Reproduction in three species of rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae) from rainforest streams in northern Queensland, Australia

Abstract – The reproductive biology of three species of rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae) in northeastern Australian rainforest streams was investigated. Two species, Melanotaenia eachamensis and Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides are endemic to the area, whereas the third, M. splendida splendida, is more widespread. The species were all highly fecund, producing many hundreds of eggs between 1.10 and 1.24 mm in diameter. Melanotaenia eachamensis was the most fecund, produced the largest eggs of the three species, and consequently exhibited the greatest maternal investment (as measured by gonadosomatic index). The majority of reproductive effort occurred during the dry season, although reproductively active fish were present year-round for each of the species, but particularly so for M. s. splendida and C. rhombosomoides. No evidence for a role by temperature or photoperiod as environmental cues for reproduction was found, and it was suggested that gonad development was strongly tied to somatic growth. The concentration of reproduction to the dry season ensures that larvae are produced during a period of relatively stable and benign physical conditions. Comparison of temporal changes in gonadosomatic index values suggest that the spawning season of M. eachamensis , which occurs in high-elevation streams, is more restricted and commences about 1 month earlier than either other species. A similar phenology was observed for the M. s. splendida population found at high elevation and highlights the potential for spatial differences in stream productivity to influence life history. ^Note     

Some determinants of the spatio-temporal fire cycle in a mediterranean landscape (Corsica,France)

Based on recent needs to accurately understand fire regimes and post-fire vegetation resilience at a supra-level for carbon cycle studies, this article focusses on the coupled history of fire and vegetation pattern for 40 years on a fire-prone area in central Corsica (France). This area has been submitted since the beginning of the 20^th century to land abandonment and the remaining land management has been largely controlled by frequent fires. Our objectives were to rebuild vegetation and fire maps in order to determine the factors which have driven the spatial and temporal distribution of fires on the area, what were the feed backs on the vegetation dynamics, and the long-term consequences of this inter-relationship. The results show a stable but high frequency of small fires, coupled with forest expansion over the study period. The results particularly illustrate the spatial distribution of fires according to topography and vegetation, leading to a strong contrast between areas never burnt and areas which have been burnt up to 7 times. Fires, when occuring, affect on average 9 to 12% of the S, SE and SW facing slopes (compared to only 2 to 5% for the N facing slopes), spread recurrently over ridge tops, affect all the vegetation types but reburn preferentially shrublands and grasslands. As these fire-proning parameters have also been shown to decrease the regeneration capacity of forests, this study highlights the needs in spatial studies (both in terms of fire spread and vegetation dynamic) to accurately apprehend vegetation dynamic and functionning in fire-prone areas.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

先张法预应力空心板纵向开裂的防治

多年来先张法预应力空心板在中、小桥结构物中一直被广泛应用.但在设计回访中发现,部分空心板板底多存在有纵向裂缝的问题,为有效杜绝此弊病的发生,本文对其产生的原因进行了分析并提出了预防措施.     

长江安庆江段存在溯河洄游型和淡水定居型刀鲚实证研究

为了探究长江十年禁渔后安庆江段刀鲚的生境履历,利用X射线电子探针微区分析技术研究安庆江段不同类型长颌刀鲚(Coilia nasus)和短颌刀鲚的耳石Sr和Ca微化学特征。结果显示,根据耳石Sr/Ca值的变化值将安庆江段的短颌刀鲚分为2类,一类是其比值为一直小于3.0的低值,表明其纯淡水的生境履历;另一类是其比值不仅有小于3.0的低值区,还有大于3.0的高值区(小于7.0),表明其不仅有淡水的生境履历,还有高盐度的河口半咸水生境履历。长颌刀鲚的耳石Sr/Ca值均具有小于3.0的低值区和大于3.0 (甚至大于7.0)高值区的显著波动,表现为典型的淡水、河口半咸水及海水的溯河洄游型生境履历,Sr含量面分析图谱也可印证上述结果。本研究表明,长江安庆江段刀鲚群体组成较为复杂,同时存在溯河洄游型、淡水定居型短颌刀鲚和溯河洄游型长颌刀鲚3种生态表型个体。     

双质量飞轮内部传动结构强度及疲劳寿命分析

随着初级飞轮与次级飞轮相对转角的变化,分段变刚度双质量飞轮具有不同的刚度特性和非线性变化转矩,双质量飞轮内部传动结构作为传递动力和运动部分,结构可靠性和使用寿命必须保证.将建立的三维CAD模型导入HyperMesh软件中进行有限元分析前处理,建立了有限元分析模型,经过仿真求解计算,分析了结构变形、应力分布特点,对比分析...     

室温臭氧保鲜草菇研究

用不同臭氧浓度处理新鲜草菇,结合聚乙烯薄膜包装保鲜贮藏,以５×１０－６臭氧处理草菇效果最好,较对照贮藏寿命延长了１０ｈ,延长了３８％,各处理的过氧化物酶活性、可溶性蛋白质含量和游离氨基酸含量,均随臭氧处理浓度增加而上升。文章对这些生化指标变化进行了讨论。     

不同杀菌工艺对延长货架期牛乳品质的影响

比较传统高温热杀菌、蒸汽浸入式杀菌、膜过滤结合巴氏杀菌对延长货架期牛乳品质的影响,测定不同热处理工艺对微生物指标、货架期、活性物质乳铁蛋白和免疫球蛋白G(immunoglobulin G,IgG)损失率及糠氨酸含量的影响,并优化蒸汽浸入式杀菌、膜过滤结合巴氏杀菌的工艺参数。结果表明：与传统高温杀菌工艺比较,蒸汽浸入式杀菌（147℃、0.09 s）产品货架期更长,品质更稳定,杀菌后糠氨酸含量较低且保留少量的活性物质;膜过滤结合72℃、15 s杀菌能更好地保留活性物质乳铁蛋白和IgG,但是该工艺对贮藏温度要求较高,全程贮藏温度需低于6℃,才能够确保产品在货架期内的品质稳定。     

不同温度下的豌豆蚜实验种群生命表研究

在6种温度(12、15、18、21、24℃和27℃)和相对湿度为80%的条件下,研究了温度对豌豆蚜发育和增殖的影响。组建了生命表,并统计出种群内禀增长率、净增殖率、世代平均周期、种群加倍时间和周限增长率等种群动态参数。结果表明,在试验温度范围内,豌豆蚜的发育历期随温度升高而缩短。种群的内禀增长率在24℃条件下最大(rm=0.281 0),相应的种群净增殖率(R0)、周限增长率(λ)、平均世代周期(T)和种群加倍时间(t)分别为17.030 9、1.324 5、10.089 3 d和2.466 7 d。     

TritonX-100对月季切花效应的研究

以月季为材料,研究聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(TritonX-100)预处理缓解水分胁迫对切花的影响.结果表明:体积分数0.01 % TritonX-100预处理1 h能有效缓解短期水分胁迫对月季切花水分代谢的影响,从而使切花瓶插寿命接近正常水平.