A context for recruitment correlations: why marine fisheries biologists should still look for them

In many cases when ecologists want to investigate a process, they often look for the best system on which to conduct the research, "best" meaning that the possibility of discovering mechanisms is optimized or made easier in some way. In fisheries we do it backwards. The species and system are given to us by economics, and we then fly in the face of the difficult circumstances to find mechanisms that are elusive anyway. These difficult circumstances constitute in some sense the first set of statistical problems. Using examples from the Northeast Pacific, I review the characteristics of cohort time series that make some species more tractable; propose a conscious process of conceptualization to assist in the formulation of clear, germane hypotheses; highlight the contrast between modeling in the sense of statistical fitting versus simulation models of processes; explore how the first round of models integrates with the second round of planning for new data collection at sea and in the lab; and, finally, propose how to judge success in terms of an operational approach.     

加速广义Laguerre多项式级数的Laplace变换的数值反演方法

本文利用Levin t-变换迭代法，对加速广义Laguerre多项式级数，提出了一种新的Laplace变换的数值反演方法，这种方法在精度上和数值稳定性上的效果都较好。     

Evaluation of two N cycle models for the prediction of N mineralization from grassland soils in the UK

Abstract. The ability of two nitrogen cycle models, of contrasting complexity, to predict N mineralization from a range of grassland soils in the UK, was evaluated. These were NCYCLE, a simple mass balance model of the N cycle in UK grasslands, and CENTURY, a more complex model simulating long-term C, N, P & S dynamics in grassland ecosystems. The models were tested using field measurements of net N mineralization from a range of grassland soils (differing in soil type, history & management practice), obtained over a 2 year period using a soil core incubation technique. This method was considered to measure the total net release of mineral N from the soil organic matter over a specified time, including N which may have been recycled several times. NCYCLE consistently under-estimated mineralization rates at all sites. By contrast, there was some correlation between CENTURY predictions of net N mineralization and field measurements. This may have reflected the different abilities of the two models to simulate N recycling. Neither model, however, was able to predict adequately the effect of cultivation and reseeding on net N mineralization.     

刺槐单株生物量动态研究

本文依据420株刺槐生物量及23株树干解析资料,应用灰色Verhulst模型,对太行山坡地刺槐林单株干、枝、叶、根生物量动态进行了研究,分别建立了预测模型,预测了各器官生长的速生期和停止生长林龄,为实现刺槐林的多目标经营提供决策依据。     

继电保护用电流互感器的暂态特性数字仿真及电磁优化设计

本文在分析CT的暂态特性及其动态磁化过程的基础上,建立了计及铁芯饱和、局部磁滞回环、动态剩磁影响的CT单、复励磁暂态过程数字仿真模型,提出了继电保护用P、TPX、TPY、TPz级CT的电磁优化设计方法,编制了计算机程序,用于CT的电磁优化设计及数字仿真分析.     

贻贝浮筏养殖设施水动力效应及附生海藻碎屑输运的数值模拟

基于三维海洋数值模式(estuarine coastal ocean model, semi-implicit, Ecom-si)对枸杞岛邻近贻贝养殖海域的水动力进行了数值模拟研究。通过在模型动量方程中添加动量损耗项,实现了对贻贝浮筏养殖设施阻流效应的模拟,采用实测数据对模型进行了潮位及流速的验证。利用验证良好的数值模型模拟了潮流驱动下养殖设施附生海藻碎屑漂移及沉降。结果表明,贻贝养殖设施及养殖贝串在海表的阻流效应使表层流速降低了约80%,中、下层流速分别降低了约50%和30%,在养殖海域外围因过流面的减小使得养殖场外围的流速有所增大。应用拉格朗日质点追踪模块模拟的结果表明,当碎屑质点处于悬浮状态即质点沉降速率(w)为0 m/s时,质点需要约600 h才能达到36.79%(e^-1)的沉底率;且无阻流效应时,沉底质点的分布在距养殖区中心9.0～10.5 km的区域内,有阻流效应时,质点的沉底范围分布在距养殖区中心7.5～8.5 km的区域内。当w大于0 m/s时,3种碎屑沉降速度的结果差异不大,大约在80 h内质点的沉底率达到99%,无阻流效应时质点沉降区域为距养殖...     

旋流泵的流动规律

对80X-13.5型旋流泵进行了数值模拟计算,泵内部流动区域选用Pro/E造型,用Gambit软件采用分块非结构六面体网格划分方法对模型进行网格划分及部分边界条件的设定,运用雷诺平均N-S方程和标准k-ε双方程湍流模型结合SIMPLEC算法,来数值模拟旋流泵内部三维不可压湍流场.数值模拟计算选取工作介质为清水,并认为是牛顿流体且局部各向同性;认为旋流泵的内部流场是以定常角速度绕固定轴的旋转流场,属于复杂的三维不可压湍流流动.数值模拟得出了旋流泵内的速度和全压分布图,并试分析出了旋流泵的内部流动区域分布.分析认为,周向流动是旋流泵内部的主体流动趋势,旋流泵内部流动状态可归结为贯通流和循环流.数值模拟的结果验证了已有流动模型的正确性,并且在数值模拟基础上重新划分的流动区域可以反映清水条件下80X-13.5型旋流泵的内部流动情况,可为此种泵型旋流泵的设计提供参考.     

内蒙孪井灌区地下水补给及水资源优化配置研究

系统分析了内蒙孪井灌区的水文地质条件和包气带水文地质特征,对地下潜水深埋区降雨(灌溉)入渗补给的滞后性进行了分析,估算出了孪井灌区降雨(灌溉)入渗补给的滞后时间;建立水资源优化配置模型,利用GAMS软件优化种植结构,减小整个灌区的灌溉入渗量;最后利用VisualMODFLOW软件预报了现状灌溉和优化灌溉条件下的地下水水位。研究表明:深厚包气带对降雨(灌溉)入渗补给具有明显的滞后分配作用,孪井灌区岩性下的入渗补给滞后时间约为240-360d;实行水资源优化配置后,由于灌溉入渗量减小,水位上升幅度明显减小,减缓了土壤盐渍化的发展进度,但是仍然存在土壤次生盐渍化问题,必须改变现行灌水方式或者采取适宜工程措施加以防治。     

玉米秸秆切割过程的非线性数值模拟与仿真试验

应用Solidworks软件建立玉米秸秆—切割刀片参数化模型,借助LS-DYNA971非线性有限元软件模拟切割刀片切割玉米秸秆的过程。玉米秸秆切割的有限元数值模拟能降低试验成本和缩短试验时间,可视化数值模拟过程可为玉米秸秆收获机械的设计提供理论参考。利用参数化模型特点,通过改变玉米秸秆直径大小、秸秆含水率、切割方式和刀片刀端线速度进行正交仿真试验。结果表明：对切割力来说,含水率对其影响最显著,其它影响依次为：秸秆直径、切割方式、刀片刀端线速度;对切割功耗来说,含水率影响最显著,其次分别为：秸秆直径、刀片刀端线速度、切割方式。经正交综合平衡法分析可知：当刀片刀端线速度为28 m·s^-1,采取滑切方式,玉米秸秆含水率、直径分别为45%、26 mm时为最优。玉米秸秆—切割刀片动力学可视化数值模拟仿真模型的构建和分析, 对玉米秸秆收获机械设计具有重要的参考价值。