橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼和荷那龙罗非鱼的染色体核型分析

采用体腔注射PHA-空气干燥法对橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)和荷那龙罗非鱼(O.hornorum)染色体数量、形态和核型进行了分析和比较。结果显示:两种罗非鱼的二倍体染色体数目均为2n=44,都具有1对特大的染色体,未发现中部着丝粒染色体对和异型染色体。两种罗非鱼的染色体组型形态基本相似,它们的核型公式为2n=44,6sm+24st+14t,NF=50,用常规染色体染色的方法难以区分。研究结果表明,这两种罗非鱼的常规核型差异不显著,在分类地位上非常接近。     

Enhancing Growth of Common Carp, Rohu and Mozambique Tilapia through Plant Substrate: The Role of Bacterial Biofilm

Experiments were conducted to enhance the growth of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) through use of sugarcane bagasse as substrate. Bagasse was suspended in water with or without supplementation with fertilizers. Bagasse supplemented with cattle dung and urea favoured higher zooplankton production and significantly (p < 0.05) increased fish growth by over 50% compared to bagasse or fertilizers on their own. This higher production of fish is attributed to bacterial biofilm promoted on the substrate which, apart from forming food for zooplankton and fish, contributed to improved water quality by lowering ammonia.     

Aflatoxin B1 induced alterations in the stability of the lysosomal membrane in Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852)

This article elucidates the effect of crude dietary aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) on the stability of the lysosomal membrane in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), and the analysis was made at the biochemical and cellular level. The liver lysosomal acid phosphatase activity was used to evaluate the functional integrity of the lysosome. Three experimental groups were fed on diets containing 0.375, 2.5 and 6 mg kg^?1 of AFB₁ for a time period of 6 weeks, whereas a fourth group fed on the semi‐purified diet formed the control. Significant changes were observed in the stability of the lysosomal membrane in aflatoxin exposed groups. This is the first report, so far, of changes induced by AFB₁ on the stability of lysosomal membrane in tilapia (O. mossambicus).     

两种罗非鱼主要生物学性状及杂交F_1代生长性能的研究

测量了荷那龙罗非鱼(O.hornorum)和橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼(O.mossambicus)的主要生物学性状。结果得出:①2种罗非鱼通过外形能够清楚区分,荷那龙罗非鱼体色暗黑,有纵纹,体型呈纺锤型;莫桑比克罗非鱼体色橙色,无纵纹,体型呈长梭型。②2种罗非鱼最小性成熟年龄均为6个月,最小体长荷那龙罗非鱼为8·64cm,莫桑比克罗非鱼为6·60cm,绝对繁殖力前者为810粒,后者为702。③水温16~32℃时,荷那龙罗非鱼(体重10·40~116·28g)耗氧率在0·07~0·61mg/(g·h)之间,橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼(体重18·98~102·53g)耗氧率范围是0·06~0·43mg/(g·h)。水温24℃时,前者溶氧临界窒息点是0·33~0·55mg/L,后者是0·24~0·31mg/L。④两罗非鱼均属于耐盐性较强的鱼类,荷那龙罗非鱼的MLS-96(96h半致死盐度)为21·56,莫桑比克罗非鱼为22·29。⑤荷那龙罗非鱼的低温致死范围是9·5~15·1℃,莫桑比克罗非鱼的低温致死范围为8·0~9·9℃。前者对低温的耐受较差。⑥两罗非鱼的杂交F1代,雄性率高,养殖性能较好,具有推广价值。     

Adaptive changes in the patterns of carbohydrate metabolites in blood,liver, muscle and heart tissues of Sarotherodon mossambicus (Peters) exposed to the carbamate fungicide ziram

Adaptive changes in the levels of carbohydrate metabolites, glucose, glycogen and lactic acid, were studied in a freshwater edible fish, Sarotherodon mossambicus exposed to a carbamate fungicide, ziram. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the fish showed (i) adaptive utilization of stored glycogen, particularly in liver tissue; (ii) adaptive accumulation of glycogen in muscle and heart tissues, probably by glyconeogenesis and (iii) adaptive mechanism of operation of ‘diving syndrome’, to meet the stress of the pollutant under sub-lethal exposure. © 1998 SCI.     

罗非鱼无乳链球菌巢式PCR检测方法的建立

根据无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)cfb基因序列,设计、合成2对引物,优化扩增条件,建立了快速高灵敏度鉴别无乳链球菌的巢式PCR方法。结果显示:使用该方法对罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)血液样品进行检测,可检测到活菌浓度为8.7×104CFU/m L的无乳链球菌。对采自广西地区受无乳链球菌感染的19份罗非鱼样品进行检测,18份可获得目的片段,扩增到的序列均为无乳链球菌cfb基因序列,检测准确度达到94.7%。     

YY型莫桑比克罗非鱼雌性转化后测交筛选的研究

采用与ＹＹ型雄鱼测交的方法，从１９７尾转化雌鱼中初步选出１５尾ＹＹ型雄鱼，其中３尾鱼的Ｆ１雄性率为１００％，１０尾鱼的Ｆ１雄性率为９０．６％－９８．４％。对３尾初选ＹＹ型雄鱼进行重复验证，其中２尾鱼的Ｆ１中，ＹＹ型雄性比率分别是４５．８％和４８．１％，Ｘ＾２检验符合５０％ＹＹ型雄鱼的理论比值；另１尾ＹＹ型雌鱼又与ＹＹ型雄鱼交配，Ｆ１中ＹＹ型雄鱼为１００％。３尾母本均再次被证实为ＹＹ型雌鱼。雌性转化     

Genetic variation inferred from RAPD fingerprinting in three species of tilapia

This study used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting for estimating genetic variation and species differentiation in three species of tilapia. A 16-mer random primer generated RAPD markers ranging from 250 to 2400 base pairs (bp). Genetic similarity estimates obtained by pairwise comparisons based on the method of Nei and Li (1979) indicated high genetic similarity (mean genetic similarity (± sd), 0.73 (± 0.15) for Nile tilapia; 0.78 (± 0.12) for Mozambique tilapia; and 0.87 (± 0.07) for Aureus tilapia) within each of the tilapia species. The average interspecies genetic similarities obtained among the three species were 0.59 (± 0.07) for Mozambique/Nile tilapia, 0.46 (± 0.09) for Aureus/Nile tilapia and 0.38 (± 0.07) for Aureus/Mozambique tilapia pair. DNA profiles generated in each species of tilapia were unique. A total of 13 RAPD markers differentiating the three species of tilapia were detected. Our study presented RAPD markers as a new class of useful genetic markers for assessment of genetic diversity and species differentiation in tilapia.