Alkaloid Accumulation in Catharanthus roseus Increases with Addition of Seawater Salts to the Nutrient Solution

A sand culture experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different seawater (5% and 10%) treatments on plant growth,inorganic ions,indole alkaloid concentrations and yields of Catharanthus roseus,in an effort to increase the alkaloid yield by artificial cultivation.The total fresh and dry weights and tissue K + concentrations decreased,but Na + concentrations increased in the plant roots,stems and leaves of C.roseus under seawater stress as compared to the control.The concentrations and yields of...     

Floral induction (FI) in longan (Dimocarpus longan, Lour.) trees. III: Effect of shading the trees on potassium chlorate induced FI and resulting hormonal changes in leaves and shoots

Previous experiments demonstrated that treatment of longan trees with potassium chlorate (KClO₃) induces “off season floral induction” (FI) even in the absence of the naturally required cool temperature [Manochai, P., Sruamsiri, P., Wiriya-alongkorn, W., Naphrom, D., Hegele, M., Bangerth, F., 2005. Year around off season flower induction in longan (Dimocarpus longan, Lour.) trees by KClO₃ applications: potentials and problems. Sci. Hortic. 104, 379–390]. Potassium chlorate, however, cannot replace the presence of functional mature leaves and sufficient light intensity. Here we examined in more detail the effect of shade (about 10% of natural sunlight) on KClO₃ affected hormone concentrations/transport of leaves and shoot apical buds (SAB) and their interactions with FI.     

水稻根际促生菌的筛选鉴定及促生能力分析

植物根际促生菌（Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR）可分泌植物生长激素,促进土壤养分循环,是生物肥料重要的种质资源。本文从水稻根际土壤分离纯化根际促生菌,进行菌株鉴定,测定其促生能力。经过16S rDNA测序比对,筛选得到解磷菌4株（Bacillus pumilus LZP02,Bacillus aryabhattai LZP08,Staphylococcus epidermidis LZP10,Bacillus ginsengisoli LZP05）,溶磷菌3株（Bacillus megaterium LZP03,Bacillus oryzaecorticis LZP04,Bacillus ginsengisoli LZP07）,解钾菌3株（Bacillus aryabhattai LZP01,Bacillus subtilis LZP06,Bacillus licheniformis LZP09）。养分转化能力测试结果表明,Bacillus aryabhattai LZP01和Bacillus subtilis LZP06解钾能力较好;Bacillus pumilus LZP02和Bacillus huizhouensis LZP05解磷能力较强;Bacillus megaterium LZP03和Bacillusginsengisoli LZP07溶磷能力较好。对养分转化能力较强的菌株进行激素分泌能力测定,结果表明6种菌株均能产生生长素、赤霉素,均具有合成铁载体的能力。综合分析菌株养分转化与激素分泌能力发现,Bacillus megaterium LZP03、Bacillus huizhouensis LZP05和Bacillus subtilis LZP06促生能力较强,具有较强的开发利用潜力。研究成果为水稻微生物肥料的开发与生产提供了理论和技术支持。     

应用反相高效液相色谱法测定绵羊瘤胃液、肉鸡粪中吲哚和粪臭素含量

[目的]建立适于绵羊瘤胃液和肉鸡粪中痕量吲哚、粪臭素测定的反相高效液相色谱法.[方法]肉鸡日粮中分别添加饲用抗生素、葡萄糖酸和乳果糖,收集13～15、20～22、33～35和40 ～41日龄肉鸡的粪;采集绵羊饲喂前(记为0h),饲喂后1.5、3、6和9h的瘤胃内容物.[结果]色谱条件,流动相:乙腈:水,流速1mL/min,柱温30℃,激发波长270nm,发射波长350nm,梯度洗脱;方法具有分离时间短(10 min以内),样品处理简单、分离度好、灵敏度高(吲哚142.8 ng/mL,绝对量2.142 ng/15 μL;粪臭素1 ng/mL,绝对量0.015ng/15 μL)的特点.葡萄糖酸组、乳果糖组肉鸡粪中吲哚含量在肉鸡34～36日龄时达到高峰值,抗生素组肉鸡粪中吲哚含量随日龄呈现上升趋势;从粪臭素含量来看,40 ～41日龄时肉鸡粪中含量有所增加,其中,饲用抗生素组、乳果糖组增加最明显,葡萄糖酸组增加最少.绵羊瘤胃液中吲哚含量在饲喂后1.5h达到最高值,饲喂800 g精料日粮时含量极显著高于饲喂400 g精料日粮,其余各时间点两种日粮之间差异不显著;而瘤胃液中粪臭素含量在饲喂后3h达到最高值,且饲喂800 g精料日粮时含量都有高于饲喂400 g精料日粮时.[结论]肉鸡粪中的吲哚、粪臭素含量不仅与日粮有关,还与肉鸡的日龄有关.饲喂两种水平的精料补充料时绵羊瘤胃液中吲哚、粪臭素含量的动态变化规律基本相似;高精料饲喂后1.5 ～9 h内,瘤胃液中的粪臭素含量普遍升高.     

水涨龙眼结果母枝内源激素含量变化对花芽分化的影响

应用酶联免疫法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）,测定了涨龙眼花芽分化期间结果母枝内源激素ｉＰＡｓ、ＧＡｓ、ＡＢＡ及ＩＡＡ的含量变化。结果表明,生理分化期花芽内源激素含量：ＡＢＡ〉ｉＰＡｓ〉ＩＡＡ〉ＧＡｓ;形成分化期为：ＡＢＡ〉ＩＡＡ〉ｉＰＡｓ〉ＧＡｓ。生理分化期主形态分化期叶芽内源激素含量均为：ＡＢＡ〉ｉＰＡｓ〉ＧＡｓ〉ＩＡＡ。生理分化期：与叶芽相比,花芽的ｉＰＳｓ、ＧＡｓ和ＩＡＡ含量高,ＡＢＡ含量低。形态分化期：     

内源IAA对杂交稻强、弱势粒灌浆增重的影响

以超级杂交稻协优9308和杂交稻协优9312、Ⅱ优162及其相应恢复系为材料,对灌浆初期籽粒中内源IAA、糖分的变化,以及IAA抑制剂对IAA以及3H 标记葡萄糖吸收分配和籽粒灌浆的影响进行了研究。结果表明在籽粒灌浆初期强势粒的IAA含量以及增重的速度始终高于弱势粒。在开花受精7 d以前,强势粒中果糖、葡萄糖及蔗糖的含量高于弱势粒,之后相反。强、弱势粒间存在的这种灌浆势差异,杂交组合大于其相应的恢复系。IAA合成及运输抑制剂明显降低3H 葡萄糖在籽粒中的分配。外源IAA对幼穗的处理,缩小了强、弱势粒间结实率的差异,使整穗的结实率也有所提高。     

Two New Cytotoxic Indole Alkaloids from a Deep-Sea Sediment Derived Metagenomic Clone

Two new indole alkaloids, metagenetriindole A (1) and metagenebiindole A (2), were identified from deep-sea sediment metagenomic clone derived Escherichia coli fermentation broth. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The two new indole alkaloids demonstrated moderately cytotoxic activity against CNE2, Bel7402 and HT1080 cancer cell lines in vitro.     

植物吲哚族芥子油苷的代谢调控网络

十字花科植物中吲哚族芥子油苷(indole glucosinolates,IGS)是一类色氨酸来源的重要次生代谢产物。目前,吲哚族芥子油苷的生物合成和修饰已经阐明,代谢网络中既有不同类型转录调控因子的参与,又受到水杨酸、茉莉酸、乙烯等植物激素调控和外界环境因子的影响。吲哚族芥子油苷的降解存在典型的芥子油苷—黑芥子酶系统和非典型的黑芥子酶代谢途径。文章主要对吲哚族芥子油苷代谢途径、调控网络以及代谢产物进行综述。     

萝芙木异胡豆苷-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶(SGD)基因的克隆与分析

[目的]对萝芙木异胡豆苷-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶(SGD)基因进行克隆与分析。[方法]以萝芙木为材料,采用RACE技术,从萝芙木中克隆SGD的全长cDNA,并对其进行表达谱分析和相关生物信息学分析。[结果]萝芙木SGD基因cDNA全长1 856 bp,包含1 608 bp的开放阅读框,编码536个氨基酸,预测分子量为61 kDa,等电点pI为6.16;生物信息学分析显示,RvSGD与蛇根木SGD及长春花SGD的序列相似性分别高达90.1%和70.9%,RvSGD也具有SGD蛋白的3个保守氨基酸催化位点His-161、Glu-207和Glu-419;荧光定量PCR表明,RvSGD在树皮中表达量最高,其次是老叶、根、嫩叶和茎。[结论]RvSGD基因的克隆和功能分析有助于在分子水平上更好地了解这个基因在TIAs的生物合成中的作用,并为今后调控TIAs的生物合成提供了新的靶点。