Investigations on the Occurrence of Hereditary Diseases in the Danish Cattle Population 1989-1991

Agerholm, J.S., A. Basse and K. Christensen: Investigations on the occurrence of hereditary diseases in the Danish cattle population 1989-1991. Acta vet. scand. 1993, 34, 245-253.– The methods of the Danish Bovine Genetic Disease Programme are outlined, and the results obtained during the first 3 years in function are described. The most common disease reported was spinal muscular atrophy in calves of the Red Danish Dairy breed with 312 reports. Necropsy was performed on 162 cases, and spinal muscular atrophy was diagnosed in 82 of these. Bovine progressive degenerative mye-loencephalopathy, rectovaginal constriction, syndrome of arthrogryposis and palatoschisis, hereditary chondrodysplasia (2 different types), syndactylism, epitheliogenesis imperfecta, and osteogenesis imperfecta was diagnosed with 1 case each. Lethal trait A46 was diagnosed in 4 calves. Some of these diseases have not previously been described in Denmark, and epitheliogenesis imperfecta was for the first time diagnosed in the Hereford breed. Chromosome translocation 1/29 was detected in the Blonde d’Aquitaine (BAQ), Limousine, and Red Danish Dairy breed. The aberration occurred frequently in BAQ. Furthermore, a complex chromosome translocation t(l;8;9)(q45;ql3;q26) was detected in the Red Danish Dairy breed.     

回交改良家蚕性连锁平衡致死系的研究

将家蚕性连锁平衡致死系与优良常规品种杂交后 ,F1代自交 ,再与平衡致死系回交 ,然后利用标记基因选择 ,可以把常规品种的血缘导入平衡致死系 ,改良其经济性状。本文对这一方法进行了研究 ,并证明了这种方法的实用价值     

重庆南温泉洗浴废水用作植物灌溉水的可行性研究

重庆市温泉资源丰富,温泉洗浴废水运用于绿地灌溉可以节约成本,缓解城市的水危机。温泉洗浴废水对植物生长有正负两方面的影响,与植物的种类,温泉洗浴废水的水质等因素有关。实验以重庆市常见的两种绿地植物——冷水花木春菊为研究对象,对温泉洗浴废水中影响植物生长的pH、固体悬浮物、高锰酸钾,总溶解性固体4个常见指标进行了浓度值对比实验。运用对相对电导率拟合Logistic方程求半致死浓度值的方法,确定绿地植物所能耐受的上限阀值。以此为基础对温泉废水进行相关处理,使温泉废水既可以达到灌溉绿地的水质标准,又能最大限度地降低废水处理成本,从而充分利用水资源。     

The Applicability of Wildlife Value Orientations Scales to a Muslim Student Sample in Malaysia

This article addresses the applicability of quantitative wildlife value orientation scales in Muslim students in Malaysia. As Malaysian culture is deeply influenced by Islam ideology, this article presents a case for addressing the cross-cultural applicability of the scales. The current wildlife value orientation scales were reliable—all Cronbach’s alphas ≥ .65—and had predictive validity—8 to 14% of variance of acceptability of lethal control was explained. Yet, both reliability and predictive validity were of lesser magnitude than figures in previous Western studies. Especially the hunting beliefs scale did not reflect basic thinking about wildlife in our sample, and our data suggest two different hunting dimensions—consequences of hunting for wildlife and human opportunities for hunting. For future cross-cultural comparisons of wildlife value orientations, amendment of the scales to better reflect salient beliefs in non-Western nations is recommended.     

Dynamics of dissolved oxygen (DO) in ponded water of a paddy field

The transfer of heat and dissolved oxygen (DO) through water is important to understand the phenomenon of ponded water in a paddy soil. The heat from solar radiation is absorbed at the soil surface and transferred into the ponded water by convection. This study clarified the dynamics of DO, as well as the role of convection in water in DO transfer in the ponded water of a paddy field. DO concentration in the ponded water of a paddy field was measured in situ in the daytime and during the night. The results were confirmed in lab-scale model experiments. The DO concentration and temperature profiles in the ponded water of a lab-scale paddy field model were investigated under convective and non-convective conditions using solar radiation and infrared radiation, respectively. Under the ponded condition, solar radiation was absorbed at the soil surface whereas infrared radiation was absorbed at the water surface and thereby convective and non-convective conditions were generated, respectively. The diurnal variation in DO concentration was closely related to the intensity of solar radiation. Oxygen generation by micro-algae and its subsequent circulation by convection resulted in uniform DO concentration profiles, with super-saturated values in the ponded water in the daytime. Eventually oxygen was released to the atmosphere by deaeration until DO in water was depleted to the saturated level. During the night the oxygen moved from the atmosphere into the water surface by reaeration which depends on the oxygen deficit related to saturation. The oxygen deficit is caused by the respiration of microorganisms. The oxygen, that moved from the atmosphere to the water surface, was transferred to the soil surface by convection in the water layer. Thus convection plays an important role in the DO transfer in the ponded water of a paddy field. The DO dynamics is correlated with biological processes in the ponded paddy soil.     

Cd2+、Hg2+、As3+对可口革囊星虫的急性毒性试验

采用次生体腔注射、静水法研究了Cd2 、Hg2 和As3 对可口革囊星虫的单一毒性试验。试验结果表明:Cd2 、Hg2 和As3 对星虫的24 h LD50分别为:158.79 mg/kg,87.39 mg/kg和295.80 mg/kg;48 h LD50分别为:74.94 mg/kg,39.89 mg/kg和46.35 mg/kg。Cd2 、Hg2 、As3 对星虫的毒性大小为:Hg2 >As3 ≈Cd2 ,LD50均随试验时间的延长而减小。毒性反应:注射Cd2 组星虫身体伸长,吻变细,肠管排出;注射Hg2 组身体变硬,分节;注射As3 组身体变软。相对增重方差分析显示:不同注射浓度,相对增重均有显著差异;不同处理时间,Hg2 、As3 处理的星虫有显著差异,而Cd2 处理的星虫无显著差异。     

溶解氧影响河流底泥中氮释放的实验研究

通过自制的柱状模拟实验装置,研究了溶解氧对河流底泥氮转化的影响。研究结果表明:好氧环境可以抑制河流底泥中的氮向上覆水体释放,而厌氧条件下有利于底泥中氮向上覆水体释放;高溶解氧水平下,河流水体中氮的迁移转化作用主要为硝化和反硝化作用。且硝化作用进行得很彻底,氨氮转化率达到100%。     

惰性载体对玫烟色拟青霉产孢和孢子活力的影响

玫烟色拟青霉Paecilomyces fumosorose础地理分布广泛，昆虫寄主多样，能侵染多种昆虫，包括同翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目、膜翅目等，是一种重要的昆虫病原真菌。近年来国外有关其生物学、分类、生化和应用的研究报道显著增多，但国内研究较少。虽然该菌寄主广泛，但国内外对其研究主要作为粉虱、蚜虫等刺吸式口器害虫的微生物防治因子。在自然界致病的鳞翅目幼虫虫尸上分离到1株玫烟色拟青霉，其对蚜虫、粉虱等刺吸式口器害虫有较高毒力。本试验利用惰性载体辅以农（副）产品为材料，对其在不同载体上生长、产孢量及对分生孢子存活的影响进行研究，对于开发和利用这一生物防治资源具有较为重要的意义。     

牛源皮特不动杆菌对小鼠的致病性分析

为探究来源于牛呼吸道疾病综合征发病牛的皮特不动杆菌对小鼠的致病性,对其进行相关毒力基因的检测和小鼠致病性试验,试验内容主要包括临床症状观察、病理剖检、组织病理学观察,以及半数致死量(LD50)和各器官载菌量的测定.结果显示,牛源皮特不动杆菌ZZCNC1807-6和ZZCSF1807-9菌株对小鼠均具有较强的致死性,对小...     

转Cry抗虫基因玉米对家蚕的安全性评价

家蚕可能通过取食漂移到桑叶上的玉米花粉从而受到转基因玉米中表达的Cry蛋白的影响。实验采用室内生物测试的方法评价了转cry1Ab和cry2Ab基因玉米GAB-3花粉对家蚕可能产生的影响,并采用在饲料中掺入蛋白的方式检测了转基因玉米中广泛使用的6种Cry杀虫蛋白对家蚕的毒性。当桑叶上GAB-3花粉密度为50粒·cm^-2时,对家蚕幼虫存活率无显著影响,达500粒·cm^-2时,家蚕14 d存活率为0;以10粒·cm^-2的GAB-3花粉饲喂家蚕幼虫7 d对其体重无显著不利影响,但延长饲喂时间或者当GAB-3花粉密度为50粒·cm^-2时,家蚕的体重显著低于对照组;转基因和非转基因玉米花粉处理14 d或更长时间的家蚕体重均低于无花粉处理组。与非转基因对照处理组相比,低于100粒·cm^-2的转基因玉米GAB-3花粉处理组家蚕的化蛹率、茧重、茧壳重和蛹重无显著差异,转基因玉米和非转基因玉米花粉处理均会延长家蚕幼虫的发育历期。GAB-3花粉对家蚕7 d的LC₅₀为261.18粒·cm^-2,随着处理时间延长,LC₅₀下降。测试的6种Bt杀虫蛋白对家蚕的毒性依次为Cry1C>Cry1Fa>Cry1B>Cry2A>Cry1Ab>Cry1Ac。目前,在中国接近商业化的转基因玉米中多采用的Bt杀虫蛋白为Cry1Ab和Cry2A,二者对家蚕的毒性较低,并且在实际生产中,家蚕接触到的转基因玉米花粉密度较低,因此转Cry抗虫基因玉米对家蚕的风险较低。