响应面法优化马血中氯化血红素提取工艺的研究

以新疆本地马的抗凝血作为试验材料,以氯化血红素提取率为检测指标,通过单因素试验,采用Box-behnken响应曲面设计法,研究氯化血红素提取过程中pH、丙酮添加量、处理时间对提取率的影响,并确定提取工艺条件的预测模型方程。研究结果表明,马血中氯化血红素提取的最佳工艺条件为:丙酮添加量是红细胞浓缩液体积的5.25倍,pH 2.86,处理时间3.38 h,此条件下实际提取率为95.83%,与模型的预测数据基本相符。     

Heme oxygenase-1 alleviates alcoholic liver steatosis: histopathological study

Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the most important causes of hepatic steatosis, which involves oxidative stress. In particular, increased oxidative stress has been strongly linked to stimulation of the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). This study aimed to investigate whether HO-1 could alleviates alcoholic steatosis in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) the control group, 2) the EtOH group, 3) the EtOH + ZnPP-IX group and 4) the EtOH + Hemin group. Liver histopathology was investigated in weeks 1 and 4 after the start of the treatment period. Alcohol treatment significantly increased the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, an oxidative stress marker. In addition, it increased the triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in both weeks. Gross examination demonstrated a yellowish and slightly enlarged liver in the alcohol-treated rats. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Oil Red O staining indicated hepatic steatosis, which was characterized by diffuse, extensive fatty accumulation and discrete lipid droplets of variable size in hepatocytes of the alcohol-treated rats. Administration of the HO-1 inducer hemin resulted in upregulation of hepatic HO-1 gene expression, reduced the MDA, triglyceride, ALT and AST levels and alleviated alcoholic hepatic steatosis, whereas administration of the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP-IX) resulted in downregulation of hepatic HO-1 gene expression and could not alleviate alcoholic hepatic steatosis either week. In conclusion, HO-1 could alleviate alcoholic hepatic steatosis in male Wistar rats and may be useful in development of a new therapeutic approach.     

Effect of pH on Structural Changes in Perch Hemoglobin that Can Alter Redox Stability and Heme Affinity

pH can be manipulated to alter the oxidative stability of fish-based foods during storage. X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the ability of reduced pH to cause structural changes in fish hemoglobins that lead to enhanced oxidative degradation. Decreasing pH from 8.0 to 6.3 and 5.7 created a large channel for solvent entry into the heme crevice of perch hemoglobin beta chains. The proton-induced opening of this channel occurred between site CD3 and the heme-6-propionate. Solvent entry into the heme crevice can enhance metHb formation and hemin loss, processes that accelerate lipid oxidation. Reduced pH also decreased the distance between Ile at E11 in one of the alpha chains and the ligand above the heme iron atom. This sterically displaces O₂ and protonated O₂ which increases metHb formation. These studies demonstrate that pH reduction causes structural changes in perch hemoglobin which increase oxidative degradation of the heme pigment.     

0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂对马铃薯生长与品质的调节效果

摘要：为了明确0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂对马铃薯生长的调节效果，确定最佳用量，以克新6号马铃薯为材料，以8%甲哌鎓可湿性粉剂和清水分别作为药剂和空白对照，采取随机区组排列开展田间应用试验，分析不同用量0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂配施专用助剂（SD）对马铃薯生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明：处理1—处理5（667 m2分别施用0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂10、20、30、40、0 g，并配施SD 20 g）平均株高、全叶鲜质量、茎粗和小区平均产量均较空白对照有所增加，且均以处理4（667 m2施用0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂40 g＋SD 20 g）最大，处理3（667 m2施用0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂30 g＋SD 20 g）次之，2者小区平均产量较空白对照分别极显著增加13.80%、10.73%，但与药剂对照差异均不显 著；处理1—处理5马铃薯块茎干物质量、淀粉含量、还原糖含量和VC含量等也均较空白对照有所增加，其中以处理4最高，处理3次之，2者均显著高于空白对照。安全性评价表明，各处理对马铃薯均是安全的。在马铃薯生产上，推荐每667 m2使用0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂30～40 g＋SD 20 g。     

捻转血矛线虫离体培养的研究

本实验研究了:(1)三种人工合成培养基:M199、NCTC109、F_(12);(2)小牛脱纤维蛋白血(以下简称小牛脱纤血)、Filde’s试剂,Bovine hemin;(3)pH值等几种因素对离体培养中捻转血矛线虫(Haemonchou contortus)L_3发育至L_4的影响。结果表明:(1)在相同条件下,NCTC109和M199培养系中的L_3可发育至L_4晚期,F_(12)中L_3只发育至L_4早期;三种培养系中L_3发育至L_4的虫体数占存活虫体数的90％以上,以NCTC109中的发育率为最高,达100％。(2)小牛脱纤血、Filde’s试剂和Bovine hemin对L_3发育至L_4均有促进作用,虫体的存活率明显提高,晚四期幼虫的存活时间延长;小牛脱纤血和Filde’s试剂可使L_3至晚L_4的时间缩短。(3)pH 5.8～6.2时,L_3发育至L_4;速度明显减慢,发育率不到50％;pH 6.6～6.8时,L_3发育至L_4的同步性及发育率明显提高,以pH6.6为最佳。     

外源CO对筋骨草-蜕皮甾酮积累的影响

为了明确一氧化碳（CO）对植物次生代谢物的调控作用,本研究分析了多花筋骨草（Ajuga multiflora）和匐枝筋骨草（A. lobata）根和叶诱导愈伤组织中 蜕皮甾酮的含量,并将-蜕皮甾酮含量高的匐枝筋骨草根诱导的愈伤组织进行悬浮培养。将不同浓度的CO供体氯高铁血红素添加到筋骨草悬浮培养体系中发现,CO促进了悬浮细胞中-蜕皮甾酮的合成。同时发现,当处理8 d时,低浓度的CO处理（8 molL-1）使 蜕皮甾酮的积累量提高了80.82%,但高浓度处理(12、16、20 molL-1)的悬浮细胞中-蜕皮甾酮含量显著低于对照组（P0.05）。上述结果初步证实了低浓度CO（8 molL-1）处理对匐枝筋骨草悬浮细胞中-蜕皮甾酮的积累具有促进作用。     

牦牛血液氯化血红素的分离提纯及工艺优化研究

试验以新鲜牦牛血液为原料,采用血粉法、冰醋酸法及醋酸钠法,探索制备氯化血红素的最优工艺参数,并对不同方法制备的氯化血红素纯度及得量进行对比。结果显示,血粉法的最优工艺是超声处理时间40 min,酸性丙酮添加量为120 mL,抽提时间30 min,乙酸钠添加量为9 mL,氯化血红素纯度达到96%,得量为7.38 g/L。采用冰醋酸法制备氯化血红素,当冰醋酸添加量为红细胞量的3倍时,氯化血红素纯度达到80%,得量为6.10 g/L。采用醋酸钠法制备氯化血红素,当氯仿添加量为红细胞量的2倍时,氯化血红素纯度达到90%,得量为3.44 g/L。通过对比3种制备方法,氯化血红素纯度依次为血粉法 > 醋酸钠法 > 冰醋酸法;氯化血红素得量依次为血粉法 > 冰醋酸法 > 醋酸钠法,由此可知,3种方法中,选用血粉法制备氯化血红素的量更高且更加有利于工业化生产。     

Study on the Separation and Purification of Hemin from Yak Blood and Its Optimization

The study was conducted to separate and purify the hemin from yak blood and the optimal process of preparing the hemin was confirmed using blood meal,glacial acetic acid and sodium acetate methods. The purity and the yield of the extracted hemin in different methods were compared. The results showed that the purity of hemin in yak blood was 96% and the yield was 7.38 g/L using blood meal method under the optimal process of 40 min for ultrasonic treatment, 30 min for extraction,120 mL acid acetone and 9 mL sodium acetate. The purity of hemin was 80% and the yield was 6.10 g/L when the amount of glacial acetic acid was 3 times as much as blood cells amount using the glacial acetic acid method.The purity of hemin was 90% and the yield was 3.44 g/L when the amount of chloroform was 2 times as much as blood cells amount using sodium acetate method. The purity of the hemin from high to low was blood meal method,sodium acetate method and glacial acetic acid method,and that of the hemin yield was blood meal method,glacial acetic acid method and sodium acetate method by comparing the three preparation methods. So the blood meal method was more conducive to industrial production.     

菠萝叶纤维素均相酯化改性制备甲醛气体净化材料

以菠萝叶纤维为原料,采用均相酯化取代反应制备了改性纤维素甲醛净化材料。以氯化血红素为催化剂、DMSO/LiCl为溶剂,在均相条件下对菠萝叶纤维素进行酯化取代改性反应。系统考察了反应条件对纤维素酯化效率的影响,改性后的菠萝叶纤维素的酯化效率为15.64%,并且其对甲醛降解效果最好。对改性前后的菠萝叶纤维素进行扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)和比表面积(BET)分析,发现改性纤维素表面出现大量颗粒状物质;有氯化血红素的吸收峰出现;改性纤维素的比表面积显著提高,有利于吸附甲醛;热分解温度降低、最终残留物比例较高,说明了发生了酯化取代反应。