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地膜覆盖对棉枯萎病发生的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
地膜覆盖显著降低了棉花枯萎病的发病率与病情指数,极显著地提高了棉花的产量。 相似文献
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The effect of foliar-applied potassium chloride on Septoria tritici , the anamorph of Mycosphaerella graminicola , was quantified and possible modes of action investigated during controlled-environment and field experiments. A field experiment in harvest year 1997 showed c . 50% reduction in the area of leaf 2 of winter wheat plants affected by septoria leaf blotch after foliar application of potassium chloride, compared with untreated controls. Similarly, in harvest year 1998 potassium chloride reduced, by about one-third, the area of the flag and penultimate leaf affected by S. tritici . However, a significant yield increase was not observed, although grains m−2 did show an increase of borderline significance. Applications of epoxiconazole reduced the area of leaf 4 affected by S. tritici compared with untreated controls, whereas applications of chlorothalonil, potassium chloride or polyethylene glycol proved ineffective against disease development. This may suggest that potassium chloride is relatively immobile and possesses contact activity similar to that of chlorothalonil. In 1998, similar reductions in leaf area affected were observed with the inert osmoticum polyethylene glycol in the field, suggesting that the control provided by potassium chloride may be achieved by adverse osmotic effects on the pathogen. Scanning electron microscopy of germinating conidia on wheat plants showed inhibition of conidial germination by both potassium chloride and polyethylene glycol at the same calculated osmotic potential on the leaf surface. 相似文献
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Isabel GARRIDO Carmen M. MARTNEZ Pilar FLORES Pilar HELLN Fulgencio CONTRERAS Jos FENOLL 《土壤圈》2024,34(3):641-651
Agriculture has a close relationship with nature, but it can also be the source of negative and permanent environmental effects. The use of pesticides in modern agriculture is a common practice, but their side effects on the environment cannot be disregarded. In this study, we evaluated a combination of solarization and ozonation techniques for the elimination of six amide pesticides (boscalid, chlorantraniliprole, cyflufenamid, fluopyram, napropamide, and propyzamide) in soil. Initial experiments were performed with four different soils to assess the efficiency of this methodology at different soil temperatures and ozone dosages under laboratory conditions, and then a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions during summer. Fifty days after the onset of the experiments, higher degradation percentages of amide pesticides were observed in ozonized soils than in other treated soils, particularly when ozone was applied at 10 cm soil depth. The results show that the utilization of ozonation, along with solarization, represents a valid method for degrading residues of the studied pesticides and suggest that this combined technology may be a promising tool for remediating pesticide-polluted soils. 相似文献
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本研究分3个实验。实验1对比了不同浓度的离子霉素对牛去透明带卵母细胞孤雌激活的效果;实验2比较了手工半卵切割法去核与显微半卵切割法去核的效果;实验3对聚乙二醇(PEG)细胞融合技术在牛手工体细胞克隆的应用进行了初步探讨。结果表明,对于去透明带牛卵母细胞孤雌激活,离子霉素浓度为2.0μmol/L组的激活效果最好,其囊胚发育率(29.4%)极显著地高于浓度为5.0μmol/L的对照组和0.5μmol/L组(囊胚率分别为8.3%和9.4%,P〈0.01);采用半卵切割法去核,手工切割的半卵存活率(85.6%)与显微操作(90.3%)差异不大,切割速率(约100枚卵/h)相仿。对双半卵与体细胞进行同步融合处理时,应用50%浓度的PEG融合率(39.3%)极显著好于45%、55%和60%的PEG(融合率分别为0%、16.2%和5.3%,P〈0.01)。 相似文献
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从废旧PE滴灌带的回收再利用出发,针对PE材质滴灌带使用后老化引起弹性及强度降低的现象,探讨了加入EVA(乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物)与DCP(过氧化二异丙苯)对废弃滴灌带再生材料的弹性及强度的影响。研究了EVA含量分别占PE的0%~20%与DCP含量占PE的0%~1.2%时的改性再生PE材料的力学性能。结果表明:单因素下EVA可以改善再生料的断裂伸长率和断后自然回弹率,10%的EVA提升效果最佳。DCP可以改善再生料的强度,但是断裂伸长率和断后自然回弹率随之下降。配比6%EVA+0.4%DCP的改性剂同时加入废旧PE材料后可有效改善改性再生料的使用性能。 相似文献
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