泥鳅的生物学特性及养殖技术

泥鳅是一种生产潜力大、很有发展前途的养殖品种,国内外市场的需求量较大.主要阐述了泥鳅的生物学特性及人工养殖技术.     

硫酸铜对泥鳅精子活力的影响

以泥鳅精子为受试材料,应用计算机辅助精子分析系统,研究硫酸铜(0.1、1、10 mg/L)对泥鳅的精子活力的影响.结果表明,在0 h试验组,0.1 mg/L的硫酸铜明显降低泥鳅精子运动速度,1 mg/L的硫酸铜对运动时间和速度产生显著抑制作用,10 mg/L的硫酸铜时运动百分数、运动时间和速度都产生明显影响(P<0.0...     

Apparent digestibility coefficients of selected protein feed ingredients for loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, lipid and energy, and amino acids availability in white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal, fermented soybean meal, soybean meal and rapeseed meal were determined for loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) (12.05 ± 0.21 g), using a reference diet with 5 g kg^?1 chromic oxide and test diets that contained 700 g kg^?1 reference diet, by weight, and 300 g kg^?1 of the test feed ingredients. The juvenile loach was held in 300‐l tanks at a density of 30 fish per tank. White fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal and fermented soybean meal had highest apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy among ingredients tested, ranged from 50.4% to 60.9% for dry matter, from 64.6% to 88.4% for crude protein and from 57.9% to 79.0% for gross energy. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter ranged from 61.0% to 66.9% for animal products and 50.4% to 60.7% for plant products. For crude protein, apparent digestibility coefficients of protein exceeding 80% were observed for white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal and fermented soybean meal, and the apparent digestibility coefficients of protein in rapeseed meal were the lowest among all the treatments. Lipids from both animal and plant feedstuffs were poorly digested by loach, ranging from 64.0% to 77.6%. The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy were similar to those of dry matter and protein, and the highest and lowest ADCs of energy were found in WFM and RM, respectively. The loach used dietary phosphorus from the animal feedstuffs more efficiently than from plant feedstuffs (soybean meal and rapeseed meal), with ADC‐values ranging from 42.3% to 53.1% and from 25.1% to 32.7%, respectively. For the animal products, the availabilities of amino acids in white fish meal and brown fish meal were higher than that in meat meal, expect for Met, Asp, Pro, Gly, and Cys. Among all the plant products, the availabilities of amino acids in fermented soybean meal were higher than in soybean meal and rapeseed meal, and thus had a greater potential to be used as a dietary replacement of fish meal in loach diets.     

四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅营养成分分析

利用常规肌肉营养分析方法测定了四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的肌肉营养成分。结果表明：四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅肌肉中（鲜重）蛋白质含量分别为18．68％、18．69％和18．20％;脂肪含量分别为0．796％、0．106％和1．203％;水分含量分别为79．81％、79．52％和78．40％;灰分含量分别为0．951％、1．188％和1．162％。三种泥鳅肌肉中都含有常见的17种氨基酸,其中包括9种人体必需氨基酸;氨基酸总量（占鲜重）分别为17．57％、18．11％和17．47％;必需氨基酸总量分别为7．84％、7．98％和7．76％;必需氨基酸的构成比例符合FAO／WHO的标准。鲜味氨基酸含量分别为6．98％、7．33％和6．95％。经比较分析,四倍体泥鳅和二倍体泥鳅肌肉中蛋白质含量、17种氨基酸含量、氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量均很接近,但都明显高于大鳞副泥鳅。     

泥鳅养殖技术研究进展

综述了泥鳅养殖技术的研究现状,着重对国内各种养殖方法进行了收集整理,以期为深入研究泥鳅的养殖技术提供参考。     

The influence of instream cover and predation risk on microhabitat selection of stone loach Barbatula barbatula (L.)

Abstract— The microhabitat selection of stone loach ( Barbatula barbatula ) in relation to instream cover and predation risk was investigated in artificial streams. In one experiment, stone loach were presented different combinations of shelter structures, two at a time, that provided visual isolation, flow refuge, both, or none. In all cases, visual isolation shelters were selected by the fish, with little use of clear shelters and no apparent selection of flow refuges. In a second experiment, diel activity patterns and habitat selection of stone loach were measured when visual isolation structures were placed in the riffle only, pool only, both riffle and pool or in no habitat. Stone loach were marked with passive integrated transponder tags and a sensor plate was placed between the riffle and pool habitats to measure diel activity patterns. Habitat use was measured by releasing drop gates between the two habitats at the end of each trial. More stone loach used the pool than the riffle in all treatments, but use of the riffle increased when cover was present only there. Furthermore, stone loach were most active between 2100 and 0300. To determine the effect of predation threat on habitat use by stone loach, one adult brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) was added to each pool. The presence of trout caused stone loach to move into the riffle, especially the smaller loach. Overall, the study showed that stone loach used cover in a visual isolation context, preferring deeper water when there was no predation risk, but made more use of shallower water in the presence of brown trout.     

Characterization of the pattern of cytokeratin proteins in the epidermal cells of loach,Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cyprinformes)

The pattern of cytokeratin proteins in the epidermal cells of loach was studied by immunotechniques and partial separation of the epidermal cells. Two monoclonal antibodies, namely 8F7 and 1C45, against the cytokeratin proteins of the loach epidermis were prepared. these two monoclonal antibodies exhibit distinctive results in immunohistochemical staining. The 8F7 monoclonal antibody stains mainly with the epithelial cells, while the 1C45 monoclonal antibody stains specifically with the club cells. The pattern of cytokeratin proteins in the club cells and the epithelial cells of various epidermal layers was further determined by partial separation of these cells. Immunoblotting analysis of the cell fractions confirms the cytokeratin proteins to be differentially expressed in the club cells and the epithelial cells. However, the cytokeratin proteins expressed in the epithelial cells of the basal, middle and outer layers are same. The results indicate that differentiation of the epithelial cells seems limited during their translocation from basal to upper layers, but in those cells that do differentiate into club cells, the cytokeratin pattern changes.     

调味泥鳅脯生产工艺的探讨

以鲜活泥鳅为试材，经带骨、去骨、不同预煮、添加不同粘结剂等处理后，研制了一种新型泥鳅糜干制品──调味泥鳅脯。结果表明，带骨原料经姜煮后，以豆粉作为粘结剂，其产品中钙、蛋白质含量最高，感官质量较好。     

黑龙江与广州颚口线虫幼虫分离株的形态学观察及其分子鉴定

本研究从来自黑龙江及广州地区的泥鳅中分离到10条颚口线虫幼虫,采用光学显微镜观察幼虫的形态特征,并对虫体的ITS2与CO1基因进行扩增测序、系统发育分析以鉴定虫种。结果显示10条颚口线虫幼虫头球均有3环小钩,其形态学特征与日本颚口线虫(Gnathostoma nipponicum)第3期幼虫相符。序列分析结果显示与GenBank中登录的日本颚口线虫ITS2和CO1基因的同源性分别为100%和99%。邻位连接法构建的50%一致树也均与日本颚口线虫处于同一分支。表明从黑龙江及广州地区泥鳅中分离的颚口线虫幼虫为日本颚口线虫幼虫,首次证明了中国存在日本颚口线虫。