Effect of Discontinuous Administration of β -glucan and Glycyrrhizin on the Growth and Immunity of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei

A six-week growth trial was conducted to compare the effects of different feeding strate- gies of dietary immunostimulants on the growth and immunity of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei （4.70 ±0.20g）. Shrimps were fed with diet containing glycyrrhizin continuously, containing β -glucan continuously, discontinuously （seven days with diet containing β -gluseven days with diet without -glucan; two days with diet containing β-glucan following five days with diet without -glucan）,     

复方甘草酸单胺可溶性粉对恩诺沙星联合LPS 致鸡肝损伤的免疫调节

【目的】探索恩诺沙星联合脂多糖粗提液（lipopolysaccharide crude extract,LPS）诱导鸡肝损伤中机体免疫功能变化,并研究复方甘草酸单胺粉（compound ammonium glycyrrhizin soluble powder,CAG）护肝及免疫调节作用和机理。【方法】104 羽海蓝蛋鸡随机分为空白组（I）,模型组（II）,CAG预防组（III）、CAG治疗高、低剂量（IV、V）组,除I组外,各组连续3 d灌服恩诺沙星（100 mg•kg-1,1次/天）,于第3次灌药时腹注LPS（4 mL•kg-1）诱发肝损伤,III组建模前3 d以40 mg•L-1混饮CAG,持续至建模结束;IV、V组腹注LPS后分以22.5、7.5 mg•kg-1灌服CAG,2 次/天,重复3 d。建模后6、24、48 h采血并剖检。【结果】与I组相比,II组鸡血清ALT、AST、TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6水平 6、24和48h显著升高,外周血中CD3+、CD4+和CD8+ T细胞百分含量 6和24 h显著降低,48 h显著升高,肝组织病变明显。与II组相比：III组ALT、TNF-α 和IL-6 6 h,AST 6和24 h,CD3+、CD4+ 和CD8+ T细胞48 h降低显著;IV组ALT、AST、TNF-α、IL-6 24和48 h,IL-1、CD3+、 CD4+ 和CD8+ T细胞 48 h 显著降低,CD3+ T细胞6和24 h,CD4+ T细胞24 h显著升高;V组中CD8+ T细胞在48 h显著降低;其余差异不显著。IV组较其它组肝组织病变有最大改善。【结论】恩诺沙星联合LPS诱发肝损伤同时致炎性细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6释放和CD3+细胞及其亚群CD4+ 和CD8+发生先低于正常水平,后又显著高于正常水平现象,复方甘草酸单胺可能通过抑制以上3种炎性因子释放,双向调节外周血T细胞亚群恢复正常水平而发挥护肝作用,但作用与给药剂量和时机相关。     

藏药复方中余甘子和甘草及木香的薄层定性鉴别

采用薄层色谱法对藏药复方中的甘草、余甘子、木香3味药材的有效成分进行了定性鉴别。结果表明：文中所选用的方法专属性强、灵敏度高、准确可靠,适用于藏药复方的质量控制。     

利用甘草粉制备高纯度甘草皂甙单钾盐的工艺研究

利用碱溶酸沉法和酸性乙酸乙酯重结晶等技术从甘草粉中提取制备甘草皂甙单钾盐,可使产品中杂质含量大大降低.     

Effects of dietary β‐glucan and glycyrrhizin on non‐specific immunity and disease resistance of white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus

The white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, fed immunostimulant‐free, 0.2%β‐glucan and 0.06% glycyrrhizin diets for 18 days, respectively, were challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus at 6.4 × 10⁴ CFU shrimp^?1. The total haemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory burst (RB) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity changes for a 120‐h period were investigated, and shrimp mortality was also recorded. The results showed that PO activity, RB and SOD activity were significantly higher in shrimp fed the two immunostimulant diets after 18 days than those in shrimp fed immunostimulant‐free diets. The THC and SOD activity decreased significantly from 0 to 24 h post challenge, and then reverted to normal levels at 96 and 72 h respectively. The values for PO activity and RB increased from 0 to 48 h post challenge. Compared with those fed the control diets, shrimp fed immunostimulants had significantly higher PO activity and RB values at 120 h post challenge. Mortalities after challenge with V. alginolyticus were significantly lower in shrimp fed with β‐glucan or glycyrrhizin than in those fed with a diet without immunostimulants. It was concluded that dietary β‐glucan and glycyrrhizin increased the shrimp immunity. Furthermore, β‐glucan caused an increase in some immune parameters 12 h earlier than glycyrrhizin after V. alginolyticus challenge.     

运输应激对刀鲚生理生化指标和HPI轴基因表达影响及甘草甜素的作用

以刀鲚(Coilia nasus)为研究对象,运用荧光定量和相关生化测定方法,研究运输应激对下丘脑-垂体-肾间组织轴(HPI)基因表达和肝脏氧化指标的影响;同时采用浸泡的方式研究甘草甜素(glycyrrhizin,GL)对以上指标的调控作用。结果显示:运输后,脑中促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)基因、阿黑皮素原(POMC)基因和硬骨鱼紧张肽(UI)基因的表达水平显著降低;头肾中皮质醇受体(GR)基因的表达水平运输2 h明显下降,4 h时表达水平最低,8 h显著升高。运输应激可以明显降低肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,显著提高肝脏丙二醛(MDA)的水平,而对谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和脂质过氧化物(LPO)无显著影响。添加甘草甜素6 h后头肾GR基因的表达水平降低,脑中CRH和POMC基因的表达水平显著升高,但是脑中UI基因的表达水平无明显变化。此外,添加甘草甜素对肝脏CAT、MDA、GSH-PX和LPO无显著影响。以上结果表明,运输应激调控HPI轴的基因表达发生了不同程度的变化,而且降低了机体的抗氧化能力,使刀鲚处于氧化应激状态中。GL也可以影响HPI轴的基因表达,但不能有效缓解刀鲚的运输应激引发的氧化应激。     

复方甘草酸苷联合利福平及强力霉素治疗布鲁杆菌病临床探讨

目的探讨复方甘草酸苷联合利福平及强力霉素治疗布鲁杆菌病的临床疗效．方法确诊的220例布鲁杆菌病患者随机分成两组，对照组110例服用利福平加强力霉素，治疗组110例在服用利福平加强力霉素的基础上加服复方甘草酸苷，观察两组的临床疗效．结果两组药物治疗的有效率比较差异无统计学意义，对照组的治愈率为70．00％，治疗组的治愈率...     

甘草酸抑制肝星状细胞增殖的分子机制初步研究

目的探讨甘草酸(glycyrrhizin,GL)抑制肝星状细胞(hepatic stellate cell,HSC)增殖的分子机制。方法采用血小板源生长因子-BB(platelet derived growth factor-BB,PDGF-BB)与GL共同处理肝星状细胞系,MTT与流式细胞术检测细胞周期,定量RT-PCR检测PDGF受体β(PDGFreceptorβ,PDGFRβ)的表达情况;用CCl4处理大鼠,制备肝损伤后肝纤维化模型,分离肝组织进行原代培养,定量RT-PCR检测PDGFRβ的表达情况。结果体外研究表明GL抑制PDGF-BB介导的促HSC增殖作用,同时GL还能够抑制HSC中PDGFRβ的表达;体内研究表明CCl4处理可以上调PDGFRβ的转录水平,而GL可以有效抑制此过程。结论PDGFRβ是GL治疗肝纤维化的作用靶点。     

黄芩苷与甘草酸对恩诺沙星在异育银鲫体内代谢的影响

将黄芩苷(baicalin,BL)和甘草酸(glycyrrhizin,GZ)口灌异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio),探讨其对恩诺沙星(enrofloxacin,ENR)在体内的代谢和肝微粒体细胞色素氧化酶CYP1A、CYP3A活性的影响。异育银鲫连续7 d分别口灌黄芩苷(100 mg/kg)和甘草酸(100 mg/kg),以口灌玉米油作为对照。末次给药24 h后每组随机取10尾腹腔注射恩诺沙星(10 mg/kg),采用单个动物连续采血,HPLC测定血浆恩诺沙星和其代谢产物环丙沙星(cipmfloxacin,CIP)浓度,分析药动学及其参数;同时每组选取6尾检测肝微粒体CYP1A和CYP3A活性。结果表明:(1)黄芩苷(BL)和甘草酸(GZ)对恩诺沙星的吸收有明显抑制作用,主要表现在恩诺沙星峰浓度(Cmax)降低,曲线下面积(AUC)减少;(2)口灌BL和GZ后,恩诺沙星及其代谢产物环丙沙星的消除半衰期(t1/2z)明显小于对照组(P<0.05),而总体清除率(CLz/F)则增大,说明黄芩苷和甘草酸促进了恩诺沙星和环丙沙星的消除;(3)口灌BL和GZ后,BL组和GZ组的Cmax-CIP/Cmax-ENR比值分别为1.48%、2.22%,对照为0.95%;BL组和GZ组的AUC0-t-CIP/AUC0-t-ENR比值分别为2.16%、1.76%,对照组为1.7%。综合分析代谢产物环丙沙星峰浓度、Cmax-CIP/Cmax-ENR和AUC0-t-CIP/AUC0-t-ENR比值可以得出,黄芩苷和甘草酸对恩诺沙星N-脱乙基具有诱导作用;(4)与对照组相比较,BL组和GZ组的7-乙氧基异吩唑酮-O-脱乙基酶(EROD,CYP1A标志酶)和红霉素-N-脱甲基酶(ERND,CYP3A标志酶)活性显著升高(P<0.05),说明黄芩苷和甘草酸对CYP1A和CYP3A都有诱导作用。结合以上结果,认为黄芩苷和甘草酸加速了恩诺沙星的消除和其代谢产物CIP的生成,很可能与诱导CYP1A和CYP3A活性有关。