我国杂交粳稻面临的挑战与机遇

本文回顾了我国杂交粳稻发展的历史,分析了发展的现状和存在的问题,并得出如下结论:杂交粳稻的研究力量分散,育种家之间缺乏交流及育种材料的创新机制不够健全是限制我国杂交粳稻发展的最主要原因;我国杂交粳稻快速发展的机遇已经到来。     

新时期宁夏扶贫开发机制的创新研究

面对新时期宁夏贫困问题的复杂性、多样性和独特性,传统的以政府扶持为主导的减贫战略已无法根治贫困,减贫的根本途径是要形成长效的减贫体制和机制,使减贫动力内生化．为此,作者超越传统经济行为的治理结构,提出了使“扩大机会”和“加强社会保障”这两项减贫战略内生于扶贫开发的扶贫创新机制,并创造性的提出由社会型企业来实施这种机制,难点就是政府如何引导社会型企业的诞生．     

中国复合农林业发展机遇与研究展望*

概述了复合农林业的基本内涵及其发展机遇,论述了复合农林业在林业和农业可持续发展中的地位和作用,并结合复合农林业及其相关学科的发展趋势,从研究的尺度、对象及地域、手段及方法、内容等角度,对我国复合农林业的研究进行了展望。     

宁夏发展低碳经济的挑战与机遇分析

从宁夏产业结构、能源结构等内在因素和国家加大节能减排力度、国际上减缓温室气体排放等外部因素,分析宁夏发展低碳经济的必要性和紧迫性。低碳经济会延缓宁夏的工业化发展,打破现有经济结构,提高发展门槛。同时,低碳经济也给宁夏带来一次深层调整产业结构的机会,促进风能、太阳能发电等低碳产业的发展,凸显其后发优势。由此提出,优化能源结构提高能源利用效率,调整产业结构促进低碳型产业的发展,出台政策创建利于形成低碳经济发展模式的软环境,加强植被建设和土被保护提高碳汇能力,争取空间为解决发展与环境矛盾创造条件等低碳经济发展措施。     

中国复合农林业发展机遇与研究展望

通过概述复合农林业基本内涵、中国林业可持续发展战略及六大林业工程建设与复合农林业的关系.说明复合农林业发展机遇.并结合复合农林业及其相关学科的发展趋势,从研究尺度、研究手段、研究方式、研究地域和热点研究内容等方面,提出我国未来复合农林业研究展望.     

基于SWOT分析构建天目山国家级自然保护区管理策略

通过对浙江省天目山国家级自然保护区管理局、临安市西天目乡人民政府和周边社区不同类型村民代表等主要相关利益者的12个小组访谈,及104个农户和59个社会公众的问卷调查,以SWOT为分析框架,阐述天目山国家级自然保护的强势与机会及弱势与挑战。强势与机会有:①国家可持续发展战略的实施;②当地生态旅游的发展;③基于非木质资源利用为主的产业结构;④当地居民良好的环境保护意识;⑤社区共管模式雏形的出现;⑥强有力的林业科研力量支撑。弱势与挑战为:①对当地社区居民的利益补偿机制不完善;②自然保护与社区利益共享机制未完全形成;③社区共管机制尚不健全;④自然保护区总体规划滞后;⑤自然资源和生态环境出现退化。提出了构建自然保护区与周边社区利益共享和伙伴合作机制的设想。表4参8     

A survey to identify economic opportunities for smallholder dairy farms in Bangladesh

Identified economic opportunities for planning interventions greatly increase farmers’ compliance with an extension programme. We investigated opportunities for interventions to increase dairy farmers’ income in four areas of Bangladesh, including the districts of Mymensingh, Khulna-Satkhira, Sirajgonj-Pabna and Chittagong. The data were collected from 1440 dairy farms at a one-day visit and were summarized as the difference between management targets and each herd’s calculated management indices. The average number of lactating cows, feed cost as a percentage of income from milk, milk sold as percentage of milk produced, lactating cows as a percentage of mature cows, and lactating cows as a percentage of total cattle varied from 1.5 to 3.4, from 52.5% to 92.1%, from 78.7% to 92.6%, from 81.9% to 86.7% and from 34.3% to 37.7%, respectively. The average age at first calving, calf production interval, lactation length, and milk production were 35.0–44.3 months, 14.0–17.6 months, 249–286 days and 3.5–7.2 litres, respectively, depending on the locality. The average cost for producing 100 litres of milk was 18.9–35.1 US dollars. The production cost increased when daily milk production per cow decreased (r² = 0.43–0.55). Management improvements directed towards increasing average milk production per cow per day, increasing lactation length, decreasing age to first calving, and decreasing calf production interval could expect to yield an average income increase up to a range of 676.3–1730.6 US dollars depending on the milk-producing area.     

青藏高原气候暖湿变化条件下生态建设面临的机遇与挑战

着重分析了在青藏高原气候呈现"暖湿化”趋势下,生态建设面临的各种挑战和机遇,同时给出了林业生态建设应对气候暖湿化的措施,以期为西藏生态建设的规划和实施提供借鉴。     

Integrated approach for improving small scale market oriented dairy systems in Pakistan: participatory rural appraisal and economic opportunity survey

Livestock production is an integral part of the rain-fed and irrigated agriculture system in Pakistan. Animal production is closely interlinked with the cropping systems and play a crucial role in the rural economy. Participatory rural appraisals and economic opportunity surveys were conducted in two ecological zones (irrigated and rain-fed) and two dairy production systems (peri-urban and mixed livestock). Major constraints in animal health, nutrition and reproduction were identified and interventions were suggested to overcome these difficulties. The economic opportunity survey revealed that maximum opportunity to enhance farmers’ income is to increase milk production per day per animal, which can be accomplished through coordinated improvements in nutrition, reproduction and genetics.     

泰国水果干出口机遇与挑战

农业在泰国国民经济中占有重要地位,农产品是泰国外汇收入的主要来源之一。近年来,随着人们生活和饮食习惯的改变,水果干市场发展较为迅速,为了提高泰国水果干在国际市场中的竞争力,通过研究泰国水果干国内外市场现状,采用了SWOT分析法,对泰国水果干的优势、劣势、机会与威胁进行分析,提出相关政策建议。