鸡流行性腹泻病原的分离鉴定及特性研究

用胰蛋白酶处理发病鸡的粪便和肠内容物，接种Marc145细胞，盲传数代后，从山东不同地区发生流行性腹泻的鸡群中分离到轮状病毒，并对分离的轮状病毒的生物学特性和理化特性进行了部分研究。结果表明病毒粒子的形态呈车轮状、大小为70-80nm；其病毒基因组的电泳图谱为5：1：3：2；病毒在Marc145细胞上传到第9代时的TCID50为10^-4.62／0．1mL；该分离株病毒对氯仿、乙醚有抵抗力；对pH3．0处理60min稳定；50℃ 30min能使其感染力下降10^2；1mol／L MgCl2不能增强其对50℃ 60min的抵抗力。动物回归试验中接种两周龄SPF鸡，24h后陆续发病，表现为持续性水样腹泻，与自然发病相同；剖检可见病鸡脱水、小肠内有大量的液体和气泡、肠粘膜变薄；组织学变化为肠绒毛上皮坏死、脱落，绒毛平均长度减少而隐窝深度增加，固有层中淋巴细胞浸润。其临床症状及病理组织学变化与自然发病相同。因此确定发生在山东鸡流行件腹泻的病原为轮状病毒．     

羊生长激素的提取及生物化学和生物活性的测定

600 g 冰冻羊垂体经过酸性溶液提取、硫酸铵的分级分离和 DEAE-纤维素柱层析得纯品(1),其得率为0.08g/kg,最后将部分纯品(1)过 Sephadex G-100分子筛,得到高纯的羊生长激素[纯品(2)]。提取的羊生长激素具有相当高的理化均一性,纯品(2):聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳呈现一条主带和二条酸性小带;聚丙烯酰胺等电聚焦电泳呈现二条带,其等电点分别为 pH7.35和 pH7.40,SDS—电泳呈现二条很难分开的带,其平均分子量为20 100道尔顿;用DNS-CI 法测得的 N-末端氨基酸是2个,丙氨酸和苯氨酸。纯品(1)理化均一性稍差:SDS—电泳较纯品(2)多出两条分子量低的带;等电聚焦电泳多出六条酸性小带。除此之外,其他理化性质同纯品(2)。用大白鼠胫骨实验测定生物活性,测得纯品(1)可使垂体大白鼠胫骨软骨盘的宽度相对增加79%。未对纯品(2)进行生物活性测定。用羊催乳素放射免疫药盒测定,纯品(1)和纯品(2)与羊催乳素均无交叉反应。     

Phylogeny of the frosty pod rot pathogen of cocoa

Morphological, cytological and molecular evidence is presented which confirms that the frosty pod rot pathogen of cocoa, formerly classified as the mitosporic fungus Moniliophthora roreri (Deuteromycota), belongs to the hymenomycetous genus Crinipellis (Basidiomycota) and that two varieties should now be recognized: Crinipellis roreri var. roreri and the new variety C. roreri var. gileri . The latter was collected on Theobroma gileri , an endemic tree of submontane forests in north-west Ecuador, and can be distinguished from Ecuadorian and Peruvian isolates from cocoa ( T. cacao ) on the basis of spore morphology, incompatibility and nucleotide sequence data. As with var. roreri , meiosis is shown to occur within the dispersive and infective spore stage of var. gileri and these meiospores are interpreted to represent a much modified probasidium. In addition, in a field inoculation experiment, an isolate from T. gileri proved to be noninfective to cocoa pods when compared with positive control strains isolated from T. cacao in western Ecuador and T. bicolor in eastern Ecuador. It is concluded that var. gileri is the vestigial progenitor of the frosty pod rot pathogen of cocoa, with a host range and distribution restricted to T. gileri in the mesic forests of north-west South America.     

Characterization and PCR-based Typing of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria from Peppers and Tomatoes in Serbia

During the last two decades bacterial strains associated with necrotic leaf spots of pepper and tomato fruit spots were collected in Serbia. Twenty-eight strains isolated from pepper and six from tomato were characterized. A study of their physiological and pathological characteristics, and fatty acid composition analysis revealed that all of the strains belong to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. Being non-amylolytic and non-pectolytic, pathogenic on pepper but not on tomato, containing lower amounts of fatty acid 15 : 0 ante–iso, the pepper strains were designated as members of the A group of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria. However, the tomato strains hydrolyzed starch and pectate, caused compatible reactions on tomato but not on pepper, had higher percent of 15 : 0 ante–iso fatty acid, and were classified into B phenotypic group and identified as X. vesicatoria. PCR primers were developed which amplified conserved DNA regions related to the hrp genes of different strains of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria associated with pepper and tomato. Restriction analysis of the PCR product resulted in different patterns and enabled grouping of the strains into four groups. When xanthomonads isolated from pepper and tomato in Serbia were analyzed, they clustered into two groups corresponding to the grouping based on their physiological and pathological characteristics. According to the reaction of pepper and tomato differential varieties, the strains from pepper belong to races P7 and P8 and tomato strains belong to the race T2. All strains were sensitive to copper and streptomycin. Advantages and disadvantages of various bacterial spot management practices are discussed.     

木本能源植物文冠果的表型多样性研究

以文冠果为研究对象,调查了14个分布区文冠果的15个表型性状,利用变异系数和巢式方差分析研究了分布区间和分布区内的变异情况;应用相关分析揭示了表型性状间及其与地理因子间的关系;运用聚类分析进行了分布区分类.结果表明,文冠果分布区内的变异大于分布区间的变异,分布区间的分化相对较小;出种数随经度的增大而减少,果宽随纬度的增大而增大,但随年平均气温的增大而减小,而其它13个性状随地理位置的改变没有特别明显的变化;表型性状的欧式距离与地理距离相关不显著.     

苎麻优质种质的鉴定与评价

对10份苎麻优质种质和2份对照种质的农艺性状和纤维细度进行了鉴定评价.结果表明,所选材料的农艺性状和品质性状均存在丰富的变异;供试10份优质种质的纤维细度明显高于两对照,而产量却明显低于两对照,其中,安龙苎麻1号的纤维细度达2 038m·g-1,产量达到1 762.71 kg·hm-2,丰产性较好;新民家麻、定业苎麻、龙塘白麻、安龙苎麻2号、奉节梅子线麻、那为苎麻1号产量较低(＞1 050 kg·hm-2),品质较好(纤维细度＞2 100 m·g-1),其他3份优质种质的纤维细度均大于2 200 m·g-1,但产量低(产量≤1 050 kg·hm-2).     

几种海藻中溴过氧化物酶的筛选及酶学性质

溴过氧化物酶(BrPOD)是具有特殊功能的过氧化物酶,海藻是其主要来源。对几种中国海域的红藻如角叉菜(Chondrus ocellatus)、龙须菜(Gracilaria sjoestedtii)、珊瑚藻(Corallina officinalis)进行了溴过氧化物酶的藻种筛选,并对酶活较高的珊瑚藻进行溴过氧化物酶分离纯化及性质的研究。通过硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-cellulose 52离子交换层析、Sephadex G-100凝胶层析等方法,从珊瑚藻中分离得到溴过氧化物酶。对该酶性质研究表明,该酶分子量较大,表观分子量为64 kD;溴化单氯甲酮的最适pH值为6.0;pH在5.0-9.0时酶活性稳定;在30-70℃温度范围内酶活性稳定;Ca2 、Co2 、Cu2 、Mn2 、NaF和EDTA等化合物使溴过氧化物酶活性下降,钒酸盐能提高酶活性。反应动力学实验表明,该酶对Br-、H2O2的Km分别为7.40 mmol/L和96.09μmol/L。     

不同来源地茶树种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析

为了对不同来源地茶树种质资源进行鉴定评价和遗传多样性分析,以来自福建、广东、台湾的72份茶树种质作为研究对象,对其27项表型性状进行观测与分析。结果表明：72份茶树种质资源遗传变异性丰富,平均遗传多样性指数（H′）为1.30,其中数量性状（1.82）大于质量性状（0.94）,以梗粗的最大（2.15）;数量性状的平均变异系数（CV）为17.86%,以百芽重的最大（29.21%）,其次是发芽密度（23.46%）。相关性分析发现多个数量性状间的关系复杂,有22对性状的相关性达极显著水平（P˂0.01）,8对达显著水平（P˂0.05）;聚类分析结果显示,72份茶树种质在遗传距离为16时被划分为4个类群,各类群间的主要性状差异显著或极显著,且形态特征和进化类型各异;主成分分析表明,前10个主成分的特征值大于1,代表了27项表型性状76.04%的信息;根据主成分综合得分大小,筛选出综合得分前5的茶树种质可在茶叶新产品开发、茶树育种等方面加以利用。     

77份文心兰种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析

对文心兰77份种质资源的28个表型性状进行测定与评价,通过相关性分析、主成分分析及聚类分析获得其表型遗传多样性。结果表明：21个数量性状的遗传多样性指数均值达1.85,变化区间为1.36~2.07,其中数值最大为株幅（2.07）;在7个质量形状中,除叶色性状外的其他表型性状的多样性指数均大于1,均值为1.23,最大表现为唇瓣颜色（1.79）。相关性分析结果表明数量性状之间关系复杂,大部分性状之间呈现显著或极显著的正相关。主成分分析筛选出4个特征值大于1的主成分,累计贡献率达74.079%,由蕊柱长、中萼宽、花枝长、花朵数量、侧萼长和宽、唇瓣宽7个表型特征向量组成。聚类分析表明,文心兰种质划分为5大类群,其中第Ⅰ类群的15个品种为小株型,适合作为办公室小盆花;第Ⅳ类群由30个品种组成,为农艺性状综合表现良好,较适合做鲜切花的品种。研究结果可为文心兰新品种的培育及杂交亲本的选择提供理论基础。