Long-term variation in brown trout, Salmo trutta L., stocking success in a large lake: interplay between availability of suitable prey and size at release

Abstract –  Factors affecting long-term variation in brown trout, Salmo trutta L., stocking success were examined in a large lake, Lake Oulujärvi, in central Finland. Brown trout were stocked in spring (late May to early June) in 1974–1991 and in summer (late June to early July) in 1992–2001. The biomass of the vendace, Coregonus albula (L.), population (prey) at release time had the largest positive effect on stocking success within both periods: biomass of adult vendace in spring and both 0+ and adult vendace in summer. Increasing the size of stocked fish had a positive effect if the vendace available at release were only adults. The increasing trend of predator-catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) [combined CPUE of northern pike Esox lucius L., burbot Lota lota (L.), and pike-perch Stizostedion lucioperca (L.)] through the study period and its negative effect on trout stocking success suggested an increasing effect of predation within the entire time series.     

桑蚕卵电晕人工孵化技术研究：V.电晕处理蚕种的农村饲育

通过１９９４～１９９６年电晕处理蚕种的农村饲养，得到以下几点认识，在保证卵面消毒和排除孵化不齐因素情况下，电晕蚕种与浸酸蚕种的产量质量无显著差异，专供农用的大板电晕仪存在放电不匀，孵经不齐和孵化率欠高的问题，有待改进，电晕处理蚕种还须进行卵消毒。     

母鸡饲粮添加肌苷酸对种蛋品质、1～21日龄子代肉鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究母鸡饲粮中添加不同水平肌苷酸(IMP)对种蛋品质、1~21日龄子代肉鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选取20周龄健康爱拔益加(Arbor Acres)肉鸡480只,随机分为对照组(基础饲粮)、Ⅰ组(基础饲粮+0.2%肌苷酸)、Ⅱ组(基础饲粮+0.5%肌苷酸)和Ⅲ组(基础饲粮+1.0%肌苷酸)。出壳后的子代肉鸡随机选取480只,根据其母鸡饲粮中肌苷酸添加情况相应分为对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡。试验期21 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,各试验组32周龄末母鸡的种蛋品质指标、1~21日龄子代肉鸡的生长性能指标和血清蛋白质代谢及酶活性相关指标均无显著差异(P0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅲ组21日龄子代肉鸡的血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HLD-C)含量显著升高(P0.05),各试验组的血清总胆固醇(T-CHO)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量无显著差异(P0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组21日龄子代肉鸡的血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T_3)含量显著升高(P0.05),Ⅱ组的血清甲状腺素(T4)和胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)含量显著升高(P0.05),各试验组的血清生长激素(GH)含量无显著差异(P0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅲ组21日龄子代肉鸡的血清免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)、白细胞介素2(IL-2)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)含量有上升趋势(P0.05)。以上结果表明,母鸡饲粮添加肌苷酸增强了子代肉鸡体内的脂质代谢,提高了子代肉鸡血清生长与免疫相关激素水平和免疫因子含量;综合种蛋品质、生长性能及血清生化指标,母鸡饲粮添加0.5%~1.0%肌苷酸效果最佳。     

蜂王浆生产新技术的研究--产浆王台中卵孵化率的研究

本文就蜂王产在特种巢脾台基中卵的孵化率和提高卵的孵化率等问题进行了研究,结果表明,(1)蜂王在特种巢脾在台基中产下的卵,无论是滞留在特种巢脾中还是分装到产浆框中,其孵化率都一样;(2)在奖励饲喂的情况下,无论是特种巢脾上台基中的卵还是产浆框上的,其孵化率均分别极显著高于无奖励饲喂的;(3)采用本探讨技术生产蜂王浆时应将具卵产浆王台滞留在特种巢脾内孵化,并应通过奖励饲喂提高卵的孵化率.     

外源肌苷酸对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及种蛋孵化性能的影响

本试验通过在种鸡的基础饲粮中加入肌苷酸(IMP)来研究其对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和种蛋孵化性能的影响。选择遗传背景相同、体重相近,产蛋率达到5%的20周龄健康AA种鸡864羽,随机分为2组(对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验组饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%肌苷酸),每组6个重复,每个重复72羽,试验期30 d。测定试验期间所有种蛋的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率;每组随机选取部分种蛋进行蛋品质测定;于孵化开始第17天,通过照蛋处理统计种蛋受精率,第21天出雏时,计算受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率和健雏率。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组种鸡的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率均有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);蛋形指数显著升高(P<0.05),蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度和蛋黄颜色显著降低(P<0.05);受精率、受精蛋孵化率和入孵蛋孵化率显著升高(P<0.05),健雏率和雏鸡体重有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上,0.5%外源肌苷酸对种鸡的产蛋性能和种蛋孵化性能均有促进作用。     

云南蒙自持续干旱对西方蜜蜂蜂王交尾成功率的影响

2010年4月21日～7月19日在蒙自县城周围和草坝镇的西方蜜蜂蜂场进行了西方蜜蜂交尾成功率试验。结果表明,蒙自县城周围蜂场的西方蜜蜂交尾成功率为75%,草坝镇蜂场的西方蜜蜂蜂王交尾成功率平均为19.98%。因此认为持续干旱对西方蜜蜂养殖影响很大。     

棘胸蛙产卵量、卵子孵化率的比较研究

为选择适于闽北的棘胸蛙养殖品种,比较了异地引种棘胸蛙和本地引种棘胸蛙的产卵量和卵子孵化率。试验表明,异地经过几个世代驯化的棘胸蛙在总产卵量上要比本地引种的棘胸蛙要多两倍多,产卵总数为3071枚,本地引种的棘胸蛙产卵总数为863枚。异地引种棘胸蛙在卵子孵化率上也比本地引种棘胸蛙要高,平均为95.3%,而本地引种的棘胸蛙的卵子孵化率仅为64.18%,说明异地引种的棘胸蛙在闽北有较好的推广前景。     

高剂量60Co-γ了射线辐射家蚕的生物学效应

家蚕作为鳞翅目昆虫的模式生物,其饲养方法简单,是研究遗传和变异的极好模型。本文以家蚕卵为试验材料,研究不同剂量的60Co-γ射线辐射家蚕卵的生物学效应,结果表明:随着射线辐射剂量的增加,蚕卵的孵化率明显降低而死亡率显著升高,当辐射剂量达到300Gy时,蚕卵的孵化率减小到零;在饲育各龄期随着60Co-γ射线辐射剂量的增加,其生长发育状况会出现逐渐减弱的趋势,60Co-γ射线辐射对雌蚕的致死作用比雄蚕明显。     

In ovo injection of branched‐chain amino acids: Embryonic development,hatchability and hatching quality of turkey poults

In this study, the influence of a branched‐chain amino acid blend (BCAA composed of 3 l ‐leucine:1 l ‐valine:2 l ‐isoleucine) injected into the amniotic fluid was evaluated for embryonic growth, yolk‐sac (YS) utilization and development of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and skeletal muscles of turkey embryos from day 24 of incubation (24E) to hatching, together with hatchability, poult quality and liver L* (lightness), a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values at hatch. At day 22 of incubation, embryonated eggs (n = 240) were assigned to three treatments, that is, eggs were not injected (control, NC) or injected with 1.5 ml sterile solution with 0.9% salt (SA) or 0.2% BCAA blend (BCAAb). These solutions were injected manually into the amniotic fluid of the embryonated eggs. To determine weights and lengths (where appropriate) of the studied organs and tissues, four embryonated eggs and poults per treatment were selected at 24E and at hatch. While the BCAAb decreased the YS and embryo weight, hatchability and the liver L* value, it increased the weight and quality of poults and the weights of breast and thigh muscles at hatch. In conclusion, the in ovo feeding of the BCAA blend negatively affected hatchability but positively affected hatching weight and poult quality by improving development of skeletal muscles and by regulating energy metabolism.     

鸡的人工授精与自然交配种蛋孵化对比试验

该试验选用鸡的人工授精种蛋９４０枚及自然交配种蛋９６０枚,做了鸡的人工授精与自然资本种蛋孵化试验,结果表明：鸡人工授精后６ｄ内种蛋受精率平均为９４．５％,７ｄ后,受经极显著降低;人工授精后的种蛋受经及入孵种蛋孵化率均极显著高于自然交配组,两两者的受精种蛋孵化率无明显差异;另外,在试验过程中,还研究了种蛋贮存时间与化结果的关系,发现种蛋贮存期越短,孵化效果越好,贮存期最长不应超过７ｄ。