Detection of quinolone-resistance genes in Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida strains by targeting-induced local lesions in genomes

Quinolone-resistant strains of the fish-pathogenic bacterium, Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida are distributed widely in cultured yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata (Temminck & Schlegel), in Japan. The quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) was amplified with degenerate primers, followed by cassette ligation-mediated PCR. Open reading frames encoding proteins of 875 and 755 amino acid residues were detected in the gyrA and parC genes, respectively. Resistant strains of P. damselae subsp. piscicida carried a point mutation only in the gyrA QRDR leading to a Ser-to-Ile substitution at residue position 83. No amino acid alterations were discovered in the ParC sequence. A mutation in the gyrA gene was also detected in nalidixic acid-resistant mutants of strain SP96002 obtained from agar medium containing increased levels of quinolone. These results suggest that GyrA, as in other Gram-negative bacteria, is a target of quinolone in P. damselae subsp. piscicida. Furthermore, we attempted to detect a point mutation using targeting-induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING), which is a general strategy used for the detection of a variety of induced point mutations and naturally occurring polymorphisms. We developed a new detection method for the rapid and large-scale identification of quinolone-resistant strains of P. damselae subsp. piscicida using TILLING.     

猪链球菌对氟喹诺酮类药物的耐药性与靶位突变相关性

旨在了解猪链球菌对氟喹诺酮类药物耐药性与parC、gyrA基因突变的相关性,通过微量稀释法测定34株猪链球菌对4种氟喹诺酮类药物的MIC值,采用PCR方法扩增并测序分析了临床分离的猪链球菌对氟唪诺酮类约物10株耐药株和9株敏感株的parC和gyrA基因喹诺酮耐药决定区(QRDRs).在氟喹诺酮类药物耐药菌株parC基因QRDRs发生Ser79→Phe、Arg 87→Leu的氨基酸突变,在4株高度耐药菌株gyrA基因QRDRs发生Arg66→Ser,Ser81→Arg氨基酸突变;当菌株对氟喹诺酮类药物敏感时,parC和gyrA基因的QRDR区均未有突变;而当MIC≥32 μg·L-1 时,parC的氨基酸发生了 Ser79→Phe的突变,同时发生gyrA氨基酸Arg66→Ser,Set81→Arg突变.结果表明,猪链球菌对氟喹诺酮类药物低水平类耐药是由parC单一位点突变引起,而高水平耐药是由parC和gyrA双位点突变引起.     

养殖场分离的耐氟喹诺酮类药物的大肠杆菌基因突变研究

【目的】探讨从养殖场动物、环境和饲养员分离的大肠杆菌的gyrA 和parC 基因突变特征。【方法】用琼脂稀释法测定环丙沙星和恩诺沙星对菌株的最小抑菌浓度。PCR扩增gyrA 和parC 基因的喹诺酮耐药决定区，扩增的片段长度分别为525 bp和487 bp，PCR产物直接测序。【结果】在63株突变株中，在GyrA 亚基发生的氨基酸替代有Ser83→Leu（62株）和Asp87→Asn（52株）、Asp87→Tyr（2株）、Asp87→His（2株）；ParC 亚基的氨基酸替代有Ser80→Ile（47株）、Ser80→Arg（2株）和Glu84→Val（3株）、Glu84→Lys（4株）、Glu84→Gly（5株）、Glu84→Ala（1株）。环丙沙星对菌株的MIC小于0.125μg·ml-1时，GyrA和ParC亚基均没有任何变异；环丙沙星的MIC为0.125～0.25 μg·ml-1时，GyrA亚基出现单一氨基酸替代；环丙沙星的MIC为0.5～32μg·ml-1时，出现GyrA 83位和87位双替代或者GyrA83和ParC80位双替代；环丙沙星的MIC为4～128μg·ml-1，发生GyrA 双替代和ParC单替代；环丙沙星的MIC在16～128μg·ml-1，发生GyrA双替代和ParC 双替代。【结论】不同来源的耐氟喹诺酮类药物的大肠杆菌GyrA和ParC具有多种氨基酸替代类型，而且GyrA和ParC突变位点的数量与菌株对氟喹诺酮类耐药水平呈正相关。     

耐氟喹诺酮类药物大肠杆菌基因突变耐药机制的研究

取临床分离的 4株耐药菌、实验室诱导培养获得的 3株耐药菌和 1株敏感菌 ,提取其染色体 DNA,PCR扩增 gy-r A和 par C基因片段 ,并将其克隆和测序。结果表明 ,无论是临床分离的还是实验室诱导的耐药菌 ,gyr A基因在其编码第 83位或第 87位氨基酸处均发生突变 ,par C基因在其编码第 80位或第 84位氨基酸处发生突变 ,而敏感菌 ES在2个基因位点上均未发生突变。其中 2株低度耐药菌株的 gyr A基因出现单一突变 ,使其编码的氨基酸发生改变 ,分别为 Ser83→ L eu或 Asp87→ Asn,但在 par C基因上却未发生突变 ;其余 5株高度耐药菌 gyr A基因突变导致氨基酸发生改变 :Ser83→ L eu(n=5 ) ,Asp87→ Asn(n=4 )和 Tyr(n=1) ,par C基因突变导致氨基酸改变 :Ser80→ Ile(n=4 )和Glu84→ L ys(n=1)。这 2个基因的突变均与文献报道的突变相同 ,表明 gyr A基因 Ser83和 Asp87突变以及 par C基因 Ser80和 Glu84突变可能与大肠杆菌的喹诺酮类药耐药机制有关 ,且低度耐药只在 gyr A基因上出现单一位点突变 ,当高度耐药时 ,才同时在 par C基因上出现突变     

鸡源性沙门氏菌氟喹诺酮类耐药株与拓扑异构酶IV关系研究

采用常规PCR法,以雏鸡沙门氏菌NCTC5776作为质控菌株,取临床分离的对5种氟喹诺酮类药物(环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、单诺沙星和沙拉沙星)均耐药的9株鸡源性沙门氏菌耐药株,提取其染色体DNA.设计引物parCF和parCR、parEF和parER,分别扩增菌株拓扑异构酶IVparC基因和parE基因的氟喹诺酮类...     

GyrA and ParC Gene Mutation of Clinically Isolated Fluoroquinolones-resistant Strain of Salmonella

Nine strains resistant to five fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Danofloxacin, Sarafloxacin) were isolated from clinical samples and extracted the chromosomal DNA of these strains. Designed primers to amplify the Quinolone-resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and parC, then the PCR products were sequenced and analyzed. In comparision with NCTC5776, a single mutation was found at base 371 in gyrA of strain 38 which changed from C to T, and a single mutation was found at base 350 in gyrA of strain 60 which changed from A to C. No mutation was found in gyrA of the rest. The mutation of strain 38 led to an amino acid substitution of Arg99Cys and the mutation of 60 led to an amino acid substitution of Met 92 Leu. No mutation was found in parC QRDR of all the isolates. These results indicats that the DNA gyrase will be the primary target to salmonella of fluoroquinolone.