Nutrient digestibility of angling baits for carp, Cyprinus carpio, with implications for groundbait formulation and eutrophication control

Abstract  To evaluate the suitability of angling groundbaits as a fish feed and the potential for nutrient loss, the macronutrient digestibility of four groundbaits was investigated in carp, Cyprinus carpio L., using a sieving method of faeces collection and chromic oxide. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of protein and lipids were >80% for all angling baits. ADCs of nitrogen-free extracts and phosphorus (P) differed significantly between the test diets, probably because of divergent feed compositions and ingredient treatments. The generally high digestibility estimates indicated that fish feeding on angling groundbait will benefit from this food source. The differences in nutrient digestibility suggested that type of groundbait and ingredient used will have a major effect on potential eutrophication and fish production caused by groundbaiting. The principle of groundbaits to protect the environment should be to minimise the P-content of the groundaits and maximising P-digestibility and P-retention efficiency.     

Relationships between catch and effort in Fijian multispecies reef fisheries subject to different levels of exploitation

Abstract The catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) and value-of-catch-per-unit-effort (VPUE) of reef-associated fish species from six Fijian native fishing grounds ( qoliqoli ) subject to different fishing intensities were determined using records of fishing activity from a voluntary logbook scheme. Line and spear fishing techniques were used for more than half the total fishing time (h person^-1 d^-1) in all qoliqoli , and yet the favoured technique in a given qoliqoli was frequently less efficient (lower CPUE) than other techniques. The popularity of relatively ineffective fishing methods implies that fishermen did not always attempt to maximize their catch rates. To compare fishing effort in different qoliqoli , all effort was rescaled on the basis of its recorded efficiency (measured as multispecies CPUE) and expressed as hours equivalent to boat-based spear fishing over coral by day to catch fish for sale. Total fishing intensity in the six qoliqoli ranged from 72 to 4310 h km^-2 reef year^-1. The relationship between catch and effort was linear at all fishing intensities, suggesting that the qoliqoli were all fished on a sustainable basis. Furthermore, whilst there was a significant difference in CPUE and VPUE between the one or two qoliqoli with lowest fishing intensity and all the others, there were no significant differences between these other qoliqoli in terms of the VPUE of the saleable multispecies boat catch or the CPUE of species from piscivorous and carnivorous genera ( Epinephelus, Lethrinus and Plectropomus ) which the fishermen prefer to catch.     

Designating a greenbelt around the city of Riga, Latvia

Latvian legislation demands that forest protection belts are established around all cities and towns. The main goal of a protection belt is to provide suitable opportunities for recreation to urban dwellers and to minimise any negative impacts caused by urban areas on the surrounding environment. Legislation states the main principles to be adopted, which include the maximum area of protection belts, their integration in territorial development plans and restrictions placed on forest management activities. The largest part of the forest area around Riga is owned by the municipality of Riga, which, as a result, has two competing interests: to satisfy the recreational needs of the inhabitants of Riga, and to maximise the income from its property. In order to compile sufficient background information to solve this problem, the Board of Forests of Riga Municipality initiated the preparation of a proposal for the designation of a new protection belt.The proposal was based on the development and application of a theoretical framework developed during the 1980s. The analysis of the recreational value of the forest (5 classes of attractiveness) was carried out based on categories of forest type, dominant tree species, dominant age, stand density, distance from urban areas and the presence of attractive objects. Information was derived from forest inventory databases, digital forest maps and topographic maps. Additional information was digitised and processed using ArcView GIS 3.2. Local foresters were asked about the recreation factors unique to different locations, such as the number of visitors and the main recreation activities. From a recreational point of view and taking into account legal restrictions and development plans for the Riga region, it was proposed to create three types of zones in the forest: a protection belt, visually sensitive areas and non-restricted areas.     

凤县休闲农业发展现状及存在问题与对策

近年来,凤县转型发展休闲农业取得了巨大成功,对其发展历程进行深入研究,可以进一步促进凤县休闲农业规范快速发展,同时为我国休闲农业发展提供范例参考。详细阐述了凤县休闲农业发展的现状,对凤县发展休闲农业的优势进行了分析,就存在的问题重点从加强政府引导、理顺管理体制、制定规划标准及加大扶持力度4个方面阐明了凤县休闲农业发展的新举措,以期为凤县在休闲农业发展中获取更大的竞争优势提供参考。     

2010—2019年江苏省渔业船舶水上安全事故分析及对策建议

依据中国渔政指挥系统江苏省渔业船舶水上安全事故的统计资料,对2010—2019年事故的发生时间、事故起数、死亡人数、事故类型和事故等级等方面进行了统计分析。结果表明,江苏省渔业船舶水上安全事故以一般等级事故居多,事故发生时间呈现一定规律性,渔船自身安全隐患突出,从业人员岗位技能不足,渔船安全管理责任不到位。基于分析结果,提出压降一般等级事故,遏制较大等级以上事故,提高风险管控和事故防范能力的对策建议。     

虾夷扇贝捕捞网具的改进及应用效果

该文针对目前扇贝捕捞网具捕捞效率低及耗能大等问题,通过对獐子岛集团股份有限公司3 a龄虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)底播养殖海域海底状况与网具捕捞效果的调研,提出了虾夷扇贝捕捞网具的改进措施,并在辽长渔养15021号扇贝采捕船上进行了2个阶段海上生产对比试验,得出以下结论：第一阶段在原生产网具的基础上,安装扭簧式弹性拨贝齿及增大网目等措施,在拖网航速为4kn时,改造后网具单网平均捕捞量较生产网具提高了36.5%,扇贝破损量降低了49.4%,泥沙量降低了21.9%,单位捕捞耗油量降低了27.8%。第二阶段改造网具在第一阶段的基础上,增大网口扫海面积,并且将网身改为"宽口窄尾"结构,添加一道网口链及辅网衣,并加装主网拐雪橇板、拐前拨贝齿及网底托架小车,在拖网航速为4kn时,单网捕捞量较第一阶段改造网具提高了102%,扇贝碎贝量降低了161%,泥沙量降低了209%,单位捕捞耗油量降低了24.6%;而较原生产网具单网平均捕捞量提高了200%,扇贝破损量降低了236%,泥沙量降低了296%,单位捕捞耗油量降低了45.6%。由此说明新型虾夷扇贝捕捞网具具有高效、节能和低生态等特点,推广应用前景广阔。     

基于物联网的内河小型渔船动态信息监控系统设计

为规范内河流域渔业生产秩序,保障渔船作业安全,该文设计了基于物联网的内河小型渔船动态信息监控系统。该系统集成了无线传感器网络、远程信息传输、远端后台监控等多种技术方法。其中,无线传感器网络主要用于获取包括渔船位置、电捕鱼违法监测信息和渔船超载检测信息等渔业现场数据。依靠Zig Bee技术,该网络实现了对不同类别传感器数据的汇聚、判断以及远程播发。远程信息传输是利用GPRS/GSM移动通信网络与互联网传输技术,实现了多渔船作业信息向后台监控中心的实时传输。后台渔政监控中心,具有渔船在电子地图上的识别与定位,渔业生产的实时监控以及渔政执法的决策辅助等功能。该系统经测试,可满足内河流域作业渔船在实时监管和安全保障等方面的需求,提高了农业渔政管理的水平。     

基于无线发射接收组件的鱼塘增氧机自动控制系统

通过分析和研究国内外鱼塘增氧机自动控制的实现方法,设计了鱼塘增氧机自动控制系统.该系统以无线发射接收组件为核心,根据对鱼塘溶氧含量、噪声和温度的检测决定增氧机的启停.介绍了发射电路和接收电路的工作原理图,对工作原理进行了说明,并且详细论述了各种参数的检测方法;为了保证控制的效果以及系统工作的稳定性、可靠性,提出了电路的安装方法.     

内导叶滚筒式收鱼机设计与实验

针对深海域网箱养殖人工收鱼效率低、且劳动强度大,吸鱼泵等传统收鱼装置鱼损率高、需要装备大功率发电系统、不适合中小型收鱼船作业等问题设计了内导叶滚筒式收鱼机。对该装置的主体结构进行仿真,确定了主体结构发生最大等效应力和应力集中的位置,根据仿真结果进一步优化结构,并试制了实验装置。通过实验得出最优控制方案,即在倾角10°、转速15.3r/min情况下,有效输送量与功耗比最优,且滚筒在不同倾角下最优转速为15r/min,实验鱼损率为0.1%,满足用户要求。该装置能在保证一定收鱼效率的同时降低鱼损率,适合中小型渔船收鱼作业。