The value of sea urchin,Lytechinus variegatus,egesta consumed by shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

Sea urchins produce high‐energy, membrane‐bound fecal pellets that contain residual nutrients and large quantities of microbiota. These egesta are readily consumed by the shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Egesta of the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus, were evaluated as a feed supplement or total replacement for a commercial shrimp diet. Shrimp were stocked at 0.49 g ± 0.06 g initial body weight and housed individually in 2.8‐L tanks in a commercial recirculating zebrafish system. Shrimp were assigned to one of six diets: commercial shrimp feed, reference sea urchin feed, collected dried sea urchin egesta, collected wet sea urchin egesta, half ration of shrimp feed and half collected wet sea urchin egesta, and egesta naturally produced by two sea urchins in polyculture. Equivalent dry matter amounts of each diet were proffered to shrimp in each treatment twice daily, except for those that had complete access to natural egesta excreted by sea urchins in polyculture. Sea urchins were proffered a reference sea urchin feed at 2% body weight daily. After 27 days, shrimp proffered collected dried or wet egesta did not differ significantly in percent weight gain and showed the lowest weight gain. The percent weight gain of shrimp fed the commercial shrimp diet did not differ significantly from that of the shrimp fed half commercial shrimp diet and half egesta. The highest weight gain was recorded for those shrimp that consumed the untouched egesta produced by sea urchins in polyculture. These data suggest that consumed egesta have noteworthy nutritional value and therefore would be beneficial to the culture of extractive species in an integrated multitrophic aquaculture system.     

含刚性沉水植物明渠水流结构的试验研究

【目的】得到含刚性沉水植物明渠的水流结构。【方法】采用粒子图像测速仪(PIV),用有机玻璃棒模拟刚性植物,在不同来水流量、植物密度条件下对明渠水流结构进行了试验研究。【结果】无植物时平均流速沿垂向呈对数分布规律,有植物时则呈现明显的分区分布特性。无植物时紊动强度值沿垂向变化不大,有植物时在植物顶端位置处紊动最剧烈。流量或植物密度越大,植物顶端位置的流速梯度就越大,植物层上方的流速最大值也越大。植物密度越大,植物顶端位置的紊动强度越大,植物密度对水流紊动强度由最大值减小到最小值的区域影响很大。【结论】刚性沉水植物的存在会改变水流结构,增强紊动掺混,增强流体质点交换和能量传递,且上述影响会随着流量或植物密度的增大而增强。     

开口薄壁结构弯扭屈曲能量原理的有限变形理论分析

The formulas of the total potential energy of arbitrary thin- walled open cross section member counting in the geometric non-linear factors is deduced. The deductions are based on the most general finite deformation theory and the two assumptions that"the     

甘肃河东春季透雨日期与海温的相关分析

利用甘肃河东和宁夏回族自治区中南部1971～2000年67个站的春季第一场透雨日期资料,用EOF和REOF方法对其做了分解,进行了透雨日期的气候分区,分析了春季第一场透雨日期的时空分布特征,并计算了其与北太平洋海温的相关关系。结果表明,北部透雨平均日期与南部透雨平均日期具有相反的趋势,北部最迟在5月下旬,南部最早在4月中旬;20世纪70年代透雨日期偏迟,80年代透雨日期偏早,90年代偏迟。透雨早的年份,春季降水偏多,透雨迟的年份,春季降水偏少;透雨日期与北太平洋海温呈显著的负相关,当北太平洋地区的海温偏高时,甘肃河东春季透雨日期偏早。当北太平洋地区的海温偏低时,甘肃河东春季透雨日期偏迟。     

国土空间详细规划现状底图底数转换方法研究

统一底图底数是编制各类空间规划的重要前提和基础,第三次国土调查数据作为当前权威性最高、现势性最强的国土空间利用现状数据,所采用的工作分类与国土空间规划采用的用地用海分类存在较大差异。本文通过对工作分类和用地用海分类进行衔接分析,提出了基于第三次国土调查数据的国土空间详细规划现状底图底数转换的总体技术思路、关键技术方法。     

绿道在城镇密集区的应用

在分析绿道理论作为线性廊道重组自然空间的基础上,以金堂公园东区为例,提出3种类型绿道的设计途径和方法,包括边缘区绿道、自行车骑游道及游步道,使金堂公园东区形成完善的绿道网络系统.绿道的交通组织、生态、文化、科普、健身、游憩等功能均得到相应体现.     

基于渐进形态学开运算和偏度平衡法的LiDAR数据滤波方法

基于高程的偏度参数统计的LiDAR数据滤波对地形起伏城区滤波适应性不强的弱点,对该方法进行了改进,提出了结合渐进形态学开运算和偏度平衡法的LiDAR数据滤波方法,该方法的原理就是将所有引起高程的突变转换成全由植被、建筑等非地面点引起,而不是由地形高程引起的,这个转换的中间量就是高差,即将高差作为偏度系数的统计对象.并通过实验验证了该方法的合理性,实验结果表明,改进的方法不仅延续了参数统计法无需阈值的优势,而且对城区滤波更具适应性、合理性和稳定性,能够明显地提高滤波精度.     

体育院校大学生参加开放性实验的现状、问题与对策分析 ——以广州体育学院为例

目的：分析探讨开放性实验的现状及存在的问题，旨在提高体育院校开放性实验教学质量，培养综合素质高与专业能力强的有用人才。方法：运用资料分析法对广州体育学院十年来积累的开放性实验教学资料进行研究。结果：（1）开放性实验形成了比较有效的教学模式；（2）历年参加开放性实验的学生人数占当年在校生人数比例非常高；（3）开放性实验科目内容丰富，以验证性实验为主，兼顾综合性和设计性实验；（4）开放性实验教学效果比较满意，教学质量较高。（5）改进开放性实验教学方式、构建独立的实验教学体系等措施可以有效解决体育类大学生参加开放性实验存在的一些问题。结论：体育类大学生参加开放性实验能够有效地巩固所学理论知识，促进专业水平的发展，培养独立分析问题及解决问题的能力。     

Fusarium solani Upregulated Sesquiterpene Synthase Expression,Sesquiterpene Production and Allelopathic Activity in Piper betle L.

Activators of sesquiterpene synthase (STS) gene expression and sesquiterpene production in Piper betle L. were examined using quantitative real time PCR and gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods, and the allelopathic activity of untreated and Fusarium solani-treated betel extracts was tested on seed germination and on the shoot and root growth of Thai rice variety PSL2 (Oryza sativa cv. Phitsanulok 2) and three dominant paddy weeds (Eclipta prostrata, Echinochloa crus-galli and Chloris barbata). The results demonstrated that F. solani dramatically upregulated STS expression and productions of β-cubebene, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D sesquiterpene when compared with the untreated control, and that betel extracts had a greater inhibitory effect on weeds than on rice. The effects were more clearly detected on seed germination and root growth than on shoot growth, and they were found to be dose-dependent. It is also noted that F. solani-treated extract had stronger effects than the untreated extract. The species most sensitive to the allelopathic effects was C. barbata, germination of which was completely inhibited even at a dose of 0.1 mg/mL untreated extract. With regards to rice, although betel extract at 1.0 mg/mL showed no inhibition on germination, it affected the elongation of rice roots, in addition to those of the tested weeds. The obtained data suggested that F. solani has potential as an activator of sesquiterpene allelochemical production via STS expression, the latter leading to the treated betel extract having a stronger phytotoxic effect. These results were beneficial in the promotion of natural herbicide production using biotechnology.