废纸回收材料化利用研究进展

简述了国内外废纸回收利用现状,重点阐述了废纸在建筑填料、制备高附加值纤维衍生物以及复合材料等方面的利用研究现状,并针对废纸材料利用过程中存在的高吸水率和弱结合界面等问题提出了相应的解决方法和研究方向。     

Contribution of insulin to the ascorbate recycling system in the chicken liver

The effect of insulin on the ascorbate recycling system in the chicken liver was examined. First, insulin was injected subcutaneously into the chicken, and liver glutathione‐dependent dehydroascorbate reductase (GSH‐DHAR) activity was determined. Insulin increased liver GSH‐DHAR activity, but did not affect plasma and liver ascorbate concentration. Dehydroascorbate increased plasma and liver ascorbate levels, and liver GSH‐DHAR activity. However, distinct changes in plasma insulin level were not observed by dehydroascorbate injection. In addition, reduction of external dehydroascorbate in cultured chicken hepatocytes could not be observed in an insulin‐deprived culture, although the cells reduced external dehydroascorbate in a serum‐free culture with insulin. We concluded that insulin affects the ascorbate recycling system as an essential factor in the chicken liver.     

TFSQ型高效环保组合式粮食杂质清理筛的研制

通过对振动筛理、垂直风选、旋风分离与沉降系统的研究,研制出集振动筛理、风选、旋风分离沉降、含尘气流循环再利用为一体的TFSQ型高效环保组合式粮食杂质清理筛。经应用测试和专家鉴定:该设备具有清理效率高、清理过程粉尘污染小,使用维护方便、可靠性强等优点,具有广阔的市场推广前景。     

Phosphorus bioavailability in ash from straw and sewage sludge processed by low‐temperature biomass gasification

Reuse of phosphorus (P) from waste streams used for bioenergy conversion is desirable to reduce dependence on nonrenewable P resources. Two different ash materials from low‐temperature biomass gasification of wheat straw and sewage sludge, respectively, were investigated with regard to their P bioavailability. A set of pot experiments with spring barley was carried out to compare the ash P fertiliser value with mineral P fertiliser and the sewage sludge feedstock. An indirect radioactive labelling approach with ³³P was used to determine the amount of P taken up from the fertiliser materials. Depending on the application rate, straw gasification ash produced a fertiliser response comparable to mineral P. However, P uptake from the ash was generally less than uptake from equivalent amounts of mineral P, and the calculated relative effectiveness was 44% after 6 weeks of plant growth. In contrast, the P fertiliser value of Fe‐rich sewage sludge after low‐temperature gasification was practically zero. These results suggest that ash from low‐temperature gasification could be developed into alternative P fertilisers; however, as the P bioavailability depends greatly on the feedstock used, a greater emphasis on feedstock composition is required.     

三峡大学校园垃圾分类回收现状及回收机制的建立探讨

指出了垃圾分类回收具有重要的意义，有利于资源节约型和环境友好型社会的建设，有利于循环经济的可持续发展。分析了校园垃圾分类回收现状，对建立校园分类回收机制进行了探讨。     

规模化奶牛场粪污危害、处理及循环利用模式

随着我国奶牛养殖业发展规模的壮大,规模化奶牛场数量持续增加,但奶牛场粪污污染问题也日益凸显。本文结合自身工作经验,首先分析了规模化奶牛场粪污的危害性,然后从雨污分离、固液分离和干清粪工艺对规模化奶牛场粪污处理方式进行概述,最后从厌气（厌氧）发酵获得沼气、微生物发酵用作饲料和生产生物有机肥三种不同模式介绍模化奶牛场粪污的循环利用操作,以期为规模化奶牛场粪污高效利用提供借鉴。     

The Research on the Construction of Concentrative Residence and Ecological Human Habitat Environment in the Rural Area of Rapidly Urbanizing Region

Under the background of the new rural construction in China, it is an important scientific question and an urgent social task to construct the harmonious society and to achieve the sustainable regional development on how to construct concentrative residence and manage the human habitat environment in the fast industrializing and typically urbanizing area. This paper analyzed the problems in the construction of the human habitat envi- ronment in the rural area of southern Jiangsu, discussed the methodologies of planning and design for rural con- centrative residence, researched the human habitat environment improvement technologies, and put forward the resolution of the recycling community for the rural inhabitation, which aimed at demonstrating the practicing in rapidly urbanizing regions.     

平地漫灌灌溉水净化与循环利用研究

为提高设施农业的水分利用率，设计了平地漫灌灌溉水净化与循环利用系统；阐述了系统的组成、节水灌溉原理与工作过程。理论分析可知，系统具有较高的输水利用率、灌水利用率和降水利用率，是农业节水灌溉的有效新途径。     

技术潜在效益认知与农业废弃物循环技术采纳行为——以桃枝废弃物循环为例

为推进农业废弃物循环技术采纳,提高资源利用效率,降低农业面源污染,以北京市平谷区大桃种植户的微观调研数据为样本,运用结构方程模型实证分析了技术潜在效益对桃枝废弃物循环技术采纳行为的影响。结果表明:1)社会效益认知、生态效益认知与采纳行为有正相关关系,作用机制生态效益认知>社会效益认知,经济效益与采纳行为呈负相关关系;2)社会效益认知对经济效益认知有正向影响,经济效益认知对生态效益认知有正向影响;3)促进农户对桃枝废弃物循环技术的采纳行为,将提高农户对该项技术的忠诚度。因此,本研究提出要发挥邻里带动作用,提高农户对技术效益的认知程度,通过制定差异化政策、加强产学研融合,促进农户对农业废弃物循环技术的采纳行为,推动绿色农业发展。     

丹江口水源涵养区绿色高效农业技术创新集成与示范——模式设计、技术集成与机制创新

2017年5月,中国农业科学院科技创新工程协同创新任务“丹江口水源涵养区绿色高效农业技术创新集成与示范”正式启动。项目在农业绿色高效生产、种养耦合、生态循环、面源污染控制、多功能田园生态系统构建等方面开展协同创新。按照单一技术规范化、复合技术集成化、体系技术系统化的思路,任务创新集成水源涵养区生物多样性利用与农业种植结构调整、主要农产品全产业链绿色高效生产、种养循环新模式、生态型高效设施农业、农村生活污染物控制等环节的十大关键技术,总结形成一套水源涵养区绿色高效农业全域综合性的技术解决方案,可为其他同类地区提供可复制、可推广的经验、模式和示范样板,为保障南水北调水质安全,推动水源涵养区农业绿色发展、农民增收及区域脱贫攻坚提供有效的科技支撑。