Enhancing Growth of Common Carp, Rohu and Mozambique Tilapia through Plant Substrate: The Role of Bacterial Biofilm

Experiments were conducted to enhance the growth of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) through use of sugarcane bagasse as substrate. Bagasse was suspended in water with or without supplementation with fertilizers. Bagasse supplemented with cattle dung and urea favoured higher zooplankton production and significantly (p < 0.05) increased fish growth by over 50% compared to bagasse or fertilizers on their own. This higher production of fish is attributed to bacterial biofilm promoted on the substrate which, apart from forming food for zooplankton and fish, contributed to improved water quality by lowering ammonia.     

Aflatoxin B1 induced alterations in the stability of the lysosomal membrane in Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852)

This article elucidates the effect of crude dietary aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) on the stability of the lysosomal membrane in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), and the analysis was made at the biochemical and cellular level. The liver lysosomal acid phosphatase activity was used to evaluate the functional integrity of the lysosome. Three experimental groups were fed on diets containing 0.375, 2.5 and 6 mg kg^?1 of AFB₁ for a time period of 6 weeks, whereas a fourth group fed on the semi‐purified diet formed the control. Significant changes were observed in the stability of the lysosomal membrane in aflatoxin exposed groups. This is the first report, so far, of changes induced by AFB₁ on the stability of lysosomal membrane in tilapia (O. mossambicus).     

两种罗非鱼主要生物学性状及杂交F1代生长性能的研究

测量了荷那龙罗非鱼(O.hornorum)和橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼(O.mossambicus)的主要生物学性状。结果得出:①2种罗非鱼通过外形能够清楚区分,荷那龙罗非鱼体色暗黑,有纵纹,体型呈纺锤型;莫桑比克罗非鱼体色橙色,无纵纹,体型呈长梭型。②2种罗非鱼最小性成熟年龄均为6个月,最小体长荷那龙罗非鱼为8·64cm,莫桑比克罗非鱼为6·60cm,绝对繁殖力前者为810粒,后者为702。③水温16~32℃时,荷那龙罗非鱼(体重10·40~116·28g)耗氧率在0·07~0·61mg/(g·h)之间,橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼(体重18·98~102·53g)耗氧率范围是0·06~0·43mg/(g·h)。水温24℃时,前者溶氧临界窒息点是0·33~0·55mg/L,后者是0·24~0·31mg/L。④两罗非鱼均属于耐盐性较强的鱼类,荷那龙罗非鱼的MLS-96(96h半致死盐度)为21·56,莫桑比克罗非鱼为22·29。⑤荷那龙罗非鱼的低温致死范围是9·5~15·1℃,莫桑比克罗非鱼的低温致死范围为8·0~9·9℃。前者对低温的耐受较差。⑥两罗非鱼的杂交F1代,雄性率高,养殖性能较好,具有推广价值。     

橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼和荷那龙罗非鱼的染色体核型分析

采用体腔注射PHA-空气干燥法对橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)和荷那龙罗非鱼(O.hornorum)染色体数量、形态和核型进行了分析和比较。结果显示:两种罗非鱼的二倍体染色体数目均为2n=44,都具有1对特大的染色体,未发现中部着丝粒染色体对和异型染色体。两种罗非鱼的染色体组型形态基本相似,它们的核型公式为2n=44,6sm+24st+14t,NF=50,用常规染色体染色的方法难以区分。研究结果表明,这两种罗非鱼的常规核型差异不显著,在分类地位上非常接近。     

Adaptive changes in the patterns of carbohydrate metabolites in blood,liver, muscle and heart tissues of Sarotherodon mossambicus (Peters) exposed to the carbamate fungicide ziram

Adaptive changes in the levels of carbohydrate metabolites, glucose, glycogen and lactic acid, were studied in a freshwater edible fish, Sarotherodon mossambicus exposed to a carbamate fungicide, ziram. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the fish showed (i) adaptive utilization of stored glycogen, particularly in liver tissue; (ii) adaptive accumulation of glycogen in muscle and heart tissues, probably by glyconeogenesis and (iii) adaptive mechanism of operation of ‘diving syndrome’, to meet the stress of the pollutant under sub-lethal exposure. © 1998 SCI.     

Genetic variation inferred from RAPD fingerprinting in three species of tilapia

This study used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting for estimating genetic variation and species differentiation in three species of tilapia. A 16-mer random primer generated RAPD markers ranging from 250 to 2400 base pairs (bp). Genetic similarity estimates obtained by pairwise comparisons based on the method of Nei and Li (1979) indicated high genetic similarity (mean genetic similarity (± sd), 0.73 (± 0.15) for Nile tilapia; 0.78 (± 0.12) for Mozambique tilapia; and 0.87 (± 0.07) for Aureus tilapia) within each of the tilapia species. The average interspecies genetic similarities obtained among the three species were 0.59 (± 0.07) for Mozambique/Nile tilapia, 0.46 (± 0.09) for Aureus/Nile tilapia and 0.38 (± 0.07) for Aureus/Mozambique tilapia pair. DNA profiles generated in each species of tilapia were unique. A total of 13 RAPD markers differentiating the three species of tilapia were detected. Our study presented RAPD markers as a new class of useful genetic markers for assessment of genetic diversity and species differentiation in tilapia.     

莫桑比克罗非鱼和荷那龙罗非鱼耐盐性的初步研究

用人工配制的6个盐度咸水(0、15、25、30、35、40),对莫桑比克罗非鱼和荷那龙罗非鱼耐盐性进行了初步研究。结果表明:在几种耐盐指标中,莫桑比克罗非鱼和荷那龙罗非鱼的96小时半致死盐度分别为22．29和21．56;在除盐度为40外的其它各盐度梯度中,莫桑比克罗非鱼的50％成活时间和平均成活时间均高于荷那龙罗非鱼,但差异不显著 (p>0．01)。在对2种罗非鱼的盐度驯化过程中,各个驯化盐度梯度下,莫桑比克罗非鱼的死亡率均小于荷那龙罗非鱼的死亡率。     

Sensitivity of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) to Clostridium botulinum toxins

The sensitivity of Oreochromis mossambicus to Clostridium botulinum toxin types A–E was investigated. All five toxin types were toxic to O. mossambicus. In the case of toxin types A–D, O. mossambicus was considerably more resistant than mice and, in the case of type E toxin, fish were more sensitive. The minimum intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of type E toxin for fish was half the minimum lethal dose for mice. The results of the study suggest that good hygiene should be maintained in fish/shrimp farms to keep contamination at a low level.     

莫桑比克罗非鱼ghrelin 受体基因的特性及ghrelin受体和ghrelin mRNA组织表达

[目的]了解莫桑比克罗非鱼ghrelin/GHSR系统的生理功能。[方法]采用RT-PCR和RACE技术分离莫桑比克罗非鱼2个GH-SR全长cDNA序列,并用荧光定量PCR方法检测了莫桑比克罗非鱼ghrelin基因及其受体GHSR-1a mRNA水平的组织表达,以及饥饿对这2个基因表达的影响。[结果]获得了莫桑比克罗非鱼2个GHSR cDNA全序列（GHSR-1a、GHSR-1b）。GHSR-1a序列全长1 627bp,编码384个氨基酸,具有7个跨膜结构域结构;GHSR-1b序列全长1 858 bp,编码298个氨基酸,只具有前5个TM,在第6个TM的第4个氨基酸处开始缺失。正常生理条件下,2基因在所检测组织中均有表达,但存在明显的组织差异。ghrelin主要由胃中分泌,除性腺外,雌鱼所有被检测组织的表达量均高于雄鱼的表达量,以肌肉中ghrelin基因的表达差异最大,雌鱼是雄鱼的30.4倍。莫桑比克罗非鱼GHSR-1a基因在垂体、肝脏、心脏中表达量较高,且被检测组织中雄鱼的表达量均高于雌鱼的表达量,其中鳃组织的表达差异最大,雄鱼是雌鱼的36.3倍。饥饿28 d后莫桑比克罗非鱼胃中ghrelin基因表达增加,雄鱼ghrelin基因分泌量增加了3.7倍,雌鱼增加了2.6倍;雌雄个体垂体中GHSR-1a的分泌量均略有下降。[结论]ghrelin/GHSR-1a系统可能具有调节莫桑比克罗非鱼能量平衡的作用。