Of mice and men: olfactory neuroblastoma among animals and humans

Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare tumour of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses that arises from the olfactory neuroepithelium and has unpredictable clinical course. As the sense of smell is phylogenetically one of the first senses and olfactory neuroepithelium is evolutionary conserved with striking similarities among different species, we performed an extensive analysis of the literature in order to evaluate the similarities and differences between animals and humans on the clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and molecular level. Our analysis revealed that ONB was reported mainly in mammals and showed striking similarities to human ONB. These observations provide rationale for introduction of therapy modalities used in humans into the veterinary medicine. Animal models of neuroblastoma should be considered for the preclinical studies evaluating novel therapies for ONB.     

Decoding attraction: Improving vine weevil monitoring by exploiting key sensory cues

BACKGROUND

Monitoring is an integral component of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes used to inform crop management decisions. Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), continues to cause economically significant losses in horticultural crops due to an inability to reliably detect the presence of this species before crop damage occurs. To improve vine weevil monitoring we investigated the behavioural responses of adult vine weevils to visual (monitoring tool shade/colour, height and diameter as well as the effect of monitoring tool and plant density) and olfactory (host plant and conspecifics) cues under glasshouse conditions.

RESULTS

Monitoring tool shade, height and diameter all influenced monitoring tool efficacy, with individuals exhibiting a preference for black, tall and wide monitoring tools. The total number of individuals recorded in monitoring tools increased with monitoring tool density. By contrast, plant density did not influence the number of individuals recorded in monitoring tools. Yew-baited monitoring tools retained a larger number of individuals compared to unbaited ones. Similarly, more vine weevils were recorded in monitoring tools baited with yew and conspecifics than in unbaited monitoring tools or those baited with only yew. Baiting monitoring tools with conspecifics alone did not enhance the number of vine weevils recorded in monitoring tools.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study confirms that visual and olfactory cues influence vine weevil behaviour. This provides information on key factors that influence vine weevil monitoring tool efficacy and can be used to inform the development of a new monitoring tool for this pest. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

基于机器视觉的蒜头最大横切面直径分级方法

针对中国蒜头分选率和分选精度较低而影响其商品价值等现状,设计了一套基于机器视觉技术的大蒜蒜头分选系统,以蒜头最大横切面直径作为分级标准,利用VC6.0编程实现上述分级模型的算法。试验选择3 2 0个金乡蒜头样本对其进行测试,该装置对蒜头总体筛选精度达到9 0.9 3 7 5%。试验结果表明:利用机器视觉技术可以对大蒜蒜头进行分级。     

柑橘大实蝇成虫对9种植物提取物的嗅觉反应

为明确对柑橘大实蝇具有引诱或拒避作用的植物精油或挥发物,通过Y形嗅觉仪分别测定柑橘大实蝇雌、雄成虫对橘子精油、橙叶精油、橙花精油、柠檬桉精油、薄荷素精油、栀子花精油、D-柠檬烯、芳樟醇和月桂烯的选择率。结果表明,柑橘大实蝇雄虫倾向于选择橘子精油、橙花精油、D-柠檬烯、柠檬桉精油、栀子花精油,雌虫倾向于选择芳樟醇和柠檬桉精油。柠檬桉精油对柑橘大实蝇雌虫和雄虫均有显著的引诱作用,雌虫对柠檬桉精油的选择率为52.38%,雄虫的选择率也达到了50%。本研究为开发对柑橘大实蝇雌、雄成虫均具有引诱作用的引诱剂提供了一定的理论参考。     

红缘天牛对5种枣树挥发物的嗅觉行为反应

红缘天牛是危害阔叶树的主要钻蛀性害虫之一,为了明确哪一品种枣树的活性部位对红缘天牛有引诱作用。以木枣、狗头枣、赞皇枣、壶瓶枣和骏枣的枣叶、枣枝和枣花为实验材料,利用“Y”型嗅觉仪测定了红缘天牛对5种枣树不同部位的嗅觉行为反应。结果表明：在以空气为对照的条件下,红缘天牛雌雄成虫对木枣枣叶的挥发性气味趋向率分别达到70.00%和69.23%,木枣的枣叶对红缘天牛有引诱作用(P<0.05)。红缘天牛雌、雄成虫对狗头枣枣枝挥发性气味反应最强,趋向率分别达到77.42%和73.68%,狗头枣枣枝对红缘天牛有很强的引诱作用(P<0.01);此外木枣枣枝对红缘天牛雌虫也具有引诱作用(P<0.05)。所有枣树品种的枣花挥发物对红缘天牛既无引诱作用也无忌避作用(P>0.05)。木枣挥发物对红缘天牛成虫具有较好的引诱作用,具有良好的开发和应用前景。     

在重庆市涪陵区后山发展球根花卉产业的适应性研究——以涪陵区大木花谷为例

分析重庆市涪陵区种植球根花卉的优势所在和效益,并提出发展球根花卉产业的方向和困难。     

嗅鞘细胞对无血清培养诱导PC12细胞凋亡的作用

采用无血清培养诱导PC12细胞凋亡,研究嗅鞘细胞(Olfactory ensheathing cells,OECs)对去血清后诱导PC12细胞凋亡中的作用。通过MTT法检测细胞的活性,细胞形态学观察,以及结合流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡率,井对不同组细胞凋亡率进行比较。结果表明：①OECs培养上清对去血清后PC12细胞的存活有明显的促进作用;②从形态学上观察,OECs对去血清诱导PC12细胞凋亡有明显的抑制作用,使得细胞向死亡过渡受阻;②流式细胞对细胞周期分析,去血清诱导后的PC12细胞,大部分细胞滞留在G1期,细胞向S期过渡受阻,造成G1期细胞的堆积,它们所占比例分别为：73．6％,25．9％,0．5％;而OECs联合培养组所占比例：53％,42．3％,4．7％;OECs上清组：42．1％,52．2％,5．7％;正常有血清培养组：45,6％,41．4％,13％。凋亡细胞所占百分比分别为：60．3％,45,6％,37．4％,0．5％。     

球根鸢尾的病毒鉴定及试管脱毒成球技术

对上海地区球根鸢尾进行了病毒病害调查。经检测初步确定球根鸢尾普遍存在鸢尾重花叶病毒、鸢尾轻花叶病毒、水仙潜隐病毒３种病毒的复合侵染。对带毒种球进行茎尖组培脱毒,得出了茎尖诱导成芽、芽成球及小球生根的培养基配方。将组培苗在试管苗、成球苗、移栽苗等不同时期进行病毒检测,结果表明,小于１．０ｍｍ的茎尖诱导的幼苗可脱去上述３种病毒。     

嗅神经母细胞瘤的CT诊断(附9例报告)

目的：探讨嗅神经母细胞瘤的ＣＴ诊断及鉴别诊断。方法：对９例病人进行鼻窦与头部ＣＴ横断扫描和（或）冠状扫描。结果：９例全部累及鼻腔，其中８例侵及筛窦，３例侵及上颌窦，４例侵及眼眶和颅内脑组织。其ＣＴ主要表现为鼻腔上部软组织肿块影，易侵及筛窦、上颌窦甚至眼眶和颅内脑组织，同时伴有侵及部位的骨质破坏。结论：ＣＴ对典型的嗅神经母细胞瘤能作出准确的诊断，对肿瘤的分期也有很大的价值；但对表现不典型者需与其它肿瘤鉴别。