排序方式: 共有26条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
G.A. Delis M. Koutsoviti-Papadopoulou V.I. Siarkou G. Kounenis G.C. Batzias 《Research in veterinary science》2010,89(3):418-425
Silicone-made tissue cages were implanted in sheep. Blood serum (SBS) and tissue cage fluid (TCF) samples were collected after amoxicillin intravenous and intramuscular administrations, at the dose of 15 mg/kg. Amoxicillin pharmacodynamics were studied in an artificial culture medium, SBS and TCF with use of a Mannheimia haemolytica and a Pasteurella multocida strain. A concentration-independent antimicrobial activity of amoxicillin was confirmed for levels higher than 0.79–1.75 × MIC. This result favored the use of the percentage of the 24 h dosing interval during which drug levels remain above MIC as the appropriate pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic index. The subsequent correlation revealed that intravenous administration could be considered effective against “deep” infections caused by bacteria with MICs < 1 μg/mL or “shallow” infections caused by bacteria with MICs < 0.1 μg/mL. Intramuscular administration could be safely considered effective against both “deep” and “shallow” infections when the MICs of the targeted pathogens are lower than 1 μg/mL. 相似文献
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恩诺沙星在鲤体内的药效学及药动力学研究 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
用恩诺沙星对5种淡水养殖鱼类常见病、多发病致病菌进行抑菌试验,获得了恩诺沙星对细菌出血性败血病、打印病、赤皮病、烂鳃病、肠炎病致病菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为0 02、0 04、0 63、0 31、0 04μg/mL。体内抗菌药效试验结果表明,每日以10mg/kg剂量混饲口灌给药,能有效地杀灭致病菌,提高感染鱼的成活率。并应用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定以该剂量给药后不同时间鱼血浆中药物的质量浓度。采用MCPKP药代动力学软件处理药时数据,获得了鲤对恩诺沙星的吸收、分布与排除数据,结果表明,混饲口灌恩诺沙星在鱼体内的药时数据符合开放式一室模型,=0 2015h,t1/2K=主要药代动力学参数:AUC=45 0550μg/(mL·h),Cmax=2 1472μg/mL,t1/2Ka13 6513h。 相似文献
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Haritova AM Rusenova NV Parvanov PR Lashev LD Fink-Gremmels J 《Veterinary research communications》2006,30(7):775-789
Colibacillosis is a systemic disease responsible for important economic losses in poultry breeding; fluoroquinolones, including
danofloxacin, are used to treat diseased animals. The purpose of the present study was to estimate pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic
(PK-PD) surrogates for bacteriostasis, bactericidal activity and bacterial elimination against Escherichia coli O78/K80, using a PK-PD approach, for danofloxacin in turkeys after oral administration. Eight healthy turkeys, breed BUT
9, were included in a two-way crossover study. The drug was administered intravenously (i.v.) and orally at a dose rate of
6 mg/kg bw. The values of the elimination half-life and the total body clearance after i.v. administration were 8.64 ± 2.35
h and 586.76 ± 136.67 ml kg-1h-1, respectively. After oral administration, the values of the absolute bioavailability and the elimination half-life were 78.37±
17.35% and 9.74± 2.93 h, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration against the investigated strain in turkey serum
was 0.25 μg/ml, four times higher than in broth. The lowest effective ex vivo AUC24/MIC ratios required for bacteriostasis, bactericidal activity, and total killing of E. coliO78/K80 were 0.416 h, 1.9 h and 6.73 h, respectively. The oral dose of 6 mg/kg used in the present study could be interpreted
as being sufficient to eliminate E. coli with an MIC 0.25 μ g/ml. However, considering the demand that antimicrobial resistance should be avoided by complete bacterial
elimination, PK-PD considerations suggest that an even higher dose of 32 mg/kg per day or 0.7 mg/kcal per day should be evaluated
in clinical trials. 相似文献
5.
Tamara L. Grubb Danielle Kurkowski Deborah C. Sellon Kathy K. Seino Todd Coffey Jennifer L. Davis 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(1):26-36
Buprenorphine is absorbed following sublingual administration, which would be a low‐stress delivery route in foals. However, the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics are not described in foals. Six healthy foals <21 days of age participated in a blinded, randomized, 3‐period, 5‐sequence, 3‐treatment crossover prospective study. Foals received 0.01–0.02 mg/kg buprenorphine administered SL or IV with an equivalent volume of saline administered by the opposite route. Blood was collected from the cephalic vein for pharmacokinetic analysis. Physiologic parameters (HR, RR, body temperature, GI sounds), locomotion (pedometer), and behavioral data (activity level, nursing time, response to humans) were recorded. Plasma concentration of buprenorphine exceeded a presumed analgesic level (0.6 ng/ml) in five foals in the IV group and one in the SL group but only for a very brief time. Pharmacokinetic analysis following IV administration demonstrated a short elimination half‐life (t1/2β 1.95 ± 0.7 hr), large volume of distribution (6.46 ± 1.54 L/kg), and a high total clearance (55.83 ± 23.75 ml/kg/min), which differs from adult horses. Following SL administration, maximum concentrations reached were 0.61 ± 0.11 ng/ml and bioavailability was 25.1% ± 10.9%. In both groups, there were minor statistical differences in HR, RR, body temperature, locomotion, and time spent nursing. However, these differences were clinically insignificant in this single dose study, and excitement, sedation, or colic did not occur. 相似文献
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葱兰菌核病是葱兰上发生的一种新病害,近年来在三峡库区葱兰上为害日趋严重。通过对病害的系统调查,基本摸清该病的侵染循环及在库区的发生为害情况。经室内分离培养鉴定及对多种寄主的接种试验,确定该病病原及部分寄主范围。对纯化的病原菌采用4种药剂进行室内毒力测定,结果表明:55%嘧霉胺?多菌灵复配剂(春佳)对葱兰菌核病的效果最佳,其效果明显优于50%多?菌核净(菌脱)、25%福美双腐霉利可湿性粉剂(立佳欣)和8.50%异菌脲可湿性粉剂(大扑因)。为该病的有效防控提供参考。 相似文献
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红茶中茶色素功效研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
红茶色素是红茶生产过程中茶多酚类物质经过多种氧化形成的,是决定红茶品质特征的关键物质,具有防癌、抗癌、抗氧化、抗炎、抗病毒等作用。文章对其功效进行综述。 相似文献
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Luke A. Wittenburg Kristen Weishaar Dominique Ramirez Daniel L. Gustafson 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2019,17(2):147-154
Doxorubicin (DOX) area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) was calculated for 40 dogs with spontaneously occurring cancers using a previously validated limited‐sampling approach. All dogs were administered a dose of 30 mg/m2 by intravenous infusion and serum samples were collected at 5, 45 and 60 minutes post‐infusion. DOX and its major metabolite, doxorubicinol (doxol), were quantified in serum samples using high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem‐mass spectrometry. Wide interpatient variability was observed in the predicted DOX AUC with a coefficient of variation of 34%. A significant relationship was found between DOX AUC and absolute white blood cell count (P = 0.003), absolute neutrophil count (ANC; P = 0.002) and surviving fraction of neutrophils (P = 0.03) approximately 1 week after dosing (nadir). No changes in other hematologic parameters (red blood cells, platelets, lymphocytes, haemoglobin) were found to correlate with DOX AUC. The absolute dose (mg) and the dose per unit body weight (mg/kg) were not significantly correlated with nadir ANC. No relationships were found between maximum serum doxol concentration and myelosuppression. Baseline ANC was also significantly correlated to nadir ANC and a model was constructed using baseline ANC and DOX AUC that significantly described the nadir ANC. These findings demonstrate the important relationship between systemic DOX exposure and degree of neutropenia in dogs, and suggest a potential for individualized, pharmacokinetically‐guided DOX dosing in dogs. 相似文献
10.
Wanhe Luo Dehai Wang Hua Qin Dongmei Chen Yuanhu Pan Wei Qu Lingli Huang Shuyu Xie 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2021,22(6)
BackgroundOur previously prepared ceftiofur (CEF) hydrochloride oily suspension shows potential wide applications for controlling swine Streptococcus suis infections, while the irrational dose has not been formulated.ObjectivesThe rational dose regimens of CEF oily suspension against S. suis were systematically studied using a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model method.MethodsThe healthy and infected pigs were intramuscularly administered CEF hydrochloride oily suspension at a single dose of 5 mg/kg, and then the plasma and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) were collected at different times. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration, mutant prevention concentration (MPC), post-antibiotic effect (PAE), and time-killing curves were determined. Subsequently, the area under the curve by the MIC (AUC0–24h/MIC) values of desfuroylceftiofur (DFC) in the PELF was obtained by integrating in vivo pharmacokinetic data of the infected pigs and ex vivo pharmacodynamic data using the sigmoid Emax (Hill) equation. The dose was calculated based on the AUC0–24h/MIC values for bacteriostatic action, bactericidal action, and bacterial elimination.ResultsThe peak concentration, the area under the concentration-time curve, and the time to peak for PELF''s DFC were 24.76 ± 0.92 µg/mL, 811.99 ± 54.70 μg·h/mL, and 8.00 h in healthy pigs, and 33.04 ± 0.99 µg/mL, 735.85 ± 26.20 μg·h/mL, and 8.00 h in infected pigs, respectively. The MIC of PELF''s DFC against S. suis strain was 0.25 µg/mL. There was strong concentration-dependent activity as determined by MPC, PAE, and the time-killing curves. The AUC0–24h/MIC values of PELF''s DFC for bacteriostatic activity, bactericidal activity, and virtual eradication of bacteria were 6.54 h, 9.69 h, and 11.49 h, respectively. Thus, a dosage regimen of 1.94 mg/kg every 72 h could be sufficient to reach bactericidal activity.ConclusionsA rational dosage regimen was recommended, and it could assist in increasing the treatment effectiveness of CEF hydrochloride oily suspension against S. Suis infections. 相似文献