abstract. A two year field experiment was carried out in a semiarid Mediterranean area in order to evaluate, the effect on soil erosion of adding different urban organic wastes: a stabilized municipal waste (compost), an unstabilized municipal waste, and an aerobic sewage sludge. All the treatments significantly reduced soil erosion, compared to the control soil. The soil amended with compost was the most effective treatment, reducing soil loss by 94% and runoff by 54%. 相似文献
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沙土区薄壁连拱护岸墙为悬臂式支撑、薄壁连拱无底板结构,拱板中间采用无砂砼排水孔的钢筋砼肋形预制板,冲沉法施工,造价低廉;外形美观,抗倾、抗滑性能强。该墙为平原沙土区河道水土保持及修复找到了一条经济合理、施工方便、简便易行的护坡办法,具有较高的实用价值和广阔的推广使用前景。 相似文献
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研究分析了丁坝和护坦在沿河林区公路路基防护中的作用、防护原理、设置方法、应用条件和有效性问题。 相似文献
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Trends in NE Atlantic landings (southern Portugal): identifying the relative importance of fisheries and environmental variables 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
KARIM ERZINI 《Fisheries Oceanography》2005,14(3):195-209
Time series of commercial landings from the Algarve (southern Portugal) from 1982 to 1999 were analyzed using min/max autocorrelation factor analysis (MAFA) and dynamic factor analysis (DFA). These techniques were used to identify trends and explore the relationships between the response variables (annual landings of 12 species) and explanatory variables [sea surface temperature, rainfall, an upwelling index, Guadiana river (south‐east Portugal) flow, the North Atlantic oscillation, the number of licensed fishing vessels and the number of commercial fishermen]. Landings were more highly correlated with non‐lagged environmental variables and in particular with Guadiana river flow. Both techniques gave coherent results, with the most important trend being a steady decline over time. A DFA model with two explanatory variables (Guadiana river flow and number of fishermen) and three common trends (smoothing functions over time) gave good fits to 10 of the 12 species. Results of other models indicated that river flow is the more important explanatory variable in this model. Changes in the mean flow and discharge regime of the Guadiana river resulting from the construction of the Alqueva dam, completed in 2002, are therefore likely to have a significant and deleterious impact on Algarve fisheries landings. 相似文献
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旱地保护性耕作地表径流和土壤水分平衡模型 总被引:12,自引:3,他引:12
在田间试验和对现有径流模型及土壤水分平衡模型改进的基础上,建立了适用于保护性耕作的地表径流和土壤水分平衡模型。该模型以日为步长,根据气象数据、土壤水分状况、作物生长发育及耕作管理措施,模拟不同耕作管理体系下地表径流和田间水分平衡的变化。针对保护性耕作的特点,主要对径流曲线数字(USDA—Curve Number)法进行了改进,在PERFECT模型的基础上增加了坡度和降雨强度两因素的影响,从而使模型较全面地考虑了残茬覆盖、耕作、坡度及降雨强度等多种因素对径流的影响;采用简单实用的Priestley—Taylor公式计算潜在蒸散量,并考虑作物覆盖与残茬覆盖对土壤蒸发与作物蒸腾的影响。通过田间径流试验和根层有效贮水量测定数据的验证,证明了地表径流和土壤水分的模拟值与实测值比较接近。 相似文献
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全球气候暖干化对秦岭南北河流径流泥沙的影响研究 总被引:8,自引:12,他引:8
以秦岭南侧汉江和北侧渭河多年的径流泥沙观测资料,分析了全球气候暖干化对秦岭南北径流泥沙的变化。分析指出在80年代后,由于全球气候变化的影响,秦岭南北河流年均径流量均减少,与1935-1980年相比,汉江河流年均径流量减少1.9%,渭河河流年均径流量减少27.4%;同时汉江河流泥沙含量明显减少,但渭河河流泥沙含量呈增加趋势,是汉江河流泥沙含量133倍,表明了秦岭南北两侧在全球气候暖干化表现出明显的区域响应性。 相似文献
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Food resources and cyprinid diet in permanent and temporary Mediterranean rivers with natural and regulated flow 下载免费PDF全文
Carlos M. Alexandre Sabrina Sales Maria Teresa Ferreira Pedro R. Almeida 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2015,24(4):629-645
This study addresses the differences in food availability, diet and feeding activity of the Iberian barbel, between permanent and temporary nonregulated rivers, and the effect of flow regulation on feeding parameters. A total of 267 adult barbels were seasonally collected in four nonregulated and regulated rivers from permanent and temporary basins, and their gut content was analysed. Locally available food sources were evaluated across sites and seasons. Barbels from the permanent nonregulated river exhibit a more variable and diversified diet in which invertebrates assumed a large importance, especially during high flows. Barbels from the temporary nonregulated river presented a more uniform diet composed of plant material and detritus, particularly in drought seasons. Flow regulation affected different flow components in both systems, but the effects on food resources and barbels' diet were similar, resulting in an intra‐annual stabilisation of resource availability and fish diet, with a higher consumption of plants and detritus. Changes in fish diet and feeding activity in both nonregulated and regulated rivers were strongly associated with the seasonal variability of streamflow components, particularly between low‐ and high‐flow periods, and with the reduction in flow variability in the case of dam regulation. Results from this study can be used to improve guidelines for flow requirement implementation. 相似文献