梅州市五华县石灰岩矿区土壤铅污染现状研究及改良对策

对梅州市五华县几个石灰岩矿区周边土壤中铅含量进行了测定，结果表明，污染土壤的铅含量远远超出了国家土壤环境质量三级标准（对土壤生态环境产生影响的最低浓度值），对生态产生影响。根据内梅罗污染指数评定得出，矿区土壤铅污染达到重污染的程度。提出了减轻铅污染对生态环境危害的控制污染源措施和改良对策。     

Effects of Two Underseed Species, Medicago polymorpha L. and Scorpiurus muricatus L., on the Yield of Main Crop (Durum Wheat) and Subsequent Crop (Teff) Under Humid Moisture Regimes in Ethiopia

Mixed cropping of leguminous underseed species and cereal crops may increase productivity and serve some additional purposes. Two leguminous weed species which are widely distributed in annual crops of the Ethiopian highlands have been studied with varying coverage in greenhouse trials in Ethiopia with regard to their suitability as underseeds and with wheat ( Triticum turgidum [L.] Thell. var. durum [Desf.] MacKey) as a main crop. The competitive effects of Scorpiurus muricatus L. on the grain yield of wheat were smaller than those of Medicago polymorpha L. (-14.1 % and -23.6 % respectively, compared with the underseed free control) which is mainly ascribed to differences in their speed of development and shoot height. The residual effects of the underseed's root masses on the grain yield of the successive teff crop (Eragrostis tef [Zucc] Trotter) were significantly higher with Scorpiurus muricatus (+99.3 %) than with Medicago polymorpha (+63.6 %). The results are discussed with regard to the specific site conditions in the cereal-dominated cropping systems of the Ethiopian highlands.     

Movement of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians in the stems of lettuce and seed contamination

Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians , the causal agent of bacterial leaf spot of lettuce (BLS), can be seedborne, but the mechanism by which the bacteria contaminates and/or infects lettuce seed is not known. In this study, the capacity of X. campestris pv. vitians to enter and translocate within the vascular system of lettuce plants was examined. The stems of 8- to 11-week-old lettuce plants were stab-inoculated, and movement of X. campestris pv. vitians was monitored at various intervals. At 4, 8, 12 and 16 h post-inoculation (hpi), X. campestris pv. vitians was recovered from 2 to 10 cm above (depending on stem length) and 2 cm below the inoculation site. Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians was also recovered from surface-disinfested stem sections of spray-inoculated plants. Together, these results are consistent with X. campestris pv. vitians invading and moving systemically within the vascular system of lettuce plants. To investigate the mechanism of seed contamination, lettuce plants at the vegetative stage of growth were spray-inoculated with X. campestris pv. vitians and allowed to develop BLS. Seed collected from these plants had a 2% incidence of X. campestris pv. vitians external colonization, but no bacteria were recovered from within the seed.     

基于注意力机制的小样本啤酒花病虫害识别

为提高啤酒花产业的品质和产量,针对于传统人工识别鉴定难度大,效率低和客观性不够,以及啤酒花病虫害识别无大型公开数据集等问题.本文提出一种基于软注意力机制的小样本啤酒花病虫害识别方法,对传统深度残差网络ResNet模型进行改进,并使用图像增强技术-直方图均衡化处理图片得到新的数据集.实验结果表明,在小样本情况下,相比于传...     

大豆除草剂对水稻秧苗生长的影响

就施过豆磺隆、普施特、广灭灵的大豆茬,对后作水稻本田秧苗生长的影响进行研究。结果表明:各处理对水稻移栽后的幼苗生长发育都有程度不同的影响。     

贻贝浮筏养殖设施水动力效应及附生海藻碎屑输运的数值模拟

基于三维海洋数值模式(estuarine coastal ocean model, semi-implicit, Ecom-si)对枸杞岛邻近贻贝养殖海域的水动力进行了数值模拟研究。通过在模型动量方程中添加动量损耗项,实现了对贻贝浮筏养殖设施阻流效应的模拟,采用实测数据对模型进行了潮位及流速的验证。利用验证良好的数值模型模拟了潮流驱动下养殖设施附生海藻碎屑漂移及沉降。结果表明,贻贝养殖设施及养殖贝串在海表的阻流效应使表层流速降低了约80%,中、下层流速分别降低了约50%和30%,在养殖海域外围因过流面的减小使得养殖场外围的流速有所增大。应用拉格朗日质点追踪模块模拟的结果表明,当碎屑质点处于悬浮状态即质点沉降速率(w)为0 m/s时,质点需要约600 h才能达到36.79%(e^-1)的沉底率;且无阻流效应时,沉底质点的分布在距养殖区中心9.0～10.5 km的区域内,有阻流效应时,质点的沉底范围分布在距养殖区中心7.5～8.5 km的区域内。当w大于0 m/s时,3种碎屑沉降速度的结果差异不大,大约在80 h内质点的沉底率达到99%,无阻流效应时质点沉降区域为距养殖...     

石河子地区动物性食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的检测

目的了解新疆石河子地区动物性食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌(LM)污染状况。方法在石河子地区选取5个具有代表性动物性食品零售点,对最常食用的生鲜猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、鸡肉、冻鸡肉、冻虾和冻带鱼8类动物性食品进行随机采样,采用病原分离培养和PCR法对样品中的单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌进行检测。结果检测8类249份食品样品,细菌分离鉴定阳性样品12份,平均阳性率4.82%;PCR法检测阳性样品36份,平均阳性率为14.46%。结论石河子动物性食品中LM的污染比较普遍,尤以冻鸡肉和冻虾LM污染较重,新鲜猪肉、牛肉和羊肉LM污染程度较轻。     

一例细菌对MDCK细胞污染的检测

MDCK细胞培养液（含双抗）表面有一层薄的油状膜，培养液不混浊。细菌学检测为一种球菌污染。对污染菌株进行药敏试验。使用MEM（含双抗）多次清洗细胞培养瓶及细胞表面，细胞培养液中改加菌株敏感的恩诺沙星。细菌学检测结果表明，加入恩诺沙星有效地控制和清除了细胞中污染的该株细菌。     

恩诺沙星,环丙沙星在鸡组织中残留量的检测方法研究

用高效液相色谱法,荧光检测器,同时检测鸡组织中恩诺沙星、环丙沙星的残留量。用0.1m ol/L磷酸液(pH 12) 乙晴(1 3v/v)作为提取液,脱脂,浓缩至干,用0.1m ol/L磷酸液(pH 12)溶解。HPLC条件:荧光检测器,激发波长280nm ;发射波长450nm 。流动相:0.05m ol/L磷酸/三乙胺缓冲液(pH 2.4) 乙腈(80 20v/v)。恩诺沙星、环丙沙星标准曲线线性范围5～500ng/m l。对不同组织的4种浓度进行回收率测定,其回收率在70% ～107%之间;变异系数10% 以内。恩诺沙星、环丙沙星的最低检出限分别为2ng/g、5ng/g。     

Pseudomonas fluorescens contamination of a feline packed red blood cell unit and studies of canine units

Background: While screening programs have reduced the risk of infectious disease transmission by donors in human and veterinary blood banking, bacterial contamination of blood products has emerged as a major complication in human medicine. Objectives: To describe a Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf)‐contaminated feline packed RBC (pRBC) unit and experimentally investigate Pf‐contaminated canine pRBCs. Methods: Canine pRBCs were inoculated with Pf‐rich pRBCs from the sentinel feline unit and stored at 4°C or 20°C for 72 hours. Aliquots from the pRBCs were serially evaluated by microscopy, culture, and a eubacterial 16S rRNA real‐time PCR assay. Results: One Pf‐contaminated feline unit turned black after 22 days of storage and was removed from the blood bank; a source was not found, and no other contaminated units were identified. Canine pRBCs spiked with 5 or 25 μL of the sentinel unit became culture‐ and/or 16S PCR‐positive at ≥8 hours at 20°C and 48 hours at 4°C and developed a color change at ≥24 hours. Sensitivity studies indicated that without incubation, inoculation of ≥100 μL Pf‐rich pRBCs was necessary for a positive 16S PCR test result. Conclusions: P. fluorescens grows in stored pRBCs slowly at 4°C and rapidly at 20°C. Screening of blood products for color change, estimating bacterial concentration with microscopy, and 16S PCR testing are simple and fast ways to detect bacteria in stored blood. Aseptic collection, temperature‐controlled storage, and regular visual monitoring of stored units is recommended. Discolored units should not be transfused, but examined for bacterial contamination or other blood product quality problems.