Changes of Morphological Parameter of Wheat Seed Pretreatment by the Biocontrol Agents Bacillus subtilis QM3 during Germination

Bacillus subtilis QM3, a potential biocontrol agent and useful plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGRB) from yak dung in China with broad-spectrum and strong antifungal bioactivity, was studied to determine if it either stimulated or inhibited the germination of wheat seeds depending on the amount of bacteria. Germination rate (GR) and length of shoot (LS) increased at 10-fold dilution of QM3 fermentation liquid for 12 h (P < 0.05). Germination potentiality (GP) and root cap ration (RC) decreased at 100-fold dilution of QM3 for 0 h. Length of root (LR) and tips of root (TR) at day 7 remained at control levels at 0-fold dilution of fermentation liquid of QM3 for 24 h. The results obtained suggest that some plant diseases, environmental stresses (such as high salt and heavy metal contents), and difficulties in germination can be controlled or relieved by the use of QM3.     

水稻根表铁膜对磷的富集作用及其与水稻磷吸收的关系

采用溶液培养方法,使铁毒耐性不同的两个基因型水稻根表分别形成有铁膜和无铁膜的根系,研究水稻根表铁膜对磷的富集作用及其与水稻磷吸收的关系。不同基因型水稻根表形成的铁膜厚度存在显著差异,对介质中磷的富集能力也有显著差异。根表形成的铁膜越厚,对介质中磷的富集作用也越大,即根表铁膜数量与铁膜对磷的富集量呈显著正相关。铁膜对磷的富集作用是一个化学过程,吸附可在0.5~1.0 h内达到饱和。根表铁膜明显促进水稻对磷的吸收,表明在淹水降低土壤磷有效性时,水稻根表铁膜富集的磷可作为磷库,保证水稻能正常吸收利用磷。     

Potential for the alleviation of arsenic toxicity in paddy rice using amorphous iron-(hydr)oxide amendments

Abstract

A pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of amorphous iron-(hydr)oxide (Am-FeOH) amendments on arsenic (As) availability and its uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. BR28) irrigated with As-contaminated water. A rhizobag system was established using 3.5 L plastic pots, each containing one central compartment for plant growth, a middle compartment and an outside compartment. Three levels of laboratory-synthesized Am-FeOH (0, 0.1 and 0.5% w/w) were used to amend samples of the As-free sandy loam paddy soil placed into each compartment of the rhizobag system. The soils were submerged with a solution containing 5 mg L^?1 As(V). Two-week-old rice seedlings were planted in the central compartments and cultured for 9 weeks under greenhouse conditions. The addition of 0.1% Am-FeOH to the soil irrigated with As-contaminated water improved plant growth, reduced the As concentration in the plants and enhanced Fe-plaque formation on the root surfaces. Analysis of soil solution samples collected during the experiment revealed higher pH levels and lower redox potentials in the soils amended with Am-FeOH at the onset of soil submergence, but later the soil solution collected from the 0.1% Am-FeOH treatment was slightly acidic and more oxidized than the solution from the 0% treatment. This indicated active functioning of the roots in the soil treated with 0.1% Am-FeOH. The concentrations of As(III) in the soil solution collected from the central compartment were significantly reduced by the Am-FeOH amendments, whereas in the soil treated with 0% Fe, As(III) accumulated in the rhizosphere, particularly during the late-cultivation period. The improvement in plant growth and reduction in As uptake by plants growing in the Am-FeOH treated soil could be attributed to the reduction of available As in the soil solution, mainly as a result of the binding of As to the Fe-plaque on the root surfaces.     

Extension of shelf life of tuberose flowers using a combination of gamma irradiation and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) preservatives and assessment of antimicrobial potency of senesced flowers

Tuberose cut flowers, available as loose flowers, were treated with gamma (γ) irradiation and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) preservative solutions for extension of shelf life. The flowers were packaged in low-density polyethylene bags, heat sealed and stored at 23 ± 2°C, 80% relative humidity (RH) and 4 ± 1°C, 40% RH, respectively. The flowers stored at these two temperature regimes were subjected to sensory evaluation and biochemical analyses. From these assessments, the longest shelf life of tuberose flowers was found to be 8 days at 23 ± 2°C, 80% RH (compared to 4 days for control) and 24 days at 4 ± 1°C, 40% RH (compared to 8 days for control) using combination treatment of low dose γ-irradiation (0.02 kGy) and preservative solutions (4% sucrose and 0.02% CaCl₂). Ethanolic extract of tuberose flowers of the most shelf stable set (stored at 4 ± 1°C), i.e. at the end of 24 days, showed antimicrobial potency against the common skin pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923 and MDR strains), suggesting utility of the senesced tuberose flowers for therapeutic applications. This preservation technique would promote export of tuberose flowers by extension of their shelf lives and allow utilization of these flowers, post senescence.     

小鹅瘟PCR诊断方法的建立和初步应用

根据发表的鹅细小病毒B株VP3基因序列 ,设计合成了 1对寡聚核苷酸引物。以国内分离的小鹅瘟病毒为摸板 ,筛选了 (PCR)最佳反应条件 ,并进行了敏感性、特异性和初步应用试验。结果表明 ,在 4 0 μL体积中 ,PCR最佳系统组成为 2uTaq酶、0 5mol/LdNTP和 2 0 pmol引物 ;最佳反应参数为 96℃变性 4 0s ,5 4℃退火 1min ,72℃延伸 1min ,30个循环。本方法可检出 2 5× 10 -1 5EID50 小鹅瘟病毒 ,并且仅能从小鹅瘟病毒的鹅胚培养物中扩增出与设计值大小相同的 375bp核苷酸片断 ,对照病毒扩增结果为阴性。通过对 6份临床病料的检查 ,2份呈阳性 ,其中 1份来自有典型小鹅瘟症状的雏鹅 ,1份来自无典型小鹅瘟症状的雏鹅。由此说明 ,本试验所建立的诊断小鹅瘟的PCR方法具有潜在的临床应用价值     

犬腺病毒SY-45株不同大小蚀斑特性研究

应用蚀斑方法将SY－45毒株经过3次蚀斑纯化直到蚀斑大小相对稳定。从不同大小的蚀斑中挑选出三种蚀斑，大斑直径约3mm(简称LP）、中斑约2mm(简称MP）、小斑约1mm(简称SP）。分别在MDCK细胞上增殖并进行了三种不同大小斑毒对犬的毒力、免疫原性和在MDCK细胞上产毒量比较，以筛选最佳的疫苗株，试验结果表明用不同大小蚀斑病毒大剂量人工感染易感犬后，所有的试验犬临床症状和病理解剖学和病理组织学表现均正常；对挑选的4窝CAV HI抗体效价小于等于1：2的健康幼犬进行免疫试验，测定血清的中和抗体效价和血凝抑制抗体效价，结果表明：大斑毒的免疫原性要稍高于中斑毒，而明显高于小斑毒；不同大小蚀斑毒在MDKC细胞上产毒量差异很大，大斑毒可达10^7TCID50／mL、小斑毒达10^6TCID50／ml、小斑毒达10^4.5TCID^50/mL。综合所有试验结果表明：大斑毒株具有产毒量高、安全性好、免疫原性强的优点，是较为理想的疫苗株。     

红曲发酵力测定方法的可行性研究

红曲米是福建红曲黄酒酿制过程中重要的糖化发酵剂。发酵力是衡量酿造用红曲品质的一个重要指标。研究通过酒精测定法和二氧化碳失重法测定酿造用红曲的发酵力,以评价2种发酵力测定方法的可行性。结果表明,二氧化碳失重法更适合于红曲米发酵力的测定。研究还对福建省20个红曲米的发酵力进行了测定,结果表明用二氧化碳生成量能够很好地表征红曲米发酵力的强弱。红曲米发酵力测定方法可行性分析对红曲米相关标准的制定具有重要意义。     

Suppression of influenza virus infection by the orf virus isolated in Taiwan

Orf virus (ORFV), a member of parapoxvirus, is an enveloped virus with genome of double-stranded DNA. ORFV causes contagious pustular dermatitis or contagious ecthyma in sheep and goats worldwide. In general, detection of viral DNA and observing ORFV virion in tissues of afflicted animals are two methods commonly used for diagnosis of orf infection; however, isolation of the ORFV in cell culture using virus-containing tissue as inoculum is known to be difficult. In this work, the ORFV (Hoping strain) isolated in central Taiwan was successfully grown in cell culture. We further examined the biochemical characteristic of our isolate, including viral genotyping, viral mRNA and protein expression. By electron microscopy, one unique form of viral particle from ORFV infected cellular lysate was demonstrated in the negative-stained field. Moreover, immunomodulating and anti-influenza virus properties of this ORFV were investigated. ORFV stimulated human monocytes (THP-1) secreting proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-α. And, pre-treatment of ORFV-infected cell medium prevents A549 cells from subsequent type A influenza virus (IAV) infection. Similarly, mice infected with ORFV via both intramuscular and subcutaneous routes at two days prior to IAV infection significantly decreased the replication of IAV. In summary, the results of a current study indicated our Hoping strain harbors the immune modulator property; with such a bio-adjuvanticity, we further proved that pre-exposure of ORFV protects animals from subsequent IAV infection.     

基于神经网络的猪肉新鲜度检测分级系统

首先,应用CCD光电检测技术对可表征猪肉新鲜度的多个特征量进行检测;然后,利用数字图像处理技术对检测到的特征量进行处理;最后,利用神经网络技术研究非相干微量参数的多数据融合检测方法,从而实现对猪肉新鲜度检测分级辨识。