中华绒螯蟹核糖体DNA全序列分析

核糖体DNA通常被选作系统发育研究的分子标记,核糖体DNA中IGS部分序列的变异在一定程度上影响着生物的生长。报道了中华绒螯蟹核糖体DNA全序列的分离和序列特征。中华绒螯蟹核糖体DNA全长11660bp,包括18S(1873bp),ITS1(317bp),5.8S(163bp),ITS2(614bp),28S(4461bp)和IGS(4240bp);不同部分AT含量在40.1%～48.6%之间,低于果蝇(55.8%～80.0%),高于鲤(22.0%～43.7%)。平均100个核苷酸含简单重复序列(SSR)数由高到低依次为ITS2(0.98%),IGS(0.49%),28S(0.38%),ITS1(0.32%),18S(0.21%),5.8S(0%)。个体内差异分析结果表明,中华绒螯蟹个体内存在两类ITS2序列,其中一类在405nt处有一12bp(CGCAGGACCACC)插入序列。中华绒螯蟹rDNA的IGS部分长4240bp,AT含量为42.6%。IGS部分包含一个有约7个连续136～139bp单元组成的重复序列区,重复序列单元中存在XhoⅠ内切酶位点,为河蟹特有的重复序列;重复序列区后有一个由182个碱基对...     

Spatial patterns in mixed coniferous even-aged,uneven-aged and conversion stands

Different methodological approaches from the field of spatial statistics, the index of cluster size (ICS) and quadrat methods such as the two-term and three-term local quadrat variance (TTLQV and 3TLQV) and the new local variance (NLV) were tested to find a simple spatial measure to classify mixed coniferous uneven-aged, even-aged and conversion stands in the central Black Forest area of Germany. Altogether six stands were analysed with regularly distributed sample plots of 0.25 ha (50×50 m), each subdivided into 25 quadrats of 10×10 m. In each of the quadrats, diameter at breast height (dbh) for trees of the overstory (dbh>7 cm) was assessed and classified into three diameter classes. Height measurements were used to develop specific stand height curves for each stand and to calculate the standing volume per tree and per quadrat. The even-aged stands showed a regular distribution of the standing volume, while the conversion and uneven-aged stands were more clustered. This was detected using ICS, which proved to be a simple but very efficient measure for stand structure. The ICS also showed a highly random distribution of small and medium trees and a regular distribution of large trees of the overstory in the uneven-aged stand. Large and medium trees of one even-aged stand were also regularly distributed while conversion stands showed a regular, random or slightly clustered distribution of these trees. The more uneven the ages in the stands were, the larger were the phases detected by the NLV. The findings of the ICS were generally supported by the TTLQV and 3TLQV. The more uneven the ages in a stand were, the less clustered were the trees of different sizes of the understory. Clustering also decreased with increasing height of understory trees. The patterns detected in the investigated stands were related to the effect of different management regimes. Implications for the management of conversions stands based on the findings of the study are given.     

Diallel Analysis of Grain Yield in Barley Using Doubled-Haploid Lines*

Grain yields of seven barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) and 398 doubled-haploid lines derived from their diallel crosses were evaluated in hill plots at two locations in Ontario. Additive × additive epistasis and linkage disequilibrium were detected in the seven cultivars. Additive × additive genetic variance was significantly greater than zero but additive genetic variance was not significantly greater than zero. The narrow-sense heritability on the basis of line means was intermediate (0.33). It was predicted that 13.1% yield improvement could be realized in the next recurrent selection cycle using the doubled-haploid method.     

Heterosis and Genetic Variances and their Implications for Breeding Improved Varieties of Spring Beans (Vicia faba L.)*

Handcrosses were made in a factorial manner with 24 Vicia faba inbred lines m three sets, each between four male and four female parents. The resulting 48 hybrids, their parental inbreds and three commercial varieties were grown in performance trials during the years 1985—87 with three replications at one location. Yield and yield components were recorded on single plant basis. The average superiority of the hybrids above the control varieties was 26 % in plant yield. The best crosses outyielded the controls by more than 50 %. However, a few inbred lines also reached, the yield level of the controls. The average heterosis was significant for all characters except for maturity date. In plant yield the average heterosis was 75%, ranging between 34% and 148% in the various cross combinations. The highest average heterosis of 110 % was observed in yield at the lateral stems. In all characters the best inbreds were superior to the lower hybrids and in some characters even equal to the average of the hybrids. A strong positive relationship was found for all characters between hybrid performance and mid-parent value and between the per se performance of the inbreds and their general combining ability. Genotypic differences between the hybrids as well as between the inbreds were highly significant. Most of the variability between the hybrids in all characters were attributed to general combining, ability with only little evidence for specific combining ability. In the discussion the results are evaluated according to the choice of the breeding category of the partial allogamous faba bean species.     

籼稻精米重量性状的发育遗传分析

采用包括胚乳、细胞质和母体植株等不同遗传体系基因效应的数量性状发育遗传模型和统计分析方法,分析了籼稻4个发育时期的精米重量性状.结果表明三倍体胚乳和二倍体母株基因的加性效应和显性效应以及细胞质效应可以明显影响各个稻米发育时期的精米重量,但主要为二倍体母株的核基因效应,其次为三倍体胚乳核基因效应.基因加性效应在稻米4个发育时期的精米重量表现中起着主要作用,选择可以取得良好的改良效果.条件方差分量分析结果表明,胚乳、细胞质和母体植株中控制精米重量性状表现的基因在多数稻米发育时期均有新的表达,且以稻米发育前期为主,其中开花后第8～14日是控制精米重量性状表现的基因表达最为活跃的时期,各遗传体系在接近稻米成熟时(开花后第22～28日)的新基因表达量尤其是基因的加性效应会明显下降,一些基因效应尤其是净细胞质效应存在着个别发育时期间断表达的现象.稻米不同发育时期的条件和非条件遗传效应预测值表明,作5等亲本可以明显提高后代的精米重量.     

时空变化对甜高粱农艺性状的影响及分析

[目的]时空变化对甜高粱农艺性状的影响.[方法]以 TTL-11(CK),Z6-120、Z7-120、Z8-120四个甜高粱品系为材料,分别于2005年在新疆农科院玛纳斯试验站和2005～2006年在海南三亚市新疆农科院南繁试验基地两地进行品比试验,[结果]TTL-11(CK)、Z6-120、Z7-120、Z8-1204个品系的生育期、生物产量、茎秆产量、产糖量、千粒重、单株重、秆重、株高、秆长、茎节数、茎粗在新疆、海南两地的差异达极显著水平和显著水平;生育期、生物产量、茎秆产量、产糖量、单株重、秆重、株高、秆长、茎节数、茎粗在新疆显著高于海南,籽粒产量、千粒重则是海南高于新疆;汁液锤度和籽粒产量在两地的差异不显著;有利于南繁加代.[结论]Z6-120在新疆、海南两地表现高生物产量、中锤度的品种,可作为饲料专用品种应用;Z7-120为高产、高糖品种,其锤度在新疆和海南的均值分别为17.9;、18.6;,产糖量最高,可作为能源专用型品种应用.     

火炬树挥发性有机物释放动态及其抑菌作用

采用气相色谱—质谱(GC—MS)技术研究了火炬树(Rhus tyhpina)挥发性有机物组成及季节动态变化规律。采用自然沉降法测定了火炬树挥发物对空气微生物生长的影响。结果表明:火炬树枝叶在春、秋两季释放的挥发物主要以萜烯类化合物为主;夏季,烷烃、烯烃类化合物所占比例稍高于萜烯类化合物,同时伴有少量酮类、醇类化合物的释放。夏季,火炬树能够有效地抑制空气中的细菌,且植物在清晨具有较强的抑菌能力。     

不同环境下水稻对受体植物化感作用的动态遗传研究

采用包括基因型与环境互作的数量性状加性—显性发育遗传模型,研究了按双列杂交设计（5×6）/2配制成1套包括亲本、F1 2个世代的水稻遗传材料对受体植物莴苣幼苗根长化感作用的动态遗传及与环境互作效应。遗传方差分析表明,控制水稻不同叶龄期化感作用的加性效应与显性效应呈交替表达趋势,叶龄在7叶期受加性效应控制,在3     

适应性销售行为在汽车销售领域的研究综述

总结了国内外适应性销售行为的研究现状及其在汽车销售领域的应用.根据汽车销售行业的特殊性以及中国国情的应用背景,本文研究了影响汽车销售领域的适应性销售行为的七大因素：汽车销售人员的内在动机、顾客定性化技能、技术技能、适应性销售行为、消费者观察到的服务质量、消费者满意度以及汽车销售人员的行为绩效.     

Variability in European Maize (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Zea mays</Emphasis> L.) Landraces under High and Low Nitrogen Inputs

An European maize (Zea mays L.) landrace core collection (EMLCC) was formed with samples from several countries. Evaluation of the EMLCC may contribute to broad the genetic base of maize breeding programs. The objective of this study was to assess the variability of EMLCC under low nitrogen (N) in relation to high N input. Eighty-five landraces of the EMLCC, grouped in four maturity groups, and three check hybrids were evaluated for response to low (0 kg ha⁻¹) and high (150 kg ha⁻¹) N in Spain and Greece. Five plant size traits (plant height, ear height, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area index), two grain traits (1000-kernel weight and grain yield), and two agronomic traits [growing degree units (GDU) and lodging] were studied. Overall means of plant size and grain traits increased when genotypes were grown at 150-N relative to 0-N input. The relative increase for grain traits was smaller in landraces than in hybrids. This suggests that landraces had lower grain yield response to N supply compared to hybrids. Linear regressions of plant size traits on GDU indicated that vegetative development was primarily associated with flowering lateness. The maturity group was the main source of variation for all traits. Landrace variability within maturity groups was significant for all traits across environments, despite significant landrace × environment interactions. Estimates of genetic and genotype × environment variances, and heritabilities at both high and low N inputs were not significantly different from each other. However estimates were generally larger at high N. Genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients between the two N levels were very high for all traits.