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Effect of dietary phosphorus levels on growth and body composition of crucian carp,Carassius auratus under indoor and outdoor experiments
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Indoor and outdoor experiments were carried out simultaneously to evaluate the effects of dietary phosphorus levels on growth performance and body composition of crucian carp. Monocalcium was used to formulate extruded feed containing available phosphorus (AP) of 1.5 (D1), 4.7 (D2), 6.3 (D3) and 9.0 (D4) g kg?1. Twelve 500‐L recirculating tanks were assigned to four triplicate groups with each tank stocked with 15 juveniles (39.88 ± 0.14 g) for indoor experiment. Twelve polyethylene enclosures were assigned to four groups with each one stocked with 120 juveniles (44.08 ± 1.36 g). After 8 weeks of feeding, survival ranged from 96% to 100%. Weight gain, special growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion rate did not show significant differences among dietary treatments in both experiments. Fish cultured in the enclosures grew better, although D1 and D2 treatments did not reach significant level. Crude protein and phosphorus content of the fish were not significantly affected by dietary phosphorus level. Moisture, crude lipid, crude ash and vertebrae phosphorus were significantly affected by different phosphorus levels. Based on vertebrae phosphorus, crucian carp cultured in the tanks and in the enclosures showed phosphorus deficiency under 4.7 g kg?1 and 6.3 g kg?1 AP, respectively. 相似文献
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敞口池塘和遮荫池塘养殖美洲鲥当年鱼种的生长规律和差异 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
对600尾各生长阶段的敞口池塘和遮荫池塘养殖美洲鲥当年鱼种的体长、体质量进行了测量与分析,研究比较了两种池塘养殖鱼种生长的规律和差异。结果显示:敞口池塘和遮荫池塘养殖美洲鲥当年鱼种的体长与体质量均呈良好的幂函数增长关系(W=aL~b,R~2 0. 99,P 0. 01,n=300),b值接近且略小于3(分别为2. 786 4和2. 843 1),体长生长略快于体质量生长。养殖试验初期(0~15 d),美洲鲥当年鱼种出现飞跃式补偿生长,而后鱼种体长和体质量的特定生长率均随养殖日龄增加呈现下降趋势。敞口池塘和遮荫池塘的鱼种体长生长均可用一次线性函数(L=at+b,R~2 0. 97,P 0. 01,n=9)拟合,体质量生长均可用二次函数拟合(W=at~2+bt+c,R2 0. 97,P 0. 01,n=9);养殖前期,在57 d(9月13日)前,敞口池塘的鱼种生长优于遮荫池塘,养殖后期,在79 d(10月5日)后,则相反。敞口池塘的饵料系数(1. 22)低于遮荫池塘(2. 04)。敞口池塘鱼种体长和体质量的变异系数明显小于遮荫池塘的变异系数(P 0. 05)。研究表明美洲鲥幼鱼对高温有良好的适应能力,其高温耐受力高于成鱼。建议美洲鲥池塘养殖过程中,当年鱼种采用敞口池塘养殖,而成鱼采用遮荫池塘养殖。 相似文献
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老年公寓是现在备受关注的课题,本研究系统梳理了老年公寓外环境康复支持性的概念、特征、功能,提出了包括道路场地适应性、设施通用性、空间多样化、环境优美度等4方面评价目标及15个评价因子,并运用层次分析法建立起老年公寓外环境康复支持性评价指标体系,以期对老年公寓外环境的评价理论和实践研究有一定的借鉴价值。 相似文献
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The availability of public recreational facilities is being threatened by growing demands, limited supplies, and declining
government funding. In response to these pressures, the economic potential of agroforestry for supplementing operating budgets
of public recreational parks is examined in a case study park consisting of 324 hectares. Agroforestry enterprises native
to the area were selected for development on 70 hectares of the site. Linear programming was used to determine the optimum
combinations of 23 agroforestry regimes composed of the following activities: 1) conventional forestry planting, tree density
of 1682 trees/hectare, 2) the selected agroforestry planting with hay, tree density of 1495 trees/hectare, 3) the selected
agroforestry planting with grazing, 4) hay production, and 5) rental of pasture for grazing. The objective function of the
study was to maximize the net present value of the study site subject to land, labor, capital, and minimum annual income constraints.
The preferred optimal regime generated $1782 per hectare from an agroforestry planting configuration of 1495 trees/hectare
with 75 percent hay, 25 percent grazing, and no annual income requirements. Minimum annual income requirements of $2400 and
$4800 were feasible but suboptimal from a net present value criteria. The study found that agroforestry could be used to privatize
selective activities of public recreational parks and thus enable public agencies to provide these facilities more effectively. 相似文献
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水泥池养殖方斑东风螺Babylonia areolata的生长特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对室外水泥池养殖方斑东风螺的生长特性进行了研究。对1龄内不同生长发育阶段的1400余个方斑东风螺的壳高、体重生长参数进行测量和分析,结果表明:(1)水泥池养殖方斑东风螺壳高和体重呈幂函数关系,W=0.2349H~(2.89)(R~2=0.9822,P<0.01);(2)1龄内养殖方斑东风螺的壳高生长曲线和体重生长速度曲线呈现出不断升高趋势,壳高日均增长和体重日均增重为0.11 mm·d~(-1)和0.03 g·d~(-1);壳高特定增长率 IGR_H 和体重特定增重率 IGR_W 平均为0.69%和1.96%;养殖方斑东风螺在1龄以内为快速生长期,远没有达到生长的拐点;同时,方斑东风螺的生长明显受水温影响,当水温降到20.2℃时,其日均增长和日均增重降到最低,分别为0.09 mm·d~(-1)和0.01 g·d~(-1);特定增长率和特定增重率分别降到0.42%和0.64%。 相似文献
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采用行为学方法研究大棚饲养条件下风扇降温和水帘降温以及舍饲、35日龄开放运动场、70日龄开放运动场对黄羽肉鸡采食、饮水、修饰、站立、运动、觅食、攻击、休息、沙浴,栖架10种行为的影响。结果表明:(1)水帘降温组鸡群采食和修饰行为的百分比极显著高于风扇降温组(P〈0.01);而饮水、站立和觅食行为的百分比则极显著低于风扇降温组(P〈0.01);沙浴行为百分比也显著低于风扇降温组(P〈0.05),其他的行为变化差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)放养措施可以极显著增加鸡群的采食、饮水、修饰、运动、觅食、休息以及沙浴等7种行为的百分比(P〈0.01),极显著降低鸡群的栖架行为及站立行为的百分比(P〈0.01);其他的行为变化差异不显著(P>0.05)。表明不同降温措施和不同时间放养措施显著影响肉鸡采食、饮水、站立、修饰、觅食和沙浴行为百分比,上述6种行为指标可作为评价黄羽肉鸡福利养殖水平的参考指标。 相似文献
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Previous research has generally not found a strong relationship between participation in outdoor recreation and environmental concern. Research has suggested, however, that the motivation underlying recreation can mediate this relationship for some nature-based recreation groups. We hypothesized that the motivation underlying participation in birding mediates the participation–environmental concern relationship. We collected data via mail-back surveys from 529 American Birding Association members. Using structural modeling, we compared a direct effects model with partial and full mediation models with motivation variables as the mediators. The partial mediation model was weakly supported for two out of three motivation variables. Fit indices showed all models to have less than adequate fit. The results suggested that participation may not lead to environmental concern and that other variables, including motivation, may be more influential. 相似文献