大弹涂鱼寄生蛭治疗实验研究

报道了几种化学药物以及淡水和高盐度海水治疗大弹涂鱼寄生蛭的实验结果。单独使用 1 0mg/dm3 的敌百虫或 1 0 0× 1 0 -6(V /V)～ 2 0 0× 1 0 -6(V /V)的福尔马林以及混合使用 1 5 0× 1 0 -6(V /V)福尔马林 +0 5mg/dm3 (或 1 0mg/dm3 )的敌百虫对杀灭大弹涂鱼寄生蛭有明显的疗效且较安全。采用淡水浸泡治疗大弹涂鱼寄生蛭是最有效和最安全的方法。高盐度海水浸泡能使鱼蛭脱落 ,但也会导致大弹涂鱼死亡。硫酸铜和“鱼虫绝杀”不宜作为治疗大弹涂鱼寄生蛭的化学药物     

海水鱼蛭阿鲁加姆锡兰蛭(Zeylanicobdella arugamensis)的在体感染与生活史观察

阿鲁加姆锡兰蛭(Zeylanicobdella arugamensis)是重要的鱼类体外寄生虫,可感染30余种海水鱼类。阿鲁加姆锡兰蛭病在我国和东南亚多个国家的海水养殖鱼类中流行,严重时可导致鱼类大量死亡。为持续、稳定、足量地获得活体寄生虫,供防治鱼蛭病研究使用,本研究通过鱼蛭在体感染实验,建立了阿鲁加姆锡兰蛭的传代培养体系。研究结果证实,2种海水观赏鱼[棘颊雀鲷(Premnas biaculeatus)和白条双锯鱼(Amphiprion frenatus)]可作为宿主鱼,用于该鱼蛭的传代培养,且传9代后产生的子代仍具有很强的感染力。鱼蛭的生活史观察显示,该鱼蛭的生活史可分为卵茧孵化和幼蛭发育2个阶段。在水温为26℃、盐度为30的条件下,鱼蛭最短20 d即可完成其生活史。其中,卵茧孵化为幼蛭需要9 d,孵化率高达83.8%;幼蛭感染宿主、发育成熟并开始产卵茧最短需要11 d。本研究可为海水鱼蛭的生物学和鱼蛭病的防治研究提供技术支撑。     

宽体金线蛭室内繁殖的初步研究

在土壤温度为24℃～26℃下,采用网箱湿土养殖法对具有生殖环带的宽体金线蛭（Whitmania pigra）进行了繁殖试验,统计了水蛭减重率、成活率和产茧率。在室内温度为26℃～28℃下,采用水箱孵化法孵化宽体金线蛭所产的卵茧,统计卵茧孵化率。结果表明：产茧后的宽体金线蛭平均减重率和成活率分别为43.5±1.41%和87.5±6.36%;宽体金线蛭平均产茧量和卵茧孵化率分别为1.22±0.04枚/条和73.1±0.57%。     

不同温度、饵料对宽体金线蛭仔蛭生长和存活的影响

本文研究了不同温度和饵料对宽体金线蛭仔蛭生长和存活的影响。结果表明：宽体金线蛭（ Whitmania pigra）仔蛭在不同温度条件下的生长速度和存活率存在显著差异（ P /0.05）。在水温为27℃条件下,仔蛭生长速度最快、存活率最高;而33℃下的仔蛭存活率最低、生长最慢。投喂不同的饵料,仔蛭的生长速度和存活率也有显著的差异（ P /0.05）;投喂轮虫和圆田螺组的仔蛭生长速度最快、存活率最高;投喂蛋黄组的仔蛭存活率最低、生长速度最慢。     

Oral hirudiniasis in a stray dog,first report in Italy

In June 2014, a male stray dog was recovered at Ente Nazionale di Protezione Animali (ENPA) kennel of Manfredonia, Apulia region, showing oral bleeding and physical prostration. The dog fell in a water canal and was trapped. During the clinical examination, a specimen of leech was revealed into its oral cavity. The parasite, probably entered by drinking unfiltered and contaminated water, has been identified as an adult of aquatic leech Limnatis nilotica. Leeches could overrun wide variety of animals, and few reports about blood sucking leech infestations in mammals are available in literature. This paper describes here the first oral hirudiniasis in a dog in Italy and highlights the possibility of human nasopharyngeal leech-related infection in Apulia region.     

海水鱼蛭阿鲁加姆锡兰蛭(Zeylanicobdella arugamensis)的在体感染与生活史观察

阿鲁加姆锡兰蛭(Zeylanicobdella arugamensis)是重要的鱼类体外寄生虫,可感染30余种海水鱼类.阿鲁加姆锡兰蛭病在我国和东南亚多个国家的海水养殖鱼类中流行,严重时可导致鱼类大量死亡.为持续、稳定、足量地获得活体寄生虫,供防治鱼蛭病研究使用,本研究通过鱼蛭在体感染实验,建立了阿鲁加姆锡兰蛭的传代培...     

Effect of salinity and temperature on marine leech,Zeylanicobdella arugamensis (De Silva) under laboratory conditions

The high prevalence (80–100%) of the marine leech Zeylanicobdella arugamensis (De Silva) on cage‐cultured Asian sea bass Lates calcarifer (Bloch) led us to investigate the percentage of juvenile leeches hatched from deposited cocoons, survival of juvenile and adult marine leeches at different salinity and temperature. The results showed that the hatching percentage of juvenile leeches was highest at salinity of 30 ppt (32.5 ± 2.8%) followed by 20 ppt (18.0 ± 4.3%) and 10 ppt (12.1 ± 1.4%), respectively. It was found that the adult and juvenile leeches could live up to an average range of 4–7 days at salinity ranging from 10 to 40 ppt. The juvenile leeches were able to hatch at temperature ranging from 25 to 35 °C but unable to hatch at 40 °C. The survival period of adult and juvenile leeches ranged from 11 to 16 days at 25 °C, which was comparatively longer than 5–13 days and 10 h – 5 days at 27–30 °C and 35–40 °C, respectively. The study provided the information on the physical parameters of salinity and temperature which are most optimal for the marine leech Z. arugamensis to propagate.