兔出血症自然病死兔的病理形态学研究

以常规病理学方法,对30例兔出血症自然病死兔进行研究。结果表明本病的主要病理变化是以肝细胞严重损伤为主要表现的急性坏死性肝炎,受检例100%发生;其次是诸多器官出血和弥漫性血管内凝血;其他病变为网状淋巴组织坏死和不同程度的活化、增生,急性肾病,肾上腺皮质细胞的变质性变化,肺内广泛性微血栓及多发性血栓形成,疾病后期发展为急性败血症。     

Laparoscopic cauterisation of the testicular arteries to manage haemoperitoneum in a gelding

A Thoroughbred gelding had chronic episodic intra‐abdominal haemorrhage following standing castration, presumed to originate from a testicular artery. No coagulopathy could be detected and resolution of haemorrhage was achieved by laparoscopic electrocoagulation of both testicular arteries 6 weeks after castration. Blood drained from the abdomen during surgery was filtered then auto‐transfused. Post operative complications included pigmenturia, incisional pain and large colon impaction.     

Use of an absorbable haemostatic gauze product to control bleeding in 20 horses

The objective of this study was to report our experience with an absorbable haemostatic gauze product in 20 horses with traumatic or surgical haemorrhage. The product is made from oxidised, regenerated cellulose (ORC) and is approved for external use and currently being studied to control internal bleeding in surgical settings in human subjects. Treated horses were from both practice and university settings. Signalment, anatomic location, underlying cause of bleeding and outcome were recorded in the medical record. The size of gauze, approximate time until bleeding stopped, and pre- and post-ORC adjunctive treatments were also recorded. The ORC was used in a variety of anatomic locations, including castration site, foot, flank incisions, distal limb, tooth extraction sites and the perineal region. The bleeding stopped or slowed dramatically within 90 s in 15 of 20 cases. There were no recorded complications in any of the cases. While this clinical report does not attempt to prove efficacy of the product in horses, it does show that this ORC product, which has been approved for use as a haemostatic agent in human subjects, is safe and of practical value, and may be a useful and viable option for the control of haemorrhage in a variety of equine clinical settings.     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒AH528株全基因组特征及进化分析

草鱼出血病是由草鱼呼肠孤病毒(Grass carp reovirus,GCRV)引起的严重危害1~2龄草鱼的一种传染性疾病。本研究从安徽合肥地区患典型草鱼出血病的病鱼组织中分离到1株新的GCRV致病株,暂命名为GCRV-AH528。鱼体人工感染实验结果显示,实验鱼出现典型的出血病症状:体背发黑,鳍基部、腹部、口腔、鳃丝、肠道充血发红。全基因组特征分析显示,GCRV-AH528由11个双链RNA节段组成,节段大小在1027~3925 bp之间,AT平均含量为50.2%,GC平均含量为49.8%。与其他GCRVⅡ型毒株相比,L1节段在701~702位置缺少3个核苷酸(TAT),少编码1个酪氨基;M4节段出现突变,含2个开放阅读框,编码2个非结构蛋白NS9和NS69。所有节段两端均含有6 bp保守的末端核苷酸序列5'-GUAAU/CU…UU/GCAUC-3';另除L1、M6节段外,其余9个节段均在编码区两侧发现5~9 bp的颠倒互补序列。GCRV-AH528与其他呼肠孤病毒核苷酸平均相似度在37.1%~98.1%之间;编码蛋白平均相似度在24.3%~98.3%之间。基于VP1蛋白的聚类分析结果显示,该病毒属于水生呼肠孤病毒属,在氨基酸水平上与典型株GCRV-873株的进化关系较远。本研究结果表明,该毒株为一株新的草鱼呼肠孤病毒Ⅱ型致病株。     

Intravenous formalin for treatment of haemorrhage in horses

There is limited information in the literature regarding the clinical use of formalin for the treatment of haemorrhage in horses. This uncontrolled retrospective study summarises 11 cases that were treated with intravenous formalin at the Veterinary Health Center at Kansas State University from 2009 to 2019. The objective of this study was to describe signalment, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment and outcome of horses treated with intravenous formalin for potentially life-threatening haemorrhagic conditions. This study does not attempt to prove efficacy of intravenous formalin, but rather to report its clinical use and the associated details of those cases. Horses ranged in age from 2 to 23 years old. There were nine Quarter Horses, one Thoroughbred and one Appaloosa. Treated conditions included haemoabdomen (4/11), uterine haemorrhage (1/11), epistaxis (3/11), haemorrhage secondary to a mandibular laceration (2/11) and haemothorax (1/11). The most utilised dose was 0.476% formalin (50 mL 10% neutral buffered formalin diluted in 1 L of isotonic fluid). Some horses were also treated with aminocaproic acid, Yunnan Baiyao, whole blood transfusions and surgery. Ten out of the 11 horses survived to discharge with one horse reported by the owner to have died 2 weeks later of an unknown cause.     

Autologous blood transfusion following an allogenic transfusion reaction in a case of acute anaemia due to intra‐abdominal bleeding

This report describes the use of an autologous transfusion to temporarily improve the oxygen carrying capacity in a case of haemoabdomen. The horse required multiple blood transfusions but use of allogenic transfusions was hindered by a severe adverse reaction. The blood previously lost into the abdomen was drained and returned to the circulation without observed adverse effects. Autologous blood transfusion is a technique which can be used alone, or in addition to, allogenic blood transfusions in selected cases of acute blood loss in horses.