The Inheritance of Aliphatic Glucosinolates in Brassica napus

The inheritance of aliphatic glucosinolates was studied in crosses between synthetic B. napus lines and oilseed rape cultivars. Six unlinked loci are described which determine the aliphatic glucosinolate profile of B. napus. One locus regulates the presence or absence of propyl glucosinolates, while another regulates the expression of pentyl glucosinolates. Two loci regulate the removal of the terminal H₃CS-group from the amino acid derivative to produce alkenyl glucosinolates as opposed to methylthioalkyl and methylsulphinylalkyl glucosinolates, regardless of the length of the alkyl chain. Likewise, another two loci regulate the hydroxylation of both butenyl and pentenyl glucosinolates. The functional alleles at one of the hydroxylation loci results in significantly more hydroxylation than those at the other locus. The large number of aliphatic glucosinolates which have been described in Brassica thus results from an interaction between genes which regulate side chain elongation and genes which modify the structure of the side chain, regardless of its length. The implications of this study for the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates, the origin of B. napus and the potential to manipulate the leaf and seed glucosinolate profile of oilseed rape are discussed.     

遗传背景对水稻无融合生殖材料C1001双胚苗频率影响的研究

同核异质雄性不育材料与无融合生殖材料Ｃ１００１Ｂ杂交和回交表明，Ｃ１００１Ｂ的双胚苗，是受核基因控制的性状，双胚苗频率的表达，具明显的胞质效应和胞核效应，在胞质效应中，不育胞质与可质胞质的差异尤其显著，不育胞质对双胚苗的表现有明显的抑制作用，不同世代间胞质效应和胞核效应的表现也不一致。此外，环境条件对Ｃ１００１的双胚苗表现有一定的影响。     

甘薯根腐病抗性在不同环境条件下的表现及遗传趋势

结果表明,甘薯根腐病发病轻重与环境条件有很大关系,表现为干旱少雨的年份发病较重,降雨量较多的年份发病较轻;土壤瘠薄的发病较重,肥力条件较好的则发病较轻;通常情况下,年份间品种的抗性表现较为一致,但遇特殊气候则年份间品种的抗性有一定的差异。对1150份甘薯品种资源及育种材料的根腐病抗性鉴定结果表明,高抗型材料占14.6％,抗病型占15.7％,感病型占26.0％,高感型占43.7％。对754份材料及亲本的抗性分析表明,不同的抗性组合后代中均可分离出高抗至高感类型的材料,杂交后代的抗性强弱随双亲抗性水平的提高而提高。中国自1970年以来采用品种间杂交和种间杂交育种技术,先后育成了一批高产、优质的高抗型优良品种。     

MHC及其在动物遗传与育种方面的应用

主要组织相容性复合体(Major histocompatibility complex,MHC)不仅与移植排斥反应有关,而且还与动物的一些经济性状密切相关。文章主要阐述了MHC的结构、功能和遗传特性,并且介绍了MHC基因作为遗传标记在动物遗传与育种方面的应用。     

不结球白菜维生素C和可溶性糖含量的遗传分析

采用主基因—多基因混合遗传模型分析方法,对不结球白菜乌塌菜×矮脚黄、雪克青×矮脚黄两个组合的维生素Ｃ、可溶性糖含量进行单世代和联合世代遗传分析。结果表明,两组合中维生素Ｃ含量遗传符合一个主基因和多基因的混合遗传模型,主基因遗传率为５２６８％～７４１２％。可溶性糖在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中也符合主基因—多基因遗传模型,主基因遗传率为８９７３％～８９７９％。维生素Ｃ和可溶性糖主基因效应均以加性效应为主,在乌塌菜×矮脚黄组合中,两性状主基因有较明显的负向显性效应,在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中,显性效应不明显。育种实践中应注重对主基因加性效应的利用。     

辣(甜)椒抗黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)研究进展

黄瓜花叶病毒病(CMV)是为害辣(甜)椒的重要病毒,国内外对其研究较多。通过综述CMV的株系分化、抗性遗传、分子标记、抗CMV基因工程以及抗CMV育种等方面的研究结果和报道,旨在为辣(甜)椒抗CMV育种提供参考依据。     

小菜蛾对多杀菌素的抗性筛选及遗传方式分析

通过室内筛选试验,评估了小菜蛾对多杀菌素的抗性风险,并对抗性遗传和交互抗性进行初步研究.以采自广东深圳小菜蛾为起始种群(SZ),在室内筛选26代, 获得1个中等抗性水平的品系(SZ-Spin).该品系与SZ品系相比,抗性提高到22.4倍,与PHI-S敏感品系相比抗性达到60.7倍.在筛选过程中,小菜蛾对多杀菌素平均抗性现实遗传力较低(0.09),表明小菜蛾对多杀菌素产生抗性的速度较慢.SZ-Spin抗性品系与PHI-S敏感品系正、反交试验结果表明,小菜蛾对多杀菌素的抗性为不完全隐性、常染色体遗传.SZ-Spin抗性品系对阿维菌素、氟虫腈、杀虫单没有交互抗性.     

迭球螋对落叶松球蚜成虫的捕食作用

在室内研究了捕食性天敌迭球螋成虫对落叶松球蚜成虫的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应。结果表明,迭球螋对落叶松球蚜成虫的捕食功能反应属HollingⅡ型;根据HollingⅢ型功能反应新模型Na=a·exp(-b/N)计算出最佳寻找密度22.47头/皿;利用Holling寻找效应与猎物密度关系式S=a/(1+aThN)计算了寻找效应,结果表明寻找效应随猎物密度的增加而降低;捕食作用率与其密度的关系为E=0.189 4P-0.3202;分摊竞争强度与其密度的关系为I=0.579 7lgP+0.000 8。     

Inheritance of beta-cypermethrin resistance in the housefly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

BACKGROUND: Beta-cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, was applied frequently in the control of health pests including houseflies, Musca domestica L., in China. However, different levels of resistance to beta-cypermethrin were monitored in field strains of houseflies. A strain of M. domestica, 4420-fold resistant to beta-cypermethrin after continuous 25 generations of selection, was used in this paper to determine the mode of inheritance of pyrethroid resistance. RESULTS: The estimated realized heritability (h(2)) of beta-cypermethrin resistance was 0.30 in this resistant strain. Results of bioassays showed no significant difference in values of LD(50) and slope of log dose-probit lines between reciprocal progenies F(1) and F'(1), and yielded values of - 0.10 (F(1)) and - 0.11 (F'(1)) for the degree of dominance (D). Chi-square analysis from responses of self-bred and backcross progenies (F(2), BC(1) and BC(2) respectively) indicated that the null hypothesis, a single gene responsible for resistance, was accepted. The minimum number of independent segregation genes was 0.93 for F(1) by Lande's method. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that beta-cypermethrin resistance in the housefly was inherited as a single, major, autosomal and incompletely recessive factor. These results would provide the basic information for pest management programmes.     

闽北擂茶文化传承的思考

从闽北擂茶悠久历史入手,剖析闽北擂茶的制作特点及其品饮文化的内涵,阐述闽北擂茶的养生保健文化,分析闽北擂茶文化传承存在的问题并提出改进建议,为闽北茶文化传承提供参考.