褪黑素对秦艽原生质体抗UV-B环境胁迫的作用

为探讨褪黑素对UV-B辐射后的秦艽原生质体的影响,本研究采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测秦艽原生质体DNA损伤程度,选取尾部DNA含量(TailDNA％)作为DNA损伤程度的分析指标.MEL以0、1、10 μmol·L-1的终浓度加入原生质体悬液中,UV-B辐射处理的辐照度为0,5 W·m-2.试验分2组:1)原生质体分别用UV-B辐射处理不同的时间(0、5、10、30、60、120 s),暗培养60 min后电泳.2)原生质体被UV-B照射40 s后,分别暗培养不同时间(0、1、2、3、4、6h),再电泳.结果显示在5～30 s的时间内,辐射时间越长,Tail DNA％越高,相同的辐射时间下,MEL浓度越高,TailDNA％越低;在1～6 h培养时间内,MEL处理的样品,TailDNA％值均低于阳性对照组,并且TailDNA％值的大小与所处理的MEL的浓度呈反比关系.由此可见褪黑素降低了UV-B辐射诱导的植物原生质体DNA损伤程度,促进DNA损伤的修复.本试验应用SCGE技术,进一步揭示了MEL在植物抗环境胁迫中所起到的促进作用.     

The effect of photoperiod and melatonin on plasma prolactin concentrations in female guanaco (Lama guanicoe) in captivity

The present study examined the effects of different photoperiods and melatonin treatment on plasma prolactin concentrations in guanacos, a South American camelid, in captivity. Fourteen adult female guanacos, not gestating or lactating and isolated from males, were studied. The control group was exposed to natural daylight, during short days (N = 7, 10L:14D) and long days (N = 7, 16L:8D). The treatment group (N = 7, 10L:14D) received melatonin implants every 23 days for 6 weeks during long days. Blood samples were taken at intervals of 1 week for 3 weeks, starting the third week of treatment. Prolactin concentrations were measured using competitive ELISA. Plasma concentrations of prolactin in non-lactating female guanacos have seasonal changes, with a higher concentration (p < .001) in short days (3.50 ± 2.24 ng/ml) than long days (1.10 ± 0.91 ng/ml). Melatonin treatment significantly decreases (p < .05) plasma concentrations of prolactin on the 21st day after the treatment. These findings are the first report of an endogenous circannual rhythm of plasma prolactin concentration and the action of melatonin treatment on prolactin secretion in this wild camelid.     

外源褪黑素对‘红地球’葡萄采后贮藏品质的影响

研究不同浓度的外源褪黑素对‘红地球’葡萄采后品质的影响,为葡萄保鲜技术提供一定的数据支撑和理论依据。以‘红地球’葡萄品种为试验材料,采用不同浓度0μmol/L（ck）、50μmol/L（T1）、100μmol/L（T2）、200μmol/L（T3）、400μmol/L（T4）的外源褪黑素浸泡‘红地球’葡萄果实0.5 h,常温贮藏,测定果实的失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、Vc、PPO、POD、MDA等指标的变化。结果表明,贮藏到第16 d时,ck组霉变严重,失重率达到35.4%,而外源褪黑素处理组均只有轻微霉点,失重率为23.8%~33.2%,且可溶性糖、MDA、PPO、POD含量均显著低于ck组;果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、Vc等含量均显著高于ck组。说明外源褪黑素延缓‘红地球’葡萄在贮藏过程中因氧化而引起的果实霉变,维持葡萄果实储藏期间的品质,保持果实良好的口感,其中,以浓度为100 μmol/L的外源褪黑素贮藏保鲜效果最佳。     

Exogenous application of melatonin improves plant resistance to virus infection

In this study, melatonin (MEL)-mediated plant resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was examined to study local infection in Nicotiana glutinosa and systemic infection in Solanum lycopersicum. Exogenous application of 100 µm MEL increased anti-virus infection activity to 37.4% in virus-infected N. glutinosa plants. The same treatment significantly reduced relative levels of virus RNA analysed by qRT-PCR and virus titres measured by dot-ELISA, and increased the relative expression levels of the PR1 and PR5 genes analysed by qRT-PCR, in virus-infected S. lycopersicum. MEL treatment induced considerable accumulations of salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) but did not significantly affect production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in the virus-infected S. lycopersicum plants. Transgenic nahG N. tabacum was used to determine whether MEL-induced TMV resistance was dependent on the SA pathway. The results showed that the relative RNA level of the TMV analysed by qRT-PCR and virus titres analysed by dot-ELISA were not reduced by the MEL treatment in the nahG transgenic N. tabacum seedlings treated twice with 100 µm MEL. The increased relative expression levels of PR1 and PR5 were greatly reduced when cPTIO, an NO scavenger, was included in the MEL treatment. A working model of MEL-mediated plant resistance to TMV is proposed. MEL-mediated plant resistance to viruses provides a new avenue to control plant viral diseases.     

Diurnal variations in hypothalamic monoamine levels in the teleostChanna punctatus (bloch) in response to melatonin under two photothermal conditions

Hypothalamic dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels exhibited marked day-night variations under ambient photoperiod and temperature (12L12D; 17±1°C) with peak values at mid-light phase. The 16L8D; 22±1°C treatment reversed the diurnal rhythm of 5-HT, but not that of DA and NA. However, there was an overall increase in the levels of the catecholamines on exposure to the long photoperiod and high temperature. The administration of melatonin in the fish held on 16L8D; 22±1°C regime restored the 5-HT rhythm to that of the 12L12D; 17±1°C control group, but with elevated mid-photophase value. However, there was no effect of the indole treatment on the 5-HT rhythm under the 12L12D; 17±1°C regime. Melatonin causes a significant reduction of NA level in both the groups, while DA level did not change in either group.     

环境因子对黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平的影响

研究光周期和水温这 2种重要的环境因子对黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平的影响。结果表明 :1)连续光照可导致黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平的昼夜节律消失 ;连续黑暗环境中黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平仍保持昼夜节律性 ,但波动幅度变窄 ;光暗颠倒导致黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平出现 180度移位。从而说明黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平的相位变化基本能反映出光周期的时程改变。 2 )在一定的温度范围 (15～ 2 1℃ )内 ,黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平保持相对稳定 ;高温 (31℃ )则刺激黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平显著升高 (P <0 .0 0 1)。由此可见 ,黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平受到环境光周期与水温的协同调节。温度相关性的幅度变化协同光周期依赖性的时相变化 ,可能是调节褪黑激素发挥生殖调节作用的 2种重要方式。     

外源褪黑素对生菜根系生长及内源褪黑素含量的影响

以'韩育'奶油生菜为试材,以清水和乙醇溶液为对照,设置了6个不同的褪黑素浓度(0.01、0.10、1.00、10.00、50.00、100.00μmol·L^-1),研究了根施不同浓度褪黑素溶液对生菜幼苗种子萌发阶段侧根发育、生菜幼苗根系形态、干鲜质量的影响,进一步筛选出最适外源褪黑素浓度(M1)对生菜叶片与根系内源褪黑素含量的影响,以期为褪黑素对植物生长发育的调控作用提供参考依据。结果表明:与对照相比,1.00μmol·L^-1褪黑素处理显著提高了生菜种子萌发阶段侧根数目及生菜幼苗根系的侧根数目和根系的平均直径,降低了根系长度,扩大了根系总表面积。同时,施加褪黑素提高了生菜幼苗的干鲜质量,且该处理下生菜中的褪黑素含量与对照相比提高了9倍。     

ELISA法测定番茄茎叶中的褪黑素含量

为了研究植物内源褪黑素与植物抗性的关系,以4叶1心的番茄幼苗为试验材料,采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法测定正常番茄、鱼腥草提取液和灰霉菌侵染后的番茄茎叶中的褪黑素含量。结果表明:番茄叶片和茎的褪黑素含量分别为14.53、2.80 ng/g,二者之间差异极显著,叶片的褪黑素含量是茎的5.19倍;经鱼腥草提取液预处理和灰霉菌侵染后,番茄叶片的褪黑素含量显著增加,鱼腥草提取液预处理有助于减轻番茄叶片上的灰霉病发病症状,但并不依赖于叶片内源褪黑素含量的增加。可以检出的番茄茎叶中的褪黑素含量高于2.60 ng/g,就灵敏度而言,ELISA法完全可以用来检测番茄的组织器官的褪黑素含量。     

绵羊MTNR1a基因mRNA表达量的季节性差异

本试验分别于春分、夏至、秋分和冬至4个节气,随机选择体况良好体重相近的蒙古羊8只,外科手术取下丘脑、垂体组织样品,采用RT-PCR方法对其褪黑素受体MTNR1a基因表达进行半定量分析.结果表明:绵羊MTNR1a基因表达存在明显的季节性节律,下丘脑MTNR1a基因表达量在夏至时最低,秋分时最高,春冬季节相近;垂体MTNR1a基因表达量在秋分时最低,夏至时最高,春冬季节也相近.     

水貂品种、性别、年龄及外源褪黑激素与食毛症发病率相关分析

对大连水貂场5个品种水貂食毛症发病情况进行统计,分析不同品种、性别、年龄及埋植外源褪黑激素等因素与水貂食毛症发病率的相关性,以探讨水貂食毛症的病因及其影响因素.结果表明,金州黑、咖啡、银蓝、红眼白、美国短毛黑5个品种种间差异对食毛症的发病率影响显著(P＜0.05),其中咖啡水貂发病率最高为12.61%;性别对食毛症发病...